Nutritional Needs
Fatty acid
What is a chemical chain containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that is the basic component of all lipids?
Amino acid
What is a chemical compound that serves as a building block of proteins?
Nutrient
What is a chemical substance in food that helps maintain the body?
Phytochemical
What is a compound from plants that is active in the human body?
Osteoporosis
What is a condition resulting from a calcium deficiency, which is characterized by porous, brittle bones?
Night blindness
What is a condition resulting from a vitamin A deficiency, which is characterized by a reduced ability to see in dim light?
Anemia
What is a condition resulting from deficiencies of various nutrients, which is characterized by a reduced number of red blood cells in the bloodstream?
Protein-energy malnutrition
What is a condition that may result from a diet that doesn't contain enough protein and calories?
Beriberi
What is a disease of the nervous system resulting from a thiamin deficiency, which is characterized by numbness in the ankles and legs followed by severe cramping and paralysis?
Pellagra
What is a disease resulting from a niacin deficiency, which is characterized by a raw and inflamed skin rash, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dementia, and paralysis?
Rickets
What is a disease resulting from a vitamin D deficiency, which is characterized by crooked legs and misshapen breast bones in children?
Cholesterol
What is a fatlike substance that occurs naturally in the body and is found in every cell but occurs only in foods of animal origin?
Trans fatty acid
What is a fatty acid with an odd molecular shape that is created in hydrogenated oils and found naturally in dairy products, beef, and lamb?
Fortified food
What is a food to which nutrients are added in amounts greater than what would naturally occur in food?
Fiber
What is a form of complex carbohydrate from plants that humans cannot digest?
Malnutrition
What is a lack of the right proportions of nutrients over an extended period, which can be caused by an inadequate diet or the body's inability to use the nutrients taken in?
Trace element
What is a mineral needed in the diet in amounts less than 100 milligrams per day?
Macromineral
What is a mineral needed in the diet in amounts of 100 or more milligrams each day?
Saliva
What is a mucus- and enzyme-containing liquid secreted by the mouth that makes food easier to swallow and begins to break down starches?
Hydrogenation
What is a process by which hydrogen atoms are chemically added to unsaturated fatty acids in liquid oils to turn the oils into more highly saturated solid fats?
Dietary supplement
What is a purified nutrient or nonnutrient substance that is manufactured or extracted from natural sources?
Dietary antioxidant
What is a substance in foods that significantly reduces the harmful effects of oxygen on normal body functions?
Goiter
What is a visible enlargement of the thyroid gland resulting from an iodine deficiency?
Fat-soluble vitamin
What is a vitamin that dissolves in fats and can be stored in the fatty tissues of the body?
Water-soluble vitamin
What is a vitamin that dissolves in water and isn't stored in the body to any great extent?
Deficiency disease
What is an illness caused by the lack of a sufficient amount of a nutrient?
Scurvy
What is disease resulting from a vitamin C deficiency, which is characterized by bleeding gums, loss of teeth, and internal bleeding?
Hypertension
What is high blood pressure?
Fat
What is one of the six basic types of nutrients that is an important energy source?
Mineral
What is one of the six basic types of nutrients that is an inorganic substance and becomes part of the bones, tissues, and body fluids?
Protein
What is one of the six basic types of nutrients that is required for growth, repair, and maintenance of every body cell?
Vitamin
What is one the six basic types of nutrients that is complex organic substance needed by the body in small amounts for normal growth, maintenance, and reproduction?
Carbohydrate
What is one the six basic types of nutrients that is the body's chief source of energy?
Digestion
What is the bodily process of breaking food down into simpler compounds the body can use?
Metabolism
What is the chemical processes that take place in the cells after the body absorbs nutrients?
Glucose
What is the form of sugar carried in the bloodstream for energy use throughout the body?
Absorption
What is the process of taking nutrients into the body and making them part of the body?
Nutrition
What is the study of how the body uses the nutrients in foods?
Peristalsis
What is waves of muscle contractions that push food through the digestive tract?