Nutrition Exam 1
c
Choose the statement below that correctly describes nutrient content claims. a. "cholesterol free" refers to a product with less than 20mg per serving b. "Reduced fat" refers to a product with less than 3g per serving c. "Reduced sodium" refers to a product with 25% less sodium than the original product d. "low calorie" refers to a product with fewer than 5kcal per serving
adequate intake
What does AI stand for?
acceptable macronutrient distribution range
What does AMDR stand for?
estimated energy requirements
What does EER stand for?
Recommended Dietary Allowance
What does RDA stand for?
Tolerable Upper Intake Level
What does UL stand for?
macronutrients
a turkey sandwich with avocado on whole wheat bread contains all the __________: proteins, fats, and carbs
improved rate of cellular growth, replacement and tissue repair
benefits of exercise
UL
if an individual exceeds the __ value for a particular nutrient, there's a chance for adverse health affects
water
important for body temperature regulation, composed of only oxygen and hydrogen and essential for proper fluid balance
AMDR
individuals who consume macronutrients within the ranges indicated by the _____ may reduce their risk for chronic diseases
no
is dri information on a food label?
2000
o Indicates the highest level of daily nutrient need across all population groups on a ______ calorie diet.
ai
o Recommended average daily intake level for a nutrient that is assumed to be adequate o Based on observations and estimates from experiments o Used when the RDA is not yet established: vitamin D, vitamin K, fluoride, and chromium
case study
observe small group of subjects/ patients
a
of a food label, the %DV tells you ____ a. the % of an average adults daily need for a specific nutrient in a particular food based on a 2000-Calorie diet b. the amount of energy obtained from a specific amount of a particular food c. the range of macronutrient intake that provides adequate nutrition and is associated with decreased risk of chronic disease d. the highest amount of a nutrient than an individual can consume daily without adverse effects
1000
one kcal= ____ calories
EER
physical activity level is an consideration important when calculating the ___
protein
to increase _____ content, add strips of skinless, grilled chicken breast to a green salad.
d
to which food group does cheese belong? a. cheese b. oils c. protein foods d. dairy
heart disease, cancers, strokes, diabetes mellitus
top four diseases/causes of death that are linked to diet and lifestyle
true
true or false? DRI stands for dietary reference intakes
false
true or false? The first law requiring food labels to contain nutrition information was passed in 2000
false
true or false? The top five ingredients in packaged food must be listed on a food label, beginning with macronutrients and followed by an additive the food contains
RDA, AI, UL, AMDR, EER
Nutrition researchers have determined the DRI amounts for nutrients based on the following components:
RDA
- the EAR is needed to calculate values in this category. -when this value can be determined, individuals should aim for this amount for daily intake
AMDR
- values in this category are expressed as a % of total energy - consuming above or below the ranges indicated by these DRI values can increase the risk for chronic disease
Calorie, kilocalories
On food labels, _______ actually refers to __________
both
Required on ___ food label: - servings per container -DV of iron
a, e
Which of the statements below are correct regarding %DV on a food label? a. DV can show consumers that product is high or low in a particular nutrient b. footnote for %DV shows how recommendations differ between a 2000 and 2500 kcal diet c. a product with 10% DV calcium serving is considered an "excellent source" of calcium e. the new nutrition facts panel displays both the quantity and %DV for most nutrients
daily values
______ ________ are based on a 2000-kcal/day diet and serve as general reference values for most nutrients on a food label.
organic
______ nutrients are a vast group of compounds containing both carbon and hydrogen
added sugars
_______ __________ is one of the nutrients required to be listed on the new food label's Nutrition Facts Panel that consumers should try to limit in their diets
vitamins
_______ are either fat-soluble or water-soluble.
vitamin d
__________ _ is a nutrient required to be listen on new food labels that consumers may need to increase in their diets
autophagy
a normal body process whereby (old) cells or cell parts are broken down, which stimulated cell renewal and metabolic benefits.
ingredients
a section of the label must include a list of ________, or the individual components of the product, listed in descending order by weight
b
added sugars in a food will be listed on the new nutrition label _____. a. because added sugars are simple carbs which make the digestion process easier b. because added sugars contribute to negative health conditions and should be consumed in very limited quantities c. because added sugars are part of a healthful diet and should be consumed d. to prevent a "sugar rusk" and serve as a warning for children or adults with ADHD
clinical study
alter people's eating habits and examine effects
45-65%, 4kcal/gram
amdr for carbs
20-35%, 9kcal/gram
amdr for fats
10-35%, 4kcal/fram
amdr for protein
kilocalorie
amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1g of water by 1 degree C
a
an agency that regulates the information is the _____. a. Food and drug administration (FDA) b. national institute of health (NIH) c. health and human services department (HHS) d. united states department of agriculture (USDA)
nutrition facts panel
an area of the food label called the ________ ______ ______ provides a nutritional snapshop, including DV, of the food in the package
c
choose the correct statement about major minerals a. folate and nactin are major minerals b. recommended dietary consumption is <100mg/ day c. examples are magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus. d. there are <5mg present in the body e. they include iron, zinc, and copper
labratory study
determine mechanisms of nutrition (metabolism, diet-related diseases, effect of drugs)
macronutrients
energy-yielding nutrients needed in large amounts
UL
exceeding the values listed in this category can cause increased risk of toxicity
weight control, combat health conditions, improve mood, boost energy, better sleep, better sex life, fun and social
exercise leads to improved function of body funcitons, such as:
EER
following this recommended intake value will help maintain energy balance
c
foods are placed into the various groups of MyPlate based upon ____. a. kilocalorie content b. carb content c. nutrient content d. fat content
case study, clinical study, epidemiological study, labrotory study
four types of research designs for nutritional studies
trace minerals
iodine and chromium are examples of _______ ________.
