NFS101 CH 5
monosaccharides
Fiber is mostly made up of ____________ and is connected by bonds that humans cannot digest.
ketoacidosis
a condition that occurs when the body forms excessive ketone bodies due to a low blood glucose is called ___________.
amylopectin
a highly branched chain of glucose units
amylose
a long, straight chain of glucose units
sweetener with brand name
aspartame - Nutrasweet and Equal saccharin - Sweet n Low sucralose - Splenda
amino
aspartame is an alternative sweetener made of two ________ acids (phenylalanine and aspartic acid) and methanol.
glycogenolysis
break down of glycogen
lipolysis
breakdown of fat
-lysis
breakdown of something
starch
example of complex carbohydrates
glycogen fiber starch
examples of polysaccharides (complex)
classification of a whole-grain
fiber-rich bran seed oily germ starchy endosperm
insoluble fiber
food labels for high-fiber food products may voluntarily indicate which of the following?
sucrose
glucose and fructose bonded together form the disaccharide __________.
glucagon
glycogen is stored in the liver and can be released by the hormone __________.
glucagon
increases blood glucose
symptoms of hypoglycemia
irritability shakiness
no
is milk a natural source of sucrose?
glucose
known as dextrose or blood sugar
milk
lactose can be found in which animal products?
ketosis
low-carbohydrate diets lead to a condition which can disturb the body's normal acid-base balance and is called ____________. - condition of having a high concentration of ketone bodies in the bloodstream
glucose
major monosaccharide in the body
lactose
milk and other dairy products are major food sources of _____________ (a disaccharide).
fibers
most dietary ____________ are complex carbohydrates comprised of monosaccharides connected by bonds that human enzymes cannot digest.
glucose
name the most abundant monosaccharide found in the body
fructose
sucrose is made up of two monosacharides: glucose and __________
diabetic candy breath mints sugar-free gum
sugar alcohols are used in ___________.
hemorrhoid
swelling of small rectal veins in the anal region
hypoglycemia
symptoms that include irritability, restlessness, shaking, sweating, and confusion are often observed during periods of low blood sugar called ___________.
TRUE
the main function of glucose is to provide the body with a source of fuel
glucose
the monosaccharide that serves as the basic unit of all carbohydrate structures is ________.
muscles
the primary function of glycogen is to store glucose for later use. Glycogen is stored in the liver and __________________.
important nutrients that milk and milk products provide
vitamins and calcium
levulose
what is another name for fructose?
complex carbohydrates
what is another name for polysaccharides?
decay
when sugars and other carbohydrates are metabolized by bacteria into acids that dissolve the tooth enamel this results in tooth ____________.
aspartame
which alternative sweetener contains the amino acids phenylalanine and aspartic acid?
fructose
which monosaccharide is commonly found as a component in fruit?
amylose & amylopectin
which of the following groups of polysachharides are forms of starch?
amylopectin
which of the following is a form of starch?
- they have a family history of type 2 diabetes - are chronically overweight - they have elevated blood pressure
women are more likely to experience gestational diabetes during their pregnancy if ....
carbohydrate
(glycemic index X grams of carbohydrate) / 100 + glycemic load
soluble fibers
- dissolve or swell in water - are metabolized by intestinal bacteria
probable cause of hyperactivity
- genetic factors - environmental factors
correct descriptions about a whole grain
- intact, ground, cracked, or flaked seeds of cereal grains - examples include wheat, oats, corn, rice, rye, barley, and sorghum - must contain the starchy endosperm, oily germ, and fiber-rich bran
true about fiber
- is a complex carbohydrate - a substance found in plants - adds bulk to feces
type 2 diabetes can be prevented or its onset delayed by
- losing excess body fat - increasing physical activity
production of ketone bodies
during low carbohydrate consumption which of the following will occur?
order the body's preference for using nutrients for energy
1. carbohydrate 2. protein
ketone bodies
chemicals that result from incomplete fat breakdown
insulin
decreases blood glucose
