Nutrition Final

According to the 2020-2025 dietary guidelines for Americans, saturated fat intake should be limited to less than ______% of total daily calories. A) 10 B) 20 C) 5 D) 30

A) 10%

Chase is 22 years old college student. According to the recommendation of the acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR), fat should comprise ______% of his total energy intake each day. A) 20 to 35 B) 5 to 10 C) 35 to 45 D) 10 to 20

A) 20 to 35

Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of phytochemicals? A) Blueberries B) Tuna C) Chicken D) Margarine

A) Blueberries

Scientist who investigate lifestyle factors that influence the prevalence of obesity among different population groups are conducting a(n)_______ study. A) epidemiological B) pathological C) in vitro D) technological

A) Epidemiological

Cameron was born with a condition that requires him to limit eating foods that contain phenylalanine. Based on this information, Cameron has __________. A) PKU B) amino acid toxicity syndrome C) cystic fibrosis D) IBD

A) PKU

Which of the following menu items has ingredients that represent all MyPlate food groups? A) Salad made with hard-cooked eggs, grapes, leaf lettuce, cooked pasta, and cheddar cheese. B) ready to eat cereal with strawberries, blueberries, wheat germ, and fat free milk. C) sandwich made with Swiss cheese, cooked ham, mayonnaise, and two slices of buttered whole wheat bread. D) smoothie made with vanilla yogurt, low-fat milk, orange juice, wheat germ, and fresh peaches

A) Salad made with hard-cooked eggs, grapes, leaf lettuce, cooked pasta, and cheddar cheese.

Lucia's three-year-old daughter has been vomiting frequently over the past two hours and she is worried. Lucia is trying to decide whether or not to contact her daughters pediatrician. Which of the following would be reason to contact the pediatricians office? A) all of these choices are correct B) fever C) vomiting lasting longer than a few hours D) severe abdominal pain

A) all these choices are correct

Derek takes protein supplements before and after his workouts. He told his workout partner that he became 200% stronger within a couple of months after he added the supplements to his diet. His report about the effects of the supplements is an example of a(an) ________. A) anecdote B) case report C) variable D) factoid

A) anecdote

The thiamin-deficiency disease is known as __________. A) beriberi B) dengue fever C) pellagra D) rickets

A) beriberi

Which of the following is an example of a mechanical digestion in the G.I. tract? A) chewing food up into smaller pieces in the mouth. B) salivary amylase breaking down starch in the mouth. C) gastrin stimulating HCI production in the stomach. D) pancreatic lipase breaking down fat in the small intestine.

A) chewing food up into smaller pieces in the mouth.

__________ is a condition characterized by the accumulation of scar tissue in the liver leading to its irreversible damage. A) cirrhosis of the liver B) metabolic syndrome C) BAC D) Type 2 diabetes

A) cirrhosis of the liver

Vitamin C enhances the absorption of ___________. A) iron B) niacin C) riboflavin D) calcium

A) iron

polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS) __________. A) is characterized by imbalances in reproductive hormones. B) is associated with improvements in insulin sensitivity. C) contributes to improved fertility. D) is associated with frequent hypoinsulinemia

A) is characterized by imbalances in reproductive hormones.

Duncan's diet contains high amount of protein and fat, but is very slow in carbohydrates. As a result of following this diet, Duncan's body forms more ________. A) ketone bodies B) glycogen stores C) muscle fibers D) vitamin c

A) ketone bodies

ATP synthesis occurs in which of the following organelles? A) mitochondrion B) endoplasmic reticulum C) Golgi apparatus D) lysosome

A) mitochondrion

Every amino acid has _____ in its chemical structure. A) nitrogen B) iron C) chloride D) potassium

A) nitrogen

Which of the following statements describe pancreatic lipase? A) pancreatic lipase is secreted into the duodenum and is necessary for fat digestion. B) pancreatic lipase is secreted from the ileum and is necessary for lipoprotein synthesis. C) pancreatic lipase is a component of bile salts and is necessary for cholesterol digestion. D)pancreatic lipase is stored in the gall badder and is necessary for fat digestion.

A) pancreatic lipase is secreted into the duodenum and is necessary for fat digestion.

