OB Test 4
47) ________ bargaining is negotiation that seeks to divide a fixed amount of goods or services. A) Distributive B) Integrative C) Reflective D) Affective E) Conjunctive
Answer: A
49) When an appraiser rates employees based on items on a continuum with the points reflecting actual behaviors on a given job, this type of evaluation is called ________. A) BARS B) critical incident C) graphic rating scale D) group order ranking E) assessment center evaluation
Answer: A
50) In case of distributive bargaining, the ________ point marks the lowest outcome that is acceptable—the point below which the party would break off negotiations rather than accept a less favorable settlement. A) resistance B) tolerance C) target D) focal E) distribution
Answer: A
90) If the aspiration ranges of two parties overlap, then a settlement range for the conflict exists.
Answer: True
90) Intergroup development seeks to change groups' attitudes, stereotypes, and perceptions that groups have of each other.
Answer: True
25) ________ is a conflict-handling technique in which the parties in a conflict each desire to satisfy fully the concerns of all parties. A) Collaborating B) Competing C) Accommodating D) Avoiding E) Compromising
Answer: A
23) Assertiveness indicates the degree to which ________. A) one party attempts to satisfy his or her own concerns B) one party attempts to suppress the conflict C) the parties attempt to find a win-win solution D) one party attempts to satisfy the other party's concerns E) the parties are willing to involve a third party in conflict resolution
Answer: A
13) Which of the following is most likely to result from a strong organizational culture? A) low employee turnover B) low employee satisfaction C) low organizational commitment D) high absenteeism E) low behavioral control resulting from the climate within the organization
Answer: A
13) Which of the following tends to have a disproportionate amount of influence on employee selection decisions? A) interview B) written test C) performance-simulation test D) work sampling method E) personality test
Answer: A
14) Applicants describe how they handled specific problems and situations in previous jobs in a(n) ________ interview. A) behavioral structured B) audition-type C) performance-simulation D) problem-solving E) reflection
Answer: A
16) A culture that expresses the core values that are shared by a majority of the organization's members is known as a(n) ________ culture. A) dominant B) primary C) fundamental D) unique E) essential
Answer: A
16) The behavioral structured interview is built on the assumption that ________. A) past behavior is the best predictor of future behavior B) technical knowledge and skills are the best predictor of job performance C) personality is the best predictor of job performance D) personality and mood are highly correlated E) technical knowledge and job performance are highly correlated
Answer: A
17) The ________ refers to the number of subordinates that a manager directs. A) span of control B) unity of command C) chain of command D) line of responsibility E) leadership web
Answer: A
17) Which of the following is an example of an organizational source of resistance to change? A) limited focus of change B) security C) fear of the unknown D) selective information processing E) habit
Answer: A
18) A ________ is consistent with recent efforts by companies to reduce costs, cut overhead, speed up decision making, increase flexibility, get closer to customers, and empower employees. A) wider span of control B) high degree of formalization C) longer chain of command D) lack of work specialization E) high degree of centralization
Answer: A
19) In order to assess the management skills of the applicants, Scarlet should ________. A) use an assessment center B) verify the applicants' job histories C) conduct a medical test D) conduct a drug test E) conduct a behavioral assessment test
Answer: A
19) Stage II of the conflict process deals with the conflict being ________. A) perceived and felt B) apparent and experienced C) expressed and resolved D) analyzed E) internalized
Answer: A
2) Charlie Woods started working for E-Z Freeze, a major frozen food company, as a college intern. Most recently, Charlie had held the position of VP Marketing. Now however, as a result of a change in corporate leadership, Charlie finds himself unemployed for the first time in decades. Looking for a new job has been an eye-opening experience for Charlie. He has been especially frustrated with his lack of success in getting even a call back for the applications he has completed online. Which of the following best describes why Charlie may not be getting the initial feedback he thinks he should be receiving? A) His online applications don't have the right keywords. B) His background checks have been negative. C) He is unwilling to relocate. D) He lacks cross-company experience. E) He lacks cultural diversity.
Answer: A
20) After restructuring, your division has had trouble filling the open positions with appropriate candidates. The selection processes used by human resources have not yet adjusted to the new criteria required for the restructured job positions. This problem is an example of which kind of resistance to change? A) structural inertia B) limited focus of change C) group inertia D) threat to expertise E) threat to established power relationships
Answer: A
20) Anna's company needs to dramatically cut costs, speed decision making, and increase flexibility. Which of the following structural decisions will help her achieve the desired objectives? A) increasing the span of control B) decreasing the unity of command C) increasing the degree of formalization D) decentralizing management decisions E) departmentalizing the company on the basis of products
Answer: A
24) When one person seeks to satisfy his or her own interests regardless of the impact on the other parties to the conflict, that person is using the conflict-handling intention of ________. A) competing B) avoiding C) accommodating D) compromising E) collaborating
Answer: A
25) ________ refers to the shared perceptions organizational members have about their organization and work environment. A) Organizational climate B) Institutionalization C) Microcosm D) Groupthink E) Organizational apprehension
Answer: A
26) According to a 2011 survey, many workers in Qtopia Inc. are dissatisfied with their jobs. The survey revealed that most of the dissatisfied workers believe that they have very little control over their job assignments. Therefore, to increase workers' job satisfaction, Boris, a production manager, feels they need to only concentrate on changing the dissatisfied workers' beliefs regarding the degree of control they have over their job assignments. Which of the following, if true, would weaken the conclusion made by Boris? A) Many dissatisfied workers feel that their wages are too low and working conditions are unsatisfactory. B) The number of workers in Qtopia Inc. who are satisfied with their jobs is greater than the number of workers who are dissatisfied. C) The workers in Qtopia Inc. are more dissatisfied than workers in other companies. D) The 2008 edition of a popular magazine included Qtopia Inc. on its list of 100 best companies to work for. E) The workers in the company who are satisfied with their jobs believe that they have sufficient control over their job assignments.
Answer: A
26) If individuals resisting change are included in making change decisions in an attempt to gain their support, this approach is called ________. A) cooptation B) exploitation C) arbitration D) coercion E) conciliation
Answer: A
28) ________ refers to the degree to which jobs within the organization are standardized. A) Formalization B) Empowerment C) Work specialization D) Departmentalization E) Decentralization
Answer: A
3) According to the traditional view of conflict, all conflict is ________. A) harmful and must be avoided B) natural and helps generate discussion C) necessary and improves creativity of a group D) healthy and improves productivity E) rational and cannot be avoided
Answer: A
33) The simple structure is most widely practiced in small businesses in which ________. A) the manager and owner are one and the same B) the number of employees is between 100 to 150 C) employees are highly skilled D) managers are hired directly by the company's owner E) training budgets are limited
Answer: A
34) Top management has a major impact on the organization's culture by ________. A) establishing norms that filter down through the organization B) ensuring a proper match of personal and organizational values C) socializing new applicants in the pre-hiring phase D) providing a framework for metamorphosis of new hires E) properly rewarding employees' initiatives
Answer: A
36) The process of socialization consists of three stages. Which of the following is one of these three stages? A) metamorphosis B) preencounter C) evaluation D) post-arrival E) post-encounter
Answer: A
36) Which of the following is a characteristic of a simple structure? A) high centralization B) inflexibility C) narrow spans of control D) ambiguous accountability E) high degree of formalization
Answer: A
37) Treating co-workers with respect, making constructive suggestions, and saying positive things about the workplace are a part of the ________ behavior that constitutes performance at work. A) citizenship B) counterproductivity C) social loafing D) deviant workplace E) satisficing
Answer: A
37) ________ is one way to achieve unfreezing of an organization's status quo. A) Increasing the driving forces directing behavior away from the status quo B) Incorporating a structural inertia in the structure of the organization C) Increasing employee investment in the status quo D) Decreasing management's investment in change E) Increasing the rigidity of the organizational hierarchy
Answer: A
38) Who built on Lewin's three-step model to create a more detailed eight-step plan for implementing change? A) John Kotter B) David McClelland C) Douglas Surber D) Lawrence Summers E) Henry Mintzberg
Answer: A
38) ________ refers to actions that contribute to the psychological environment of the organization, such as helping others when not required. A) Citizenship B) Counterproductivity C) Satisficing D) Social loafing E) Groupthink
Answer: A
40) The strength of product departmentalization in the matrix structure is that it facilitates ________. A) coordination among specialties B) implementation of a high degree of centralization C) adherence to chain of command D) standardization E) employee empowerment
Answer: A
40) Which of the following, if true, will weaken the company's decision? A) The majority of the company's employees have only a basic level of education. B) The company recently instituted a technical skills improvement program for shop floor employees. C) The existing shop floor employees have high potential and personal ambition to rise in their careers. D) Sirius Corp. just opened a new manufacturing facility in New Mexico. E) Several top performing entry level employees have received offers from rival companies.
Answer: A
43) Which of the following is the least predictive set of criteria used to evaluate employees? A) traits B) task outcomes C) behaviors D) personality E) technical skills
Answer: A
43) You describe to your students a new committee within the university that brings together specialists from all different departments to develop a new interdisciplinary program. The structure of the committee best meets the definition of the ________ structure. A) matrix B) simple C) boundaryless D) virtual E) bureaucratic
Answer: A
44) Which of the following statements is true regarding a matrix structure? A) It breaks the unity-of-command concept. B) It cannot achieve economies of scale. C) It reduces ambiguity about who reports to whom. D) It prevents power struggles. E) It avoids duplication of activities.
Answer: A
45) Which performance evaluation method requires no complex forms or extensive training to complete? A) written essays B) critical incidents C) graphic rating scales D) behaviorally anchored rating scales E) assessment center rating
Answer: A
46) ________ is a collection of change methods that seek to improve organizational effectiveness and employee well-being. A) Organizational development B) Organizational polarization C) Operant conditioning D) Organizational restructuring E) Action research
Answer: A
50) Rather than looking for problems, ________ seeks to identify the unique qualities and special strengths of an organization, which can then be built upon to improve performance. A) appreciative inquiry B) action research C) team building D) process consultation E) social reinforcement
Answer: A
51) Which of the following is most likely to be a drawback of a virtual organization? A) constant flux and reorganization B) increased technology costs and decentralization C) lack of flexibility and innovativeness D) lack of qualified employees and poor management E) poor communication and high degree of formalization
Answer: A
51) Which of the following statements is true regarding distributive bargaining? A) It operates under zero-sum conditions. B) It focuses on long-term relationships. C) It involves high information sharing. D) It attempts to create a win-win solution. E) It is rarely used in labor-management negotiations.
Answer: A
52) Which approach to performance evaluation rank-orders employees from best to worst? A) individual ranking B) group order ranking C) paired comparison D) straight ranking E) associative ranking
Answer: A
54) A boundaryless organization strives to ________. A) break down barriers between the company, its customers, and suppliers B) reduce bureaucracy costs associated with managing the projects in the organization C) outsource projects to a competent third party D) create a higher level of formalization in the organization E) centralize power within the organization
Answer: A
55) During the design step of appreciative inquiry, participants ________. A) find a common vision of how the organization will look in the future B) use information from the discovery phase to speculate on possible futures C) identify the organization's strengths D) recount times they felt the organization worked best E) write action plans and develop implementation strategies
Answer: A
56) The management has decided to try to find a win-win solution to help both parties resolve their differences. Management is attempting to engage in ________ bargaining. A) integrative B) reflective C) surface D) distributive E) reformatory
Answer: A
56) ________ typically contain narratives about the organization's founders, rule breaking, and reactions to past mistakes. A) Stories B) Material symbols C) Rituals D) Organizational charts E) Corporate chants
Answer: A
57) Bruce is new at Wayne Corp., but after a week he already knows that the founder of the corporation started the business in his garage with only $4,000 and one client. This information was most likely transmitted to Bruce by way of ________. A) stories B) material symbols C) rituals D) organizational charts E) corporate chants
Answer: A
58) Company chants are examples of ________. A) rituals B) material symbols C) stories D) company policies E) business strategies
Answer: A
58) Your ________ determines the lowest value acceptable to you for a negotiated agreement. A) BATNA B) margin of error C) bid price D) asking price E) hidden value
Answer: A
6) An example of change in competition is ________. A) U.S. manufactured Toyota vehicles B) collapse of Enron Corporation C) Iraq-U.S. war D) increased interest in urban living E) a decrease in interest rates
Answer: A
61) A(n) ________ model is generally synonymous with the bureaucracy in that it has highly standardized processes for work, high formalization, and more managerial hierarchy. A) mechanistic B) organic C) network D) boundaryless E) pyramidal
Answer: A
61) Which of the following statements regarding downsizing is true? A) Organizations that are able to demonstrate fairness are more likely to make the hoped-for gains from downsizing. B) Employees who have been laid off almost always feel badly about their previous employer. C) Employees who have been laid off are unlikely to return to the company if asked. D) It is generally in the best interests of the employee to challenge the decision. E) The initial screening process can be considered a failure.
Answer: A
62) Which of the following is one of the techniques used by organizations to make their workplace more family-friendly? A) telecommuting B) job enlargement C) classroom training D) mentoring program E) job rotation
Answer: A
63) Ozu Tech offers employees 4 unpaid weeks sabbatical, or 3 to 6 partially paid weeks off for family-related reasons. This work-life initiative offered by Ozu Tech is a type of ________. A) time based strategy B) information based strategy C) money-based strategy D) direct service E) culture-change strategy
Answer: A
65) A(n) ________ strategy emphasizes the introduction of major new products and services. A) innovation B) cost-minimization C) imitation D) organic E) mechanistic
Answer: A
65) Which of the following is true regarding negotiation outcomes? A) Overall agreeableness is weakly related to negotiation outcomes. B) Overall agreeableness is strongly related to negotiation outcomes. C) Overall agreeableness is weakly related to negotiation outcomes only when the situation is stressful. D) Overall agreeableness is strongly related to negotiation outcomes only when the situation is stressful. E) Overall agreeableness is unrelated to negotiation outcomes.
Answer: A
66) In which of the following climates do managers operate under the expectation that their decisions will positively affect the greatest number of stakeholders? A) caring B) instrumental C) law and code D) rules E) independence
Answer: A
69) In which of the following situations is mediation most likely to be effective? A) The conflict between the parties involved in mediation is at a moderate level. B) One of the parties involved in the negotiation perceives the mediator as biased. C) There is a large gap between the target points of both the parties. D) One of the parties involved in the negotiation perceives the mediator as coercive. E) None of the parties is willing to disclose its BATNA.
Answer: A
19) A narrow span of control ________. A) encourages employee autonomy B) is expensive because it adds levels of management C) simplifies vertical communication D) increases the speed of decision making E) discourages overly tight supervision
Answer: B
91) In structural terms, a virtual organization is highly centralized, with little or no departmentalization.
Answer: True
70) Patricia is a team leader. When looking at an e-mail from one of her team members, Patricia noticed that the e-mail was sent at nine-thirty in the evening. The next day she personally went to the employee's cubicle and told him how much she appreciated him staying late to get the project to the client on time. Which aspect of creating a positive organizational culture is Patricia utilizing? A) rewarding more than punishing B) building on organization strengths C) emphasizing individual growth D) building on employee strengths E) providing extrinsic rewards
Answer: A
71) Which of the following dimensions of an environment describes the degree to which the environment can support growth? A) capacity B) flexibility C) volatility D) sustainability E) complexity
Answer: A
72) Risa has to work long hours and sometimes weekends, losing out on family time. Risa doesn't find her long hours overly stressful, but rather she sees it as her contribution to maintaining her family's equilibrium and well-being and bettering her children's future. In which country is Risa most likely employed? A) Venezuela B) United States C) Canada D) United Kingdom E) Netherlands
Answer: A
79) Elaine is very good at what she does, but she is constantly stressed by internal deadlines assigned to co-workers, obligatory meetings, and time lost in unrelated idle cubicle chatter. Today, after a meeting with her supervisor, she has been given more responsibility for her work, is able to set her own deadlines, decline attendance to various department meetings, and telecommute two days a week. Elaine's boss is using which of the following organizational strategies to reduce her stress? A) job redesign B) organizational communication C) employee involvement D) organizational development E) process reengineering
Answer: A
8) Which of the following have/has proven to be a particularly good predictor for jobs that include cognitively complex tasks? A) intelligence tests B) integrity evaluations C) work sampling D) drug tests E) behavioral assessment
Answer: A
9) The unbroken line of authority that extends from the top of the organization to the lowest echelon and clarifies who reports to whom is termed ________. A) chain of command B) path of power C) span of control D) line of responsibility E) web of authority \
Answer: A
Ask Socrates Inc. is a computer software company that employs highly intelligent, but somewhat unusual people. Every Friday, free lollipops, toys, or other treats are given out to encourage employees to remember how creative they were when they were children. All the new members of the organization are told about the founders who were three young people who "got lucky" and sold a video game that they invented. The employees are allowed to dress informally and can set their own working hours. 62) Which of the following is most likely to be used by Ask Socrates Inc. to inform its new employees about its founders? A) stories B) material symbols C) organizational charts D) rituals E) corporate chants
Answer: A
It seems that your work group is in conflict much of the time. One colleague has suggested that you, as the supervisor, are responsible for eliminating the conflict so that your work group can function harmoniously. Another colleague has suggested that conflict is good for stimulating creativity and productivity within the work environment. You are unsure about whether you should try to eliminate the conflict within your group or learn to deal with it positively. 13) If you support the idea that conflict should be eliminated, you are supporting which of the following views of conflict? A) the traditional view B) the human relations view C) the interactionist view D) the moderated acceptance view E) the optimistic view
Answer: A
Megatron Construction is having a dispute with a home buyer about some of the terms of their building contract. Both the company and the home buyer want to avoid the expenses and trouble of going to court, but they cannot agree on how to settle their disagreement. 73) Megatron wants to bring in a neutral third party who will facilitate a negotiated solution by using reasoning, persuasion, suggesting alternatives, and the like. This person is known as a(n) ________. A) mediator B) arbitrator C) plaintiff D) consultant E) bailor
Answer: A
Mike Morrell is a production supervisor in Porco Rosso, an aircraft manufacturing firm. After evaluating Mike's managerial capabilities, some members of the senior management feel that average productivity would improve if more workers were assigned to him. However, some managers are skeptical about Mike's ability to handle more workers. 15) Which of the following statements, if true, would support the argument favoring increased span of control? A) Mike's team consists of highly experienced and skilled labor. B) Porco Rosso recently became the world's leading aircraft manufacturer. C) Mike is receiving increasing complaints about interpersonal conflicts within the team. D) Mike's team is highly dependent on his guidance, even on minor issues. E) When additional workers were assigned to Mike on a previous occasion, it led to unfavorable results.
Answer: A
Strum Services provides content management services to major educational publishers. Due to low morale, the level of employee output has been below par, which has caused a backlog in work. 34) Which of the following, if true, would strengthen the argument to use coercive techniques in this situation? A) The company is on a tight deadline to complete a major project for an important client. B) The company is in its lean season and work volumes are low. C) The company can afford to hire temp workers to handle the backlog and complete the work on time. D) The company's workforce is comprised of employees with highly specialized skill sets. E) Employees are demotivated because of the company's stringent work culture.
Answer: A
You are involved in training and development for your division at Dunder Mifflin Inc. You want to target some specific organizational problems through training. 27) Your organization is situated in an urban area where many students do not finish high school. You will probably first have to address the skill category termed ________ skills. A) basic B) technical C) interpersonal D) problem-solving E) managerial
Answer: A
Your company, Johnson Farm Products, has decided to expand its traditional business serving farm owners in order to include home gardeners in its customer base. This change is not met with enthusiasm by the sales personnel who have had good long-term relationships with area farmers. You know that the change will be difficult to implement if you cannot overcome the resistance of the sales personnel and obtain their cooperation. 30) You have brought in the local extension agent to explain demographics and the changing nature of the area in which you live. The method for overcoming resistance that you have chosen is ________. A) education and communication B) participation C) negotiation D) manipulation and cooptation E) coercion
Answer: A
10) Chain of command is a key element of an organization's structure. Which of the following key questions is addressed by this element? A) How many individuals can a manager efficiently and effectively direct? B) To whom do individuals and groups report? C) On what basis will jobs be grouped together? D) To what degree are activities subdivided into separate jobs? E) To what degree will there be rules and regulations to direct employees and managers?
Answer: B
11) Elaborate sets of performance-simulation tests specifically designed to evaluate a candidate's managerial potential are ________. A) less effective than work sampling B) administered in assessment centers C) similar to personality tests D) considered drawbacks of some management development programs E) likely to skew the results of behavioral samples
Answer: B
12) The primary or dominant values that are accepted throughout the organization are known as ________. A) foundational traits B) core values C) shared values D) institutional traits E) unique values
Answer: B
12) Which of the following terms refers to the rights inherent in a managerial position to give orders and expect them to be obeyed? A) chain of command B) authority C) power D) span of control E) leadership
Answer: B
13) Which of the following resistances to change is implicit? A) strike B) increased error C) resignation D) complaint E) work slowdown
Answer: B
15) A strong culture can act as a substitute for which of the following? A) institutionalization B) formalization C) socialization D) centralization E) social support
Answer: B
16) As a result of changing technology and unstable environment, your company is planning to undertake restructuring of the business. The employees in your company are worried about this upcoming change and many of them are anxious due to a fear that they will lose their jobs as a result of this change. But that is not the case. The company only wants to restructure its business units, