Nutrition Module 1
Recommended Dietary Allowances are based on the...
Estimated Average Requirement
What entity coordinates nutrition-related activities of federal agencies?
National Nutrition Monitoring Program
A health magazine contacted you for your expert opinion on what measure best describes the amounts of nutrients that should be consumed by the population. Your reply should be...
The Recommended Dietary Allowances because they represent the average daily amount of a nutrient considered adequate to meet the known nutrient needs of practically all healthy people.
How much energy is required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water one degree celsius?
1 kilocalorie
How many vitamins are known to be required in the diet of humans?
13
How many minerals are known to be required in the diet of human beings?
16
What is the AMDR for fat?
20-35%
A diet provides a total of 2200 kcalories of which 40% of the energy is from fat and 20% from protein. How many grams of carbohydrate are contained in the diet?
220
The complete lining of a person's digestive tract is renewed approximately every...
3-5 days
Of the ten leading causes of illness and death, how many are associated directly with nutrition?
4
Approximately how many nutrients are considererd indispensable in the diet?
40
What is the AMDR for protein?
40-45%
What is the AMDR for carbohydrate?
45-65%
Bob consumes about 2500 kcalories per day, whcih is apportioned as 150 g of fat, 140 g of carboohydrate, and 150 g of protein. What would be the appropriate revisions to help Bob adjust his nutrient intake so that it matches the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges?
70 g fat, 156 g protein, 313 g carbohydrate
Which of the following individuals is most likely to possess the least amount of nutrition training?
A. Dietetic Technician B. Registered Dietician C. Certified Nutritionist * D. Dietetic Technician, Registered
Which of the following represents a food choice based on negative association?
A. a tourist from China who rejects a hamburger due to unfamiliarity. B. a child who spits out mashed potatoes because they taste too salty. C. a teenager who grudgingly accepts an offer for an ice cream cone to avoid offending a close friend. D. an elderly gentleman who refuses a peanut butter and jelly sandwich because he deems it a child's food.
Which of the following is an anthropometric measure?
A. body weight * B. blood pressure C. blood iron level D. food intake information
All of the following features are shared by the RDA and the AI except...
A. both are included in the DRI. B. both serve as nutrient intake goals for individuals. C. neither covers 100% of the population's nutrient needs. D. neither is useful for evaluating nutrition programs for groups of people. *
All of the following are minimum requirements for becoming a Registered Dietitian except...
A. earning an undergraduate degree B. completing up to three-week clinical internship or the equivalent* C. completing approximately 60 semester hours in nutrition and food science. D. passing a national examination administered by the American Dietetic Association
Gram for gram, which of the following provides the most energy?
A. fat B. alcohol C. proteins D. carbohydrates
All of the following are classified as macronutrients except...
A. fat B. protein C. calcium D. carbohydrate
Which of the following is an organic nutrient?
A. fat * B. water C. calcium D. oxygen
Which of the following is not one of the six classes of nutrients?
A. fiber B. protein C. minerals D. vitamins
Which of the following is classified as a micronutrient?
A. iron * B. protein C. alcohol D. carbohydrate
Terms that describe a food that provides health benefits beyond its nutrient contribution include all of the following except...
A. neutraceutical B. designer food C. functional food D. phytonutritional food *
All of the following are results of making poor food choices except...
A. over the long term, they will reduce lifespan in some people. B. they can promote heart disease and cancer over the long term. C. over the long term, they will not affect lifespan in some people. D. when made over just a single day, they exert great harm to yoru health.
The percentage of kcalorie intakes for protein, fat, and carbohydrate that are thought to reduce the risk of chronic diseases ar termed the...
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR)
The RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowances) for nutrients are generally...
designed to meet the needs of almost all healthy people
A person viewing an exciting sports match of her favorite team and eating because of nervousness would be displaying a food choice behavior most likely based on...
emotional comfort
In nutrition research, observations of the quantities and types of foods eaten by groups of people and the health status of those groups are known as...
epidemiological studies
A clinical trial must involve...
human beings as subjects
In the scientific method, a tentative solution to a problem is called the...
hypothesis
What would most likely lead to a primary nutrient deficiency?
inadequate nutrient intake
What is the greatest contribution to deaths in the United States?
tobacco
What type of nutrients cannot add fat to the body?
inoragnic nutrients
What is NOT a characteristic of the vitamins?
inorganic
A subclinical nutrient deficiency is defined as one that...
is in the early stages
Food energy is commonly expressed in kcalories and in...
kilojoules
International units of energy are expressed in...
kilojoules
What are used to determine the presence of abnormal functions inside the body due to a nutrient deficiency?
laboratory tests
An essential nutrient is one that cannot be...
made in sufficient quantities by the body
Nonnutrient substances found in plant foods that show biological activity in the body are commonly known as...
phytochemicals
The Dietary Reference Intakes may be used to...
plan and evaluate diets for healthy people
A parent who offers a child a favorite snack as a reward for good behavior is displaying a food behavior known as...
positive association
Overeating and gaining body weight is an example of a...
positive correlation
The smallest amount of a nutrient that is consumed over a prolonged period that maintains a specific function is called the nutrient...
requirement
Factors known to be related to a disease but not proven to be causal are called...
risk factors
What is a purpose of both the RDA and AI?
setting nutrient goals for individuals
What is a feature of the minerals as nutrients?
some become dissolved in body fluids
What defines the association between a risk factor and the development of a disease?
the more risk factors for a disease, the greater the chance of developing that disease
What is not a feature of the Adequate Intake (AI) and the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)?
the percentage of people covered is known for both values
What is the major weakness of laboratory-based study?
the results cannot be applied to human beings
Describe the legal limitations, if any, for a person who disseminates dietary advice to the public?
a license to practice as a nutritionist or dietitian is required by some states
Who would be the most appropriate person to consult regarding nutrition information?
a registered dietician
What is the benefit of using placebos in an experiment?
all subjects receive a treatment
Your friend Julie took a daily supplement of vitamin C and stated that she felt a lot better. Her experience is best described as a(n)...
anecdote
Recommended Dietary Allowances may be used to...
assess dietary nutrient adequacy for individuals
What is the benefit of using a large sample size in an experiment?
chance variation is ruled out
The motive for a person who alters his diet due to religious convictions is most likely his...
values
Describe the composition of most foods
contain mixtures of the three energy nutrients, although only one or two may predominate
What is an overt symptom of iron deficiency?
headaches
What is the chief reason people chose the foods they eat?
taste