_______________ are water-soluble vitamins. A) pantothenic acid, vitamin C, and thiamin B) thiamin, vitamin K, and niacin C) vitamin D, A, and E D) vitamin A, riboflavin, and vitamin C

A) pantothenic acid, vitamin C, and thiamin

_________ contribute to the flexibility, structure, and proper functioning of cell membranes. A) phospholipids B) fat-soluble vitamins C) saturated fatty acids D) carbohydrates

A) phospholipids

Which of the following nutrients help the body maintain normal fluid balance? A) potassium B) Iron C) fluoride D) copper

A) potassium

Maintenance of a normal intercellular fluid volume depends on largely on the intracellular concentration of _________ ions. A) potassium and phosphate B) oxide and nitride C) hydride and iodide D) sulfide and bromide

A) potassium and phosphate

Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin C? A) Red peppers B) whole-wheat bagel C) chicken breast D) Greek yogurt

A) red peppers

Which of the following is the best food source of beta-carotene? A) sweet potato B) egg C) salmon D) apple

A) sweet potato

Phosphorus is involved in all the following body functions EXCEPT ____________. A) transmission of nerve impulses B) synthesis of DNA and RNA C) activation of enzymes and hormones necessary for energy metabolism. D) regulation of acid-based balance

A) transmission of nerve impulses

Gabrielle is due to give birth to a boy in March. Before she became pregnant, Gabrielle weighted 140 pounds, which was the healthy BMI range for her height. Based on this information, her physician will recommend that she gain ________ pounds during her pregnancy. A) 35 to 45 B) 25 to 35 C) 15 to 25 D) 10 to 20

B) 25 to 35

The pre-conception is the _________ window of time before pregnancy. A) 6-month B) 3-month C) 1-month D) 1-year

B) 3-month

ATP is converted into _________ when the last high-energy bond on the ATP molecule is cleaved. A) NAD B) ADP C) AMP D) adenosine

B) ADP

Instructions for making proteins are coded in a cell's __________. A) plasma membrane B) DNA C) Golgi apparatus D) ribosome

B) DNA

Which of the following foods is most nutrient dense-per serving? A) soft margarine B) Fat-free milk C) Cheese nachos D) Iceberg lettuce

B) Fat-free milk

Routine vitamin C supplementation____________. A) reduces the risk of kidney stones. B) May reduce the duration of cold symptoms by a day or so. C) prevents common colds among the general population. D) prevents Alzheimer's disease.

B) May reduce the duration of cold symptoms by a day or so.

Which of the following statements is false? A) websites with EDU in their addresses often provide reliable nutrition information. B) The Internet is generally a reliable source of nutrition information, because information posted websites has been peer-reviewed. C) in general, personal websites, such as blogs, or not reliable sources of nutritional information. D) when evaluating claims of dietary supplement that appears on a website, be wary of products that include promises for quick remedies.

B) The Internet is generally a reliable source of nutrition information, because information posted at websites has been peer-reviewed

Which of the following foods contains the most magnesium? A) sweet potato, brown rice, soy milk B) Wheat bran, green veggies, nuts, chocolate, legumes

B) Wheat bran, green veggies, nuts, chocolate, legumes

Yolanda is eating a peanut butter and jelly sandwich for lunch. She has taken a bite of the sandwich and begun chewing the sticky sandwich. What's the buy of sandwich has been chewed, moistened, and mixed with saliva, it is called? A) chyme B) a bolus C) peristalsis D) a pharynx

B) a bolus

Which of the following is an example of a potential carcinogen? A) whole milk B) alcohol C) whole wheat bread D) omega-3 fatty acids

B) alcohol

When planning for pregnancy, which of the following lifestyle choices can increase the chances of a healthy pregnancy? A) exercising regularly B) all of these choices are correct C) consuming a nutritionally adequate diet. D) having a healthy body composition.

