NUTR 202 Exam 3 Review Questions

Small amounts of naturally occurring trans fat are found in ______.

Milk and meat

Essential amino acids ______.

Must be obtained from the diet

Essential nutrients ___________.

Must be obtained in the diet.

Phytochemicals are _________.

Not considered essential nutrients

What is a good sources of insoluble fiber?

Oat bran

Cholesterol is produced by the ________.

Liver

Glycogen is stored in the ______.

Liver and muscles

Which phytochemical gives plants a red pigment?

Lycopene

Which phytochemical helps make tomatoes red and acts as an antioxidant?

Lycopene

Energy-requiring processes of basal metabolism include _________.

Maintenance of body temperature

Which food has the lowest glycemic index?

Milk

Which weight-loss approach works by partially blocking fat absorption in the intestines?

Orlistat

Standards used to assess weight status in children and adolescents employ ________.

BMI percentile ranges

What contributes the most to energy need?

Basal metabolism

Which phytochemical gives plants and orange pigment?

Beta-carotene

A constant supply of glucose is needed by the ________.

Brain

Women who drink during pregnancy are at risk of having infants with _________.

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

The assembly of amino acids into proteins is directed by RNA.

False

The body responds to elevated levels of blood glucose by signaling the alpha cells of the pancreas to produce additional insulin.

False

The water content of foods contribute little to our daily intake of water.

False

Triglycerides consist of three glycerol units and one fatty acid.

False

Type 1 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes.

False

Water in not an essential nutrient because it does not provide the body with energy.

False

Food science is the study of foods, their nutrients, and other chemical constituents, and the effects foods and food constituents have on health.

False (this is nutrition)

Nutrition is best described as the study of __________.

Foods and health

The phytochemical allicin is found in ____.

Garlic

Fermentation is the process by which the protein in grains and fruits are converted to ethanol by the action of enzymes.

False

Fiber has no caloric value.

False

Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that develops in infants.

False

High-fructsoe corn syrup contains the same amount of fructose and glucose as sucrose.

False

Hypoglycemia is abnormally high blood glucose levels caused by low levels of insulin production.

False

Many people in the United States suffer from protein deficiency.

False

People with bulimia nervosa tend to be underweight.

False

Physical activity is the largest contributor to energy needs.

False

It is recommended that women who are or may become pregnant _________.

Do not drink

EARs are defined as _______.

The nutrient intake values that are estimated to meet the requirements of half the healthy individuals in a group

How does binge-eating disorder differ from bulimia nervosa?

There is no purging after a binge

People must experience eating binges once a week or more on average over a period of _________ to be diagnosed with binge-eating disorder.

Three months

Hydrogenation converts some unsaturated fats into _____.

Trans fat

What is the most common type of fat in food and in body fat stores?

Triglycerides

Alcohol-containing beverages generally have a high caloric content.

True

Carbohydrates are the major source of energy for people throughout the world.

True

DRIs is the general terms used for nutrient intake standards for healthy people.

True

Dietary patterns consisting of only plant foods can provide an adequate amount of complete proteins.

True

Dried beans and grains are good sources of protein.

True

Fat helps cushion and protect organs.

True

Food security is access at all time to a sufficient supply of safe and nutritious foods.

True

Habitually high alcohol intake increases the risk of developing dementia, high blood pressure, and certain types of cancer.

True

Inadequate diets generally produce a spectrum of signs and symptoms related to multiple nutrient deficiencies.

True

Insoluble fiber is found primarily in oat and wheat bran, the coating on seeds, and the skins of fruits and vegetables.

True

Intake of energy-dense diets is related to the development of overweight and diabetes.

True

Linoleic acid is required for growth.

True

More than 2,000 types of phytochemicals that act as pigments have been identified.

True

Nutrition is an interdisciplinary science that includes biological, chemical, physical, and foods sciences as well as mathematics and statistics.

True

Obesity may be related to environmental factors.

True

Phytochemicals have been found to play a role in preventing the development of diabetes.

True

Phytochemicals play a variety of roles in plants, including providing protection against bacterial, viral, and fungal infections.

True

Protein serves as an energy source.

True

Starchy foods are often low in calories.

True

Unsaturated fats tend to be liquid at room temperature.

True

Water is our body's main source of fluoride.

True

Your estimated total daily need for calories is the sum of calories used for basal metabolism, physical activity, and dietary thermogenesis.

True

Trans fats increase the risk of _______.

Type 2 diabetes

High protein diets are often accompanied by high ______ intake.

Fat

Adults are approximately ____% water by weight

60-65

Basal metabolism accounts for ____% of the total need for calories in the vast majority of people.

60-75

There are ___ essential amino acids.

9

The calorie is used as a measure of _____.

Energy

Adults who maintain their weight are in a state of _______.

Energy balance

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?

Energy source

Anorexia nervose only affects people between the ages of 16 and 25.

