Nutrition final

Where are most digestive enzymes produced?

Pancreas and small intestine

Blood calcium concentration is regulated at the level of the

Parathyroid hormone

Niacin is necessary to prevent the disease

Pellagra

thiamin is distributed in small amounts in many foods. The most nutrient-dense source of thiamin is

Pork

Higher intake of which of the following minerals is associated with lowered blood pressure?

Potassium

Which meal contains foods from all food groups represented in MyPlate?

Refried beans, onions, tomatoes, and cheddar cheese wrapped in a tortilla; orange; and water

George wants to increase his consumption of vitamin A for the possible cancer risk-reducing effects. Which of the following foods should he choose?

Spinach

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient-dense source of potassium?

Squash

Vitamin B-12 is supplied almost entirely by

animal products

Pellagra is characterized by

diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis

__are pouches that protrude through the exterior wall of the large intestine.

diverticula

Water regulates body temperature through heat loss via

evaporation

Water, dietary fiber, bacterial cells, and worn-out intestinal cells are components of

feces

Adequate folate intake for neural tube development is especially important in the ______ trimester.

first

Too much ______ can cause discoloration (mottling) of the teeth.

flouride

A recurrent and serious form of heartburn is called

gastroesophageal reflux disease

Soluble (viscous) fibers

help lower blood cholesterol

A condition characterized by abdominal pain and bloating, diarrhea, and/or constipation is known as

irritable bowel syndrome

Foodborne illness caused by Clostridium perfringens

is usually associated with meat and meat dishes, gravies, and improperly handled leftovers

All of the following are characteristics of cholesterol except

it is an essential nutrient

Generally, ______ are the best sources of folate.

leafy greens, legumes, broccoli

Though most bacteria will grow very slowly in a refrigerator set at 40°F and below, which of the following bacteria does not?

listeria

A typical serving of which food provides the most vitamin A?

liver

he best vitamin B-6 food sources include

meat, fish, and poultry

Food commonly associated with illness caused by Staphylococcus aureus include(s)

meat, poultry, eggs

According to the 3500-kcal rule, adaily deficit of 500 kcal should result in an approximate weight loss of about how many pounds per week?

1 pound

Full term infants are born with some stores of iron. However, the infant's stores of iron generally are depleted by ______ months of age.

4-6

In North America, iron-deficiency anemia would be least-likely in a

45 year old woman

According to current growth charts, an infant will double his birth-weight at about ______ months of age.

5

Weight gain between the ages of 2 and 5 is about ______ pounds per year.

5

Water constitutes ______ percent of body weight.

50-70

Which of the following nutrient standards is referenced on the Nutrition Facts panel of a box of Cheerios™?

Daily value

The process of _______ changes the double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids into single bonds, giving the fat a more solid consistency.

Hydrogenation

What is magnesium's primary function?

nerve and heart function

Excessive sugar intake is related to development of dental caries because

oral bacteria produce acids that dissolve tooth enamel when they metabolize sugars.

Human enzymes digest proteins in which areas of the body?

stomach and small intestine

Which of the following is true about Olestra?

It cannot be digested, therefore it leaves the body.

Which of the following is true about protein?

It is made up of combinations of approximately 20 amino acids.

The study of the ways nutrients and food influence gene expression is called

Nutrigenomics

______ is important for blood health because it is a component of several iron-transport proteins.

copper

Most vitamin A is stored in the

liver

___ obesity is a pattern of body fat distribution that is associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension.

Android

What is the name of the recently FDA-approved obesity treatment device that uses a surgically implanted tube placed into the stomach to drain the stomach contents after every meal?

Aspire assist

When food enters the small intestine, a hormone stimulates the release of ______ from the pancreas.

Bicarbonate

What substance helps suspend fat in a watery digestive mixture, making fat more available to digestive enzymes?

Bile

Missy visits a doctor because she feels tired most of the time, is easily distracted, and feels chilled. As part of her examination, Missy has blood drawn to be tested for concentrations of nutrients and their by-products. This part of the examination is the

Biochemical evaluation

The red blood cells and brain are two body tissues that derive most of their energy from

Carbohydrates

Which of the following is true about the forms of vitamin A?

Carotenoids can be converted to retinoids.

Jeff, a world-class triathlete, visits a dietitian to obtain sports nutrition advice. During his visit, Jeff is asked to recall what he ate for the past 24 hours. Which part of a nutritional assessment is this?

Dietary assessment

Which of the following hormones is released during stressful times to increase blood glucose levels, making more energy available for use?

Epinephrin

Which government agency is responsible for most U.S. food labeling?

FDA

A_____ is the simplest form of lipid; it is a carbon chain, flanked by hydrogens, with an acid group at one end and a methyl group at the other end.

Fatty acid

Which of the following is characteristic of a fad diet?

It promotes quick solutions and rapid weight loss.

Which of the following is true about basal metabolism?

It represents about 60% to 75% of total calories used by a sedentary person during each day.

The foods that provide the largest source of riboflavin in the American diet are

Milk and dairy products

Beriberi is caused by a _______________ deficiency.

Thiamin

Which of the B vitamins contains cobalt?

Vitamin B-12

The "fecal-oral route" refers to:

a person touches feces and is transmitted to the mouth

E coli 0157:H7 produces ____________ that can cause severe illness, including severe bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome.

a toxin

The function of the intrinsic factor is to

absorb vitamin B12

An example of a bariatric surgical procedure used for treating severely or morbidly obese individuals is called

adjustable gastric banding (LAP Band)

Biotin absorption is inhibited by

avidin

Which of the following is an example of a phytochemical?

beta carotene

Among children with kwashiorkor,

calorie intake may be low, but protein intake is severely deficient.

Immediately after a meal, newly absorbed dietary fats appear in the blood as

chylomicrons

A disease that involves fat malabsorption could lead to

osteomalacia

When an essential amino acid is lacking in the diet.

protein synthesis will be limited

The thermic effect of food

represents the calories needed to digest, absorb, and process ingested food.

Symptoms of ______ deficiency include glossitis, dermatitis, cheilosis, eye disorders, sun sensitivity, and confusion.

riboflavin

the Dietary Guidelines recommend limiting intake of ______ to less than 10% of calories.

saturated fatty acids

RDAs are not used in food labeling because

they are age- and gender-specific.

Cell membranes are susceptible to damage by free radicals because

they are composed primarily of polyunsaturated fatty acids

In which form are most dietary lipids found?

triglycerides

When individuals lose weight quickly, most of the weight lost is from

water, glycogen, and muscle tissue.