B) all of these choices are correct

A/an ________ amino acid is one that is normally nonessential, but becomes essential under certain conditions. A) dispensable B) conditionally essential C) essential D) indispensable

B) conditionally essential

A person suffering from celiac disease must avoid ___________. A) taking dietary supplements that contain homocysteine. B) consuming foods that contain gluten C) lying down after meals D) eating foods that contain phenylalanine

B) consuming foods that contain gluten

Which of the following provides the most lactose? A) cottage cheese, 1/2 cup B) cows milk, 1 cup C) yogurt, 1 cup D) half-and-half, 1/2 cup

B) cows milk, 1 cup

Which of the following foods groups include foods that are rich sources of riboflavin? A) oils B) dairy C) fruits D) vegetable

B) dairy

During glucose catabolism, pyruvate is produced during which of the following metabolic pathways? A) citric acid cycle B) glycolysis C) cytochrome C D) Electron transport chain

B) glycolysis

A diet that supplies adequate amounts of nutrients prevents ________. A) Storage of fat soluble vitamins in body fat B) nutrient-deficiency disorders C) saturation of cells with nutrients D) storage of minerals in bone

B) nutrient-deficiency disorders

Which of the following is NOT a requirement to become a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN)? A) obtain a degree from an accredited college B) obtain a culinary certificate of training C) Pass a national exam D) complete extensive supervised practice hours

B) obtain a Colaneri certificate of training

The placenta ________. A) transfers sperm to the egg so fertilization can occur. B) transfers nutrients and oxygen from the mother's bloodstream to the embryo/fetus. C) filters viruses and toxins from the mothers bloodstream, preventing them from reaching the embryo/fetus. D) synthesize the essential micronutrients and that the embryo/fetus requires for growth and development.

B) transfers nutrients and oxygen from the mother's bloodstream to the embryo/fetus.

Intrinsic factor is needed to absorb ___________. A) vitamin B-6 B) vitamin B-12 C) vitamin C D) vitamin A

B) vitamin B-12

According to the 2020-2025 dietary guardlines for Americans, healthy adults should consume_____________. A) less than 400 mg cholesterol/day B) no cholesterol C) As little cholesterol as possible while following a healthy diet D) less than 200 mg cholesterol/day

C) As little cholesterol as possible while following a healthy diet

Which of the following substances is a lipid that is necessary for the proper development of an infant's nervous system? A) trans fat B) EDTA C) DHA D) alanine

C) DHA

Which of the following statements is true? A) to remain healthy, your fasting blood glucose level should always be at least 140 mg/dl B) people who have excess body fat or more likely to develop type one diabetes than type two diabetes. C) excessive thirst and frequent urination are signs of diabetes. D) A healthy person's hemoglobin A1c level is greater than 7.5%

C) Excessive thirst in frequent urination or signs of diabetes

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that is NOT supply any energy of the human body? A) Protein B) carbohydrates C) vitamin D D) Fat

C) Vitamin D

During beta-oxidation, fatty acids are broken down into two-carbon molecules that are converted into ___________. A) glycerol B) oxaloacetate C) acetyl CoA D) pyruvate

C) acetyl CoA

Which of the following can be metabolized for energy by human cells? A) vitamins B) minerals C) alcohol D) water

C) alcohol

Which of the following factors can impact the body's fluid balance? A) sodium intake B) exercise habits C) all of these are correct D) environmental temperature and humidity

C) all of these choices are correct

Which of the following sources of oil's would be recommended as part of a healthy diet? A) Lard B) shortening C) avocado D) butter

C) avocado

If your diet supplies more sugar and starch then you need, the excess can be A) metabolized to form urea and excreted by the kidneys. B) eliminated in feces. C) converted to fat and stored. D) converted to proteins that are metabolized for energy.

C) converted into fat and stored

By weight, foods high in ________ have the highest energy density. A) protein B) carbohydrates C) fat D) alcohol

C) fat

A fasting blood LDL cholesterol level of 165 mg/dL is considered _________. A) borderline high B) optimal C) high D) near optimal

C) high

The _________ is the third segment of the small intestine. A) colon B) jejunum C) ileum D) duodenum

C) ileum

Which of the following statements describes lactic acid? A) lactic acid is made from acetyl CoA B) lactic acid is a two-carbon molecule C) lactic acid is made under anaerobic conditions D) lactic acid is primary source of energy in the human body

C) lactic acid is made under anaerobic conditions

Each of the following is characteristic of a ketogenic diet except _________. A) moderate to low in protein B) very low in carbohydrates C) low in fat

C) low in fat

In general, compared to green fed beef, grass fed beef often has _________. A) more saturated fat B) more total fat C) more omega-3 fatty acids D) more simple sugars

C) more omega-3 fatty acids

Which of the following statements is true? A) According to MyPlate, all foods that provide empty calories should be avoided. B) olives, salmon, and avocados are a source of unhealthy solid fats. C) most food guides classified eggs in the protein foods group. D) food guidelines generally classify butter in the food group that includes milk and eggs.

