NUTR 202 Exam 3 Review Questions
Small amounts of naturally occurring trans fat are found in ______.
Milk and meat
Essential amino acids ______.
Must be obtained from the diet
Essential nutrients ___________.
Must be obtained in the diet.
Phytochemicals are _________.
Not considered essential nutrients
What is a good sources of insoluble fiber?
Oat bran
Cholesterol is produced by the ________.
Liver
Glycogen is stored in the ______.
Liver and muscles
Which phytochemical gives plants a red pigment?
Lycopene
Which phytochemical helps make tomatoes red and acts as an antioxidant?
Lycopene
Energy-requiring processes of basal metabolism include _________.
Maintenance of body temperature
Which food has the lowest glycemic index?
Milk
Which weight-loss approach works by partially blocking fat absorption in the intestines?
Orlistat
Standards used to assess weight status in children and adolescents employ ________.
BMI percentile ranges
What contributes the most to energy need?
Basal metabolism
Which phytochemical gives plants and orange pigment?
Beta-carotene
A constant supply of glucose is needed by the ________.
Brain
Women who drink during pregnancy are at risk of having infants with _________.
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
The assembly of amino acids into proteins is directed by RNA.
False
The body responds to elevated levels of blood glucose by signaling the alpha cells of the pancreas to produce additional insulin.
False
The water content of foods contribute little to our daily intake of water.
False
Triglycerides consist of three glycerol units and one fatty acid.
False
Type 1 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes.
False
Water in not an essential nutrient because it does not provide the body with energy.
False
Food science is the study of foods, their nutrients, and other chemical constituents, and the effects foods and food constituents have on health.
False (this is nutrition)
Nutrition is best described as the study of __________.
Foods and health
The phytochemical allicin is found in ____.
Garlic
Fermentation is the process by which the protein in grains and fruits are converted to ethanol by the action of enzymes.
False
Fiber has no caloric value.
False
Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that develops in infants.
False
High-fructsoe corn syrup contains the same amount of fructose and glucose as sucrose.
False
Hypoglycemia is abnormally high blood glucose levels caused by low levels of insulin production.
False
Many people in the United States suffer from protein deficiency.
False
People with bulimia nervosa tend to be underweight.
False
Physical activity is the largest contributor to energy needs.
False
It is recommended that women who are or may become pregnant _________.
Do not drink
EARs are defined as _______.
The nutrient intake values that are estimated to meet the requirements of half the healthy individuals in a group
How does binge-eating disorder differ from bulimia nervosa?
There is no purging after a binge
People must experience eating binges once a week or more on average over a period of _________ to be diagnosed with binge-eating disorder.
Three months
Hydrogenation converts some unsaturated fats into _____.
Trans fat
What is the most common type of fat in food and in body fat stores?
Triglycerides
Alcohol-containing beverages generally have a high caloric content.
True
Carbohydrates are the major source of energy for people throughout the world.
True
DRIs is the general terms used for nutrient intake standards for healthy people.
True
Dietary patterns consisting of only plant foods can provide an adequate amount of complete proteins.
True
Dried beans and grains are good sources of protein.
True
Fat helps cushion and protect organs.
True
Food security is access at all time to a sufficient supply of safe and nutritious foods.
True
Habitually high alcohol intake increases the risk of developing dementia, high blood pressure, and certain types of cancer.
True
Inadequate diets generally produce a spectrum of signs and symptoms related to multiple nutrient deficiencies.
True
Insoluble fiber is found primarily in oat and wheat bran, the coating on seeds, and the skins of fruits and vegetables.
True
Intake of energy-dense diets is related to the development of overweight and diabetes.
True
Linoleic acid is required for growth.
True
More than 2,000 types of phytochemicals that act as pigments have been identified.
True
Nutrition is an interdisciplinary science that includes biological, chemical, physical, and foods sciences as well as mathematics and statistics.
True
Obesity may be related to environmental factors.
True
Phytochemicals have been found to play a role in preventing the development of diabetes.
True
Phytochemicals play a variety of roles in plants, including providing protection against bacterial, viral, and fungal infections.
True
Protein serves as an energy source.
True
Starchy foods are often low in calories.
True
Unsaturated fats tend to be liquid at room temperature.
True
Water is our body's main source of fluoride.
True
Your estimated total daily need for calories is the sum of calories used for basal metabolism, physical activity, and dietary thermogenesis.
True
Trans fats increase the risk of _______.
Type 2 diabetes
High protein diets are often accompanied by high ______ intake.
Fat
Adults are approximately ____% water by weight
60-65
Basal metabolism accounts for ____% of the total need for calories in the vast majority of people.
60-75
There are ___ essential amino acids.
9
The calorie is used as a measure of _____.
Energy
Adults who maintain their weight are in a state of _______.
Energy balance
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?
Energy source
Anorexia nervose only affects people between the ages of 16 and 25.