micronutrients
may be inorganic or organic, may be comprised of single elements, required in small amounts
macronutrients
may provide fuel for exercise, source of kilocalories
micronutrients
nutrients needed in smaller amounts
rda
o Average daily intake level required to meet the needs of 97-98% of healthy people in a particular life stage and gender group o Age and gender-specific o Not the same as the % daily values (%DV) on food labels
eer
o Average dietary energy intake to maintain energy balance o Based on age, gender, weight, height, and level of physical activity o Not generous Set to maintain healthy body weight Apply to individuals of particular age, gender, height, weight, and activity level
ul
o Highest average daily intake level that is not likely to have adverse effects on the health of most people o Consumption of a nutrient at levels above the UL is not considered safe o Absence of UL indicates insufficient data
DRIs
o Identify the amount of a nutrient: needed to prevent deficiency disease in healthy people that may reduce the risk of chronic disease that is within the upper level of safety for nutrient intake o Standards in U.S. and Canada o Specific for age, weight and gender (so they are not on food labels) o Sets optimal values for: Vitamins and minerals Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins Fiber, water, and energy
amdr
o Range of recommended energy intake from macronutrients (carbohydrate, fat, and protein, which are the energy-yielding nutrients) o For reduced risk of chronic disease o Provide adequate levels of essential nutrients
epidemiological study
obtain data on large defined populations (use statistics)
new
required on a ___ food label: - added sugars - DV of Vitamin D - DV of Potassium
old
required on an ____ food label: - calories from fat -daily value of Vitamin C
carbs, vitamins, fats and oils, proteins, alcohol
six groups of essential nutrients
DRIs
specific reference values for each nutrient.
health claims
statements that describe a relationship between a food component and a specific health condition are called _______ _______
45-65%
the AMDR for carbohydrates is __-__%
20-35%
the AMDR for fat is __-__%
AI
the __ value for Vitamin K is the intake level assumed to be adequate based on observations of what healthy people consume
RDA
the ___ is determined from the Estimated Average Requirement and meets the requirements of 97-98% of healthy individuals in a particular group
EAR
the ___ is the amount of a given nutrient that will meet the needs of about half of the healthy people in a particular group
net weight
the _____ _______ of a product is listed at the bottom of the package. this info is helpful when comparing products in different types of packaging
c
the average number of calories needed each day to maintain current body weight is ________. a. AMDR b. AI c. EER d. UL
micronutrients
the body requires _______, like minerals, in very small amounts
nutrient content claim
the phrase "excellent source of fiber" is an example of a _______ _______ ________
a
the video talks about a change to the nutrition labels used on US food and beverage products. What trend is driving the label changes a. increase in serving sizes b. decrease in serving sizes c. reduced fiber consumption d. consumption of organic foods
true
true or false? the top portion of the label lists foods that we should limit in our daily diet
AI
values in this category are used when an EAR or RDA can't be provided
EAR
values in this category meet the needs of only 50% of people in a particular group.
c, d
vitamins are classified into types: fat-soluble and water-soluble. Which statements below correctly describe fat- or water-soluble vitamins? a. all excess vitamin intake is stored in the body b. toxicity can easily occur when taking supplements of water-soluble vitamins. c. B-vitamins are water-soluble d. Fat-soluble vitamins do not dissolve in water e. Vitamin a is water-soluble
metabolism
vitamins play an important role in energy ___________.
%DV
what do food labels show
d
what impact does the added sugar and solid fat (in a donut) have on the grouping of a food on into the MyPlate a. wouldn't count toward any group. "Extra" food b. wouldn't count toward any group. empty kcal c. assigned to added sugars and solid fats d. would be grouped based on key nutrients. added wouldnt count toward empty kcals
carbohydrates
when many people think of ________, they imagine potatoes, breads, and cereals, but many foods like dairy, legumes, green vegetables, and fruit also contain this macronutrient
c
which component of the DRI reflects the requirement of a nutrient for 50% of healthy Americans and Canadians in a specific lifestage and gender a. UL b. RDA c. EAR d. AI
b
which components of DRI identify the quantities of various nutrients a person requires to optimize health, prevent deficiency disease, and avoid too much consumption of any nutrient? a. EER and AMDR b. EAR, RDA, AI, UL c. AL, UL, and EER d. RDA, EER, and AMDR
b
which of the following information must be included on food labels? a. the common name of the food, the net weight, and a nutrition facts label b. the common name of the food, the net weight, the manufacturer's name and address, the ingredients, and a nutrition facts panel. c. the net weight, the ingredients, and nutrition facts panel d. the common name of the food, the net weight the manufacturer's name and address, and a nutrition facts panel
b
which of the following is an FDA required component of a food packaging label? a. must include amounts of all vitamins b. must include the common name of the product on the front of the package c. must include a nutrient claim if the product meets the criteria d. include the name of the product on all sides
a
which of the following is not an FDA required component of a food packaging label? a. nutrient claim b. Nutrition Facts Panel c. net weight or volume of the product d. list of ingredients
a
which of the following statements is false? a. in January of 2000, the food allergen labeling and consumer protection act became effective b. a product that contains a product derived from any of the eight allergenic foods or food groups must be clearly stated on the nutrition label c. foods that contain tree nuts or soybeans must be clearly identified on a label. d. foods that contain milk, eggs or shellfish must be clearly identified on a nutrition label
b
which of the following vitamins and minerals is MPT mandatory on a food label? a. Potassium b. Vitamin C c. Vitamin D d. Calcium
b
which provides a significant amount of Vitamin A? a. protein foods b. dairy c. oil d. grains
d
which provides a significant amount of Vitamin C? a. protein foods b. grains c. dairy d. fruits
c
which would peanut butter belong? a. dairy b. veggies c. protein foods d. fruits