C) most food guides classified eggs in the protein foods group.

The vitamin effective in treating pellagra is A) ascorbic acid B) vitamin k C) niacin D) biotin

C) niacin

__________ are water-soluble vitamins. A) pantothenic acid, vitamin A, and choline B) Vitamin K, D, and E C) niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin D) vitamin B-12, B-6, and E

C) niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin

Although Jerome and Joseph are the same age, weight and height; Jerome requires more vitamin C than Joseph. This is an example of ________. A) nutrigenomics B) nutrifanatics C) nutrigenetics D) nurltripronomics

C) nutrigenetics

Adding a small amount of _____ to cooked vegetables can enhance the intestinal tract's ability to absorb the fat-soluble vitamins they contain. A) water B) sugar C) olive oil D) red wine

C) olive oil

Which mineral is the primary positively charged ion in the intracellular fluid? A) zinc B) sodium C) potassium D) chloride

C) potassium

Food guides usually classify sunflower and other seeds in the ________ group. A) fruits B) grains C) protein D) dairy

C) protein

You would like to make chicken soup for a friend who has celiac disease. To make the soup according to the recipe, you need to cook chicken, celery, onions, barley, salt, pepper, bay leaf, and carrots in a large amount of water. Based on this information, how can you make the soup safe for your friend to eat? A) Add some wine to denature the chicken protein. B) Omit the salt and include a beef bouillon cube. C) replace the barley with rice. D) Avoid adding the bay leaf.

C) replace the barley with rice

Oatmeal is a particularly rich source of _________ fiber. A) oligosaccharide B) nondigestible C) soluble D) insoluble

C) soluble

Which of the following vitamins is most important as an antioxidant? A) vitamin B-6 B) riboflavin C) vitamin C D) niacin

C) vitamin C

approximately how many grams of carbohydrates are in a sugar sweet and beverage that supplies 240 kcals and contains no fiber, fat, protein, or alcohol? A) 40 grams of carbohydrate B) 50 grams of carbohydrates C) 30 grams of carbohydrates D) 60 grams of carbohydrates

D) 60 grams of carbohydrates

Which of the following sources of information features peer reviewed articles? A) National Geographic Magazine B) Men's Health Magazine C) Nutrition and You: Health for Life D) Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

D) Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

Which of the following is a macronutrient? A) Sodium B) Vitamin C C) Calcium D) Protein

D) Protein

A primary function of the digestive system is the A) destruction of toxic metabolic by-products B) Production of red blood cells C) transmission of nervous impulses D) breakdown of food into nutrients

D) breakdown of food into nutrients

Which of the following minerals is necessary for proper muscle contraction? A) selenium B) aluminum C) cesium D) calcium

D) calcium

Starting as chyme enters the large intestine, which of the following lists the correct order of selections of a large intestine? A) ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, cecum, sigmoid colon. B) descending colon, cecum, transverse colon, ascending colon, sigmoid colon. C) sigmoid colon, ascending colon, descending colon, transverse colon, cecum. D) cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon.

D) cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon.

_________ is the primary anion found in extra cellular fluid. A) sodium B) magnesium C) potassium D) chloride

D) chloride

Which of the following websites is most likely A source of biased and unreliable nutrition information? A) choosemyplate.gov B) eatright.org C) Stanford.edu D) dietsnomore4u.com

D) dietsnomore4u.com

The results of a research study indicates that those adults who consume the most sugar sweetened beverages also have the highest rate of type two diabetes. These findings suggest there is a(n) ________ correlation between sugar sweetened beverages consumption and risk of type two diabetes. A) random B) observational C) indirect D) direct

D) direct

Which of the following foods is a natural source of vitamin D? A) dark orange and yellow vegetables B) whole-grain breads and cereals C) fresh fruit D) fatty fish and fish oils

D) fatty fish and fish oils

Pregnant women generally need to take a supplement that contains _________. A) oxytocin B) protein C) conjugated fatty acids D) folic acid

D) folic acid

According to 2020-2025 dietary guidelines for Americans, a healthy eating pattern includes foods _________. A) from all six food groups including oils and saturated fats. B) High in saturated fat, sodium, and added sugars. C) and beverages that are energy dense. D) from all five food groups and oils but limits saturated fats, added sugars and sodium.