False
Being "pear shaped" is riskier than "apple shaped" due to the presence of visceral fat.
False
Broccoli is an example of an energy-dense food.
False
Cholesterol is a lipid found primarily in fruits and vegetables.
False
Cooking, mashing, or chopping foods decreases fiber content.
False
Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are diagnosed when fasting levels of blood glucose are >/= ________ mg/dL.
126
Heavy drinking is considered _____ or more drinks a day.
5
Empty-calorie foods provide few calories and high amounts of nutrients.
False
Essential nutrients can be manufactured by the body from components of food and are not required in the diet.
False
An "average" activity level requires roughly _____% of the calories needed for basal metabolism.
50
Proteins are made up of "building blocks" called ______.
Amino acids
A moderate level of alcohol consumption is conserved to be ____ per day for women and ____ for men.
1 drink ; 2 drinks
How many common amino acids form proteins?
20
Fat intake should be kept within the range of ______% of total caloric intake for adults.
20-35
Adequate intake of EPA and DHA for adults is considered to be ______ mg per day.
250-500
What is the recommended amount of total dietary fiber for adults per day?
28 grams for women and 35 grams for men
Hemoglobin A1c represents blood glucose levels over ________.
3 months
A pound of body fat can provide approximately _____ calories of energy to the body when needed.
3,500
The American Heart Association recommends that most people limit their intake of cholesterol to less than _____ mg per day.
300
Protein contains ____ calories per gram.
4
The RDA for protein is ____ grams for adult women and ____ grams for adult men.
46 ; 56
An important function of water is to _____.
Act as the body's cooling system
The current RDAs referenced in the DRIs reflect nutrient intake levels that protect ______ from developing deficiency disease and that also reduce the risk of common chronic diseases.
Almost all healthy individuals
Alpha-linolenic acid is _______.
An omega-3 fatty acid
Which phytochemical gives plants a blue-purple pigment?
Anthocyanins
Proteins ___________.
Are a major component of hormones
Simple sugars _____.
Are the most commonly used food additive
A rich source of flavonoids is ____.
Artichokes
It is recommended that trans fat intake be ____ of total calorie intake.
As little as possible
Various types of sulfur-containing phytochemical present in vegetables such as _____ help prevent a number of different types of cancer in people with specific genes.
Cauliflower
Certain groups of people are at greater risk of developing anorexia nervosa than others including _________.
Competitive athletes and ballet dancers
The recommended level os nutrient intake provided by the RDAs are boson on age, gender, and ______.
Condition (pregnant or breastfeeding)
What are the most likely causes of bulimia nervosa?
Depression and abnormal mechanisms for regulating food intake
DRIs are referred to as _________.
Dietary Reference Intakes
The use of weight-control programs that include ______ lead to greater weight loss.
Dietary changes and physical activity
The quantities, proportions, varied, or combination of different foods, drinks, and nutrients in diets, and the frequency with which they are habitually consumed is a(n) ___________.
Dietary pattern
Which food is the best example of an energy-dense food?
Eggs
Insulin is a(n) _______.
Hormone
Moderate amounts of alcohol ______.
Improve the body's utilization of insulin and blood glucose
Common signs of elevated blood glucose levels include ________.
Increased thirst
DHA _______.
Is found in large amounts in the retina
Spinach, collard greens, rhubarb, and other dark green, leafy vegetables contain _______.
Oxalic acid
Insulin is produced by the ______.
Pancreas
Water __________.
Participates in energy formation
Which source of protein is considered an incomplete protein?
Pinto beans
An important cause of underweight in some poor nations is _______.
Poverty
A positive energy balance is normal during ________.
Pregnancy and childhood
Which nutrient is a source of fuel for the body?
Proteins
The phytochemical _____ helps decrease chronic inflammation due to excess body fat, improves insulin utilization, and may decrease bone loss.
Quercetin
Soluble fibers have been shown to _______.
Reduce blood glucose levels after a meal
Which phytochemical is found in the skin of red grapes, peanuts, tea, blueberries, and cranberries and plays a role in the prevention of inflammation?
Resveratrol
Fat ________.
Serves as a component of cell membranes
Which carbohydrates supplies the body with four calories per gram?
Simple sugars and complex carbohydrates
Which commonly used method for assessing body fat content uses calipers to mature the thickness of fat folds that lie underneath the skin?
Skinfold measurement
The DRIs are _________.
The general term used for nutrient intake standards for healthy people
ULs are _________.
Upper limits of nutrient intake compatible with health
Which nutrient is often deficient in the diets of heavy drinkers?
Vitamin A
AIs __________.
Were established for a few nutrients for which too few reliable scientific studies have been done to establish an RDA
Bulimia nervosa is more common among _______.
Wrestlers
What is the sweetest alcohol sugar?
Xylitol
Which food is considered a nutrient-dense food?
Yogurt
Which group of people is most likely to engage in pica?
Young children