False

Being "pear shaped" is riskier than "apple shaped" due to the presence of visceral fat.

False

Broccoli is an example of an energy-dense food.

False

Cholesterol is a lipid found primarily in fruits and vegetables.

False

Cooking, mashing, or chopping foods decreases fiber content.

False

Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are diagnosed when fasting levels of blood glucose are >/= ________ mg/dL.

126

Heavy drinking is considered _____ or more drinks a day.

5

Empty-calorie foods provide few calories and high amounts of nutrients.

False

Essential nutrients can be manufactured by the body from components of food and are not required in the diet.

False

An "average" activity level requires roughly _____% of the calories needed for basal metabolism.

50

Proteins are made up of "building blocks" called ______.

Amino acids

A moderate level of alcohol consumption is conserved to be ____ per day for women and ____ for men.

1 drink ; 2 drinks

How many common amino acids form proteins?

20

Fat intake should be kept within the range of ______% of total caloric intake for adults.

20-35

Adequate intake of EPA and DHA for adults is considered to be ______ mg per day.

250-500

What is the recommended amount of total dietary fiber for adults per day?

28 grams for women and 35 grams for men

Hemoglobin A1c represents blood glucose levels over ________.

3 months

A pound of body fat can provide approximately _____ calories of energy to the body when needed.

3,500

The American Heart Association recommends that most people limit their intake of cholesterol to less than _____ mg per day.

300

Protein contains ____ calories per gram.

4

The RDA for protein is ____ grams for adult women and ____ grams for adult men.

46 ; 56

An important function of water is to _____.

Act as the body's cooling system

The current RDAs referenced in the DRIs reflect nutrient intake levels that protect ______ from developing deficiency disease and that also reduce the risk of common chronic diseases.

Almost all healthy individuals

Alpha-linolenic acid is _______.

An omega-3 fatty acid

Which phytochemical gives plants a blue-purple pigment?

Anthocyanins

Proteins ___________.

Are a major component of hormones

Simple sugars _____.

Are the most commonly used food additive

A rich source of flavonoids is ____.

Artichokes

It is recommended that trans fat intake be ____ of total calorie intake.

As little as possible

Various types of sulfur-containing phytochemical present in vegetables such as _____ help prevent a number of different types of cancer in people with specific genes.

Cauliflower

Certain groups of people are at greater risk of developing anorexia nervosa than others including _________.

Competitive athletes and ballet dancers

The recommended level os nutrient intake provided by the RDAs are boson on age, gender, and ______.

Condition (pregnant or breastfeeding)

What are the most likely causes of bulimia nervosa?

Depression and abnormal mechanisms for regulating food intake

DRIs are referred to as _________.

Dietary Reference Intakes

The use of weight-control programs that include ______ lead to greater weight loss.

Dietary changes and physical activity

The quantities, proportions, varied, or combination of different foods, drinks, and nutrients in diets, and the frequency with which they are habitually consumed is a(n) ___________.

Dietary pattern

Which food is the best example of an energy-dense food?

Eggs

Insulin is a(n) _______.

Hormone

Moderate amounts of alcohol ______.

Improve the body's utilization of insulin and blood glucose

Common signs of elevated blood glucose levels include ________.

Increased thirst

DHA _______.

Is found in large amounts in the retina

Spinach, collard greens, rhubarb, and other dark green, leafy vegetables contain _______.

Oxalic acid

Insulin is produced by the ______.

Pancreas

Water __________.

Participates in energy formation

Which source of protein is considered an incomplete protein?

Pinto beans

An important cause of underweight in some poor nations is _______.

Poverty

A positive energy balance is normal during ________.

Pregnancy and childhood

Which nutrient is a source of fuel for the body?

Proteins

The phytochemical _____ helps decrease chronic inflammation due to excess body fat, improves insulin utilization, and may decrease bone loss.

Quercetin

Soluble fibers have been shown to _______.

Reduce blood glucose levels after a meal

Which phytochemical is found in the skin of red grapes, peanuts, tea, blueberries, and cranberries and plays a role in the prevention of inflammation?

Resveratrol

Fat ________.

Serves as a component of cell membranes

Which carbohydrates supplies the body with four calories per gram?

Simple sugars and complex carbohydrates

Which commonly used method for assessing body fat content uses calipers to mature the thickness of fat folds that lie underneath the skin?

Skinfold measurement

The DRIs are _________.

The general term used for nutrient intake standards for healthy people

ULs are _________.

Upper limits of nutrient intake compatible with health

Which nutrient is often deficient in the diets of heavy drinkers?

Vitamin A

AIs __________.

Were established for a few nutrients for which too few reliable scientific studies have been done to establish an RDA

Bulimia nervosa is more common among _______.

Wrestlers

What is the sweetest alcohol sugar?

Xylitol

Which food is considered a nutrient-dense food?

Yogurt

Which group of people is most likely to engage in pica?

Young children