D) from all five food groups and oils but limits saturated fats, added sugars and sodium.

Which of the following is an example of an anabolic pathway? A) deamination B) beta-oxidation C) glycolysis D) glycogenesis

D) glycogenesis

__________ is condition associated with vitamin D deficiency in adults that is characterized by softening of the bones. A) rickets B) osteoporosis C) melanin D) osteomalacia

D) osteomalacia

The chemical attraction between the acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid can form a __________. A) glycosidic B) partially-hydrogenated protein C) fatty acid chain D) peptide bond

D) peptide bond

The wave of muscular contractions that propels A bolus of food from the mouth, down the esophagus, and into the stomach is called _________. A) segmentation B) facilitated diffusion C) diuresis D) peristalsis

D) peristalsis

According to the 2020-2025 dietary guidelines for Americans which of the following minerals is a " nutrient of public health concern?" A) copper B) sodium C) magnesium D) potassium

D) potassium

The __________ is the primary site of vitamin absorption. A) liver B) stomach C) large intestine D) small intestine

D) small intestine

Which of the following substances complex carbohydrate? A) high-fructose corn syrup B) carbon dioxide C) glucose D) starch

D) starch

During pregnancy, edema can be sign of a serious health problem if __________. A) morning sickness, heartburn, and fatigue also occur. B) weight loss and morning sickness also occur. C) the swelling is limited to the hands and feet. D) the swelling is accompanied by hypertension and protein in the urine.

D) the swelling is accompanied by hypertension and protein in the urine.

The human body can absorb some of the ________ that is synthesized by intestinal bacteria. A) vitamin A B) Riboflavin C) thiamin D) vitamin K

D) vitamin K

Which of the following observation is an example of an inverse correlation? A) when children eat three or more servings of fruit and vegetables a day, their blood levels of vitamin C increase. B) as children increase their physical activity level, they develop greater muscle mass then children who are less active. C) when pregnant women gain more weight than average, they are more likely to give birth to babies who are heavier than average. D) when members of a population increases their consumption of milk and milk products, the risk of bone fractures decreases.

D) when members of a population increase their consumption of milk and milk products, their risk of bone fractures decrease.

Chinga made with sugar alcohols contributes to tooth decay? T or F

False

Human breast milk is an excellent source of vitamin D. As such, infants who are exclusively breastfed are at low risk for developing rickets. T or F

False

Hypoglycemia is a condition that occurs when blood glucose level is too high? T or F

False

The placenta prevents nicotine from entering the embryo/fetus. T or F

False

The sulfur-containing amino acids are found only in animal foods, such as eggs and milk. T or F

False

What's the digestive system organs or organ component in the proper order, according to its function during the process of digestion and absorption.

Stomach Pyloric sphincter Duodenum Jejunum Ileum

A carcinogen is any environmental factor such as asbestos, tobacco smoke, radiation, or a virus that triggers cancer. T or F

True

According to the developmental origins of health and disease concept, the nutritional environment during fetal development may impact disease susceptibility later in life. T or F

True

An unpleasant physical reaction following consumption of sulfites is considered a food intolerance because it does not trigger the body's immune response? T or F

True

Attractive displays at the end of supermarket aisles are designed to direct shoppers to pricier items and increase sales. T or F

True

Consuming excessive amounts of protein can lead to increased accumulation of body fat. T or F

True

The body needs magnesium to maintain a healthy immune system. T or F

True

The difference between one triglycerides and another resides in the type of fatty acids attached to each glycerol. True or false

True

The process of adding vitamins A and D to milk is called fortification? T or F

True

To reduce the risk of stroke in patients who cannot tolerate statins, physicians may prescribe megadoses of niacin supplements to reduce the elevated LDL cholesterol level in their blood. T or F

True

Vitamin E is involved in maintaining immune system function. T or F

True

When a person consumes a large amount of coffee, tea, and/or soft drinks, the caffeine in these beverages acts as a diuretic and increase urine output. T or F

True