nutrition class

Transfer of heat via air movement.

Convection

Most effective strategy to reduce excess body fat.

Diet plus increased physical activity

Provides the major physiologic defense against overheating.

Evaporation

The most serious and complex heat-stress malady and requires immediate medical attention.

Exertional heat stroke

Anorexia nervosa and muscle dysmorphia share the following traits.

History of depression and anxiety

__________ occurs from large sweat-sodium loss coupled with drinking copious amounts of plain water

Hyponatremia

Contains the central coordinating center for temperature regulation.

Hypothalmus

Which statement is true about bulimia nervosa?

Includes binge eating of calorically dense foods

The risk for dehydration __________ during vigorous cold-weather physical activity.

Increases

Activated in adipose tissue where it encodes and stimulates production of a body fat-signaling hormone-like protein, which then enters the bloodstream.

Leptin (ob protein)

Most favorable physical activity strategy to alter body composition in overfat boys and girls.

Low-intensity, long-duration physical activity combined with high-repetition resistance training and a behavior modification component

The term used to describe the pathologic preoccupation with muscle size and overall muscularity.

Muscle dysmorphia

Body heat loss that occurs via electromagnetic heat waves.

Radiation

Heat loss occurs by these physical mechanisms.

Radiation, conduction, convection, and evaporation

Refers to the percentage of water in ambient air at a particular temperature compared to the total quantity of moisture that the air could carry.

Relative humidity

Most readily facilitates fluid replenishment when added to an oral rehydration beverage.

Sodium

Which of the following statements is true regarding amino acid supplement use?

The healthy intestine absorbs amino acids rapidly when they exist in both complex and simpler form.

Muscle protein can be conserved in individuals who engage in protracted intense training by consuming...

a high-carbohydrate diet with adequate energy intake

To calculate Body mass index, which is the correct formula:

body mass (kg) ÷ stature (m2)

When caloric intake equals caloric expenditure, __________.

body mass remains constant

Sixty-seven percent of athletes with an eating disorder dieted because of their __________ recommendation.

coach's

Exercise triggers the release of an array of hormones, this one having anti-reproductive properties.

cortisol

__________ consists of the fat stored within the marrow of bones, internal organs, muscles, and tissues of the central nervous system.

essential fat

The components of total body fat include:

essential, storage

Adding protein to carbohydrate-containing beverages has the effect of __________ compared with supplementation with carbohydrate only.

extending time to fatigue and reducing acute muscle damage

Body weight should be viewed as the end result of complex interactions between __________.

genes and environmental influences

To speed glycogen replenishment following intense training or competition, one should immediately consume __________.

high-glycemic, carbohydrate-rich foods

Which of the following methods to assess body composition involves submersion in water?

hydrostatic weighing

Physical ailments associated with anorexia nervosa do not include __________.

increased bone density

Current acceptable __________ intake ranges between 20% and 35% of caloric intake.

lipid

If total food calories exceed daily energy expenditure, excess calories accumulate as __________.

lipid in adipose tissue

A __________ diet rapidly compromises energy reserves for vigorous physical activity and regular training.

low carbohydrate

A state of underhydration decreases accuracy of impedance measures, thus __________ the percent body fat estimate, whereas hyperhydration __________ the estimate.

lowering, increases

The term for irregular menstrual cycle is:

oligomenorrhea

Maximizing fat loss and minimizing lean-tissue mass loss follow a general guideline known as the "Quarter Fat-Free Mass Rule," which states that the expected lean tissue loss as fat-free mass follows a pattern of about __________ comes from fat-free mass, with the remainder mostly fat mass and some fluid.

one fourth of each pound of lost weight

Refers to a condition in which body fat exceeds an age- or sex-appropriate average by a predetermined amount. In most situations, this condition represents the correct term to assess individual and group body fat levels.

overfatness

Chronic fatigue experienced during workouts and in subsequent recovery periods that increase incidence of infections and persistent muscle soreness: __________.

overtraining syndrome

The ideal pre-competition meal __________.

provides glucose for intestinal absorption during exercise

Standard resistance training performed regularly increases ___________ (if FFM increases).

resting metabolic rate

Proponents of __________ maintain that all persons, fat or thin, have a well-regulated internal control mechanism similar to a thermostat located deep within the brain's __________.

set point theory; lateral hypothalamus

Measuring skinfold thickness requires grasping a fold of skin and __________ firmly with the thumb and forefingers and pulling it away from the underlying lean tissue.

subcutaneous fat

A potential problem with MyPlate is __________.

that protein is listed as a food and not as a macronutrient found in foods

Vitamin-mineral deficiencies in active people are most likely to occur among __________.

those who eliminate one or more food groups from their diet

On the day of competition, athletes should eliminate high-lipid and protein foods.

true

Disordered eating behaviors generally affect __________.

women between the ages of 15 and 35 years

Body fat losses of up to 2 pounds (0.9 kg) each week fall within acceptable limits, but this steady weekly weight loss weekly is more desirable.

0.5 to 1.0 pound

To lose weight, a caloric deficit created by consuming fewer calories and engaging in at least __________ minutes of moderate physical activity weekly is recommended.

150 minutes

Dehydration as little as __________ of total body mass impairs physical work capacity and physiologic function.

2%

The BMI associated with the lowest health risk is:

20-25

A female model's body weight averages __________ below the national average for women.

23 pounds

It takes at least __________ to replenish muscle glycogen levels after prolonged exhaustive exercise.

24 hours

The ideal pre-competition meal should be consumed __________.

3 to 4 hours before undertaking physical activity

The ideal oral rehydration solution contains between __________ carbohydrate and does not adversely impact fluid balance and thermoregulation

5-8%

Approximately __________ of weight lost over the first week of energy deficit consists of water loss. Thereafter, water loss progressively changes, representing only about __________ of weight loss in the second and third weeks.

70%; 20%

A term used to describe the cluster of personality traits among athletes that are common to patients with clinical eating disorders

Anorexia athletica

Characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating that often occur without subsequent purging or abusing laxatives to compensate for overeating.

Binge-eating disorder

Characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating followed by purging, laxative abuse, fasting, or extreme exercise and intense feelings of guilt or shame.

Bulimia nervosa