Nutrition: Vitamins and Minerals

Beriberi

Thiamin

Night Blindness

Vitamin A

Pernicious anemia

Vitamin B-12

Vitamin supplements are sometimes used by the general public for preventive and/or therapeutic purposes. Of the following medicinal uses of vitamin megadoses, which is the only one for which scientific research indicates there is some benefit?

Vitamin C to lessen signs and symptoms of the common cold

Osteomalacia

Vitamin D

Rickets

Vitamin D

Vitamins

are organic molecules.

Vitamin K

assists with blood clotting

Vitamin E

donates electrons to neutralize free radicals

Which of the following practices may reduce your risk of cancer?

eating fruits and vegetables

To reduce the likelihood of giving birth to babies with neural tube defects, women of childbearing age should obtain adequate

folate

Megadoses of vitamins

may be toxic.

Major food sources of vitamin B-12 include

meat and milk products

Diets that lack niacin can lead to

pellagra

Children who lack vitamin D can develop

rickets

The primary source of sodium in the typical American's diet is

salt

The vitamin content of a vegetable can be affected by

soil composition, the vegetable's maturity when harvested, and sunlight exposure

People who are unable to absorb fat are likely to develop a ______ deficiency.

vitamin A

Lack of vitamin ______ causes scurvy.

C

Laura lives in a community that does not have fluoridated water. Which of the following actions can Laura take to boost her fluoride intake?

Drink tea

Vitamin B-6

Important for hemoglobin synthesis

Vitamin A

Important for vision

Which of the following statements is false?

In the United States, milk is usually fortified with iodide

Which nutrient is not technically classified as a vitamin, but is referred to as "vitamin-like"?

Choline

Food preparation and storage methods may result in considerable losses of minerals in foods. Select all of the statements that apply to food handling methods that can result in such losses.

Cooking in large amounts of water results in minerals leaching into the water

Vitamin D

Increases calcium and phosphorus deposition in bones

Pellagra

Niacin

Some dietary fat helps the body absorb fat-soluble nutrients, including the provitamin beta-carotene. Most fruits and vegetables that are good sources of beta-carotene are low in fat or fat-free. How can you enhance the body's absorption of beta-carotene when preparing low-fat foods that contain this provitamin?

You can add olive oil or margarine to vegetables after they are cooked.

Most B vitamins function as a component of

coenzymes