NFS101 CH 5

monosaccharides

Fiber is mostly made up of ____________ and is connected by bonds that humans cannot digest.

ketoacidosis

a condition that occurs when the body forms excessive ketone bodies due to a low blood glucose is called ___________.

amylopectin

a highly branched chain of glucose units

amylose

a long, straight chain of glucose units

sweetener with brand name

aspartame - Nutrasweet and Equal saccharin - Sweet n Low sucralose - Splenda

amino

aspartame is an alternative sweetener made of two ________ acids (phenylalanine and aspartic acid) and methanol.

glycogenolysis

break down of glycogen

lipolysis

breakdown of fat

-lysis

breakdown of something

starch

example of complex carbohydrates

glycogen fiber starch

examples of polysaccharides (complex)

classification of a whole-grain

fiber-rich bran seed oily germ starchy endosperm

insoluble fiber

food labels for high-fiber food products may voluntarily indicate which of the following?

sucrose

glucose and fructose bonded together form the disaccharide __________.

glucagon

glycogen is stored in the liver and can be released by the hormone __________.

glucagon

increases blood glucose

symptoms of hypoglycemia

irritability shakiness

no

is milk a natural source of sucrose?

glucose

known as dextrose or blood sugar

milk

lactose can be found in which animal products?

ketosis

low-carbohydrate diets lead to a condition which can disturb the body's normal acid-base balance and is called ____________. - condition of having a high concentration of ketone bodies in the bloodstream

glucose

major monosaccharide in the body

lactose

milk and other dairy products are major food sources of _____________ (a disaccharide).

fibers

most dietary ____________ are complex carbohydrates comprised of monosaccharides connected by bonds that human enzymes cannot digest.

glucose

name the most abundant monosaccharide found in the body

fructose

sucrose is made up of two monosacharides: glucose and __________

diabetic candy breath mints sugar-free gum

sugar alcohols are used in ___________.

hemorrhoid

swelling of small rectal veins in the anal region

hypoglycemia

symptoms that include irritability, restlessness, shaking, sweating, and confusion are often observed during periods of low blood sugar called ___________.

TRUE

the main function of glucose is to provide the body with a source of fuel

glucose

the monosaccharide that serves as the basic unit of all carbohydrate structures is ________.

muscles

the primary function of glycogen is to store glucose for later use. Glycogen is stored in the liver and __________________.

important nutrients that milk and milk products provide

vitamins and calcium

levulose

what is another name for fructose?

complex carbohydrates

what is another name for polysaccharides?

decay

when sugars and other carbohydrates are metabolized by bacteria into acids that dissolve the tooth enamel this results in tooth ____________.

aspartame

which alternative sweetener contains the amino acids phenylalanine and aspartic acid?

fructose

which monosaccharide is commonly found as a component in fruit?

amylose & amylopectin

which of the following groups of polysachharides are forms of starch?

amylopectin

which of the following is a form of starch?

- they have a family history of type 2 diabetes - are chronically overweight - they have elevated blood pressure

women are more likely to experience gestational diabetes during their pregnancy if ....

carbohydrate

(glycemic index X grams of carbohydrate) / 100 + glycemic load

soluble fibers

- dissolve or swell in water - are metabolized by intestinal bacteria

probable cause of hyperactivity

- genetic factors - environmental factors

correct descriptions about a whole grain

- intact, ground, cracked, or flaked seeds of cereal grains - examples include wheat, oats, corn, rice, rye, barley, and sorghum - must contain the starchy endosperm, oily germ, and fiber-rich bran

true about fiber

- is a complex carbohydrate - a substance found in plants - adds bulk to feces

type 2 diabetes can be prevented or its onset delayed by

- losing excess body fat - increasing physical activity

production of ketone bodies

during low carbohydrate consumption which of the following will occur?

order the body's preference for using nutrients for energy

1. carbohydrate 2. protein

ketone bodies

chemicals that result from incomplete fat breakdown

insulin

decreases blood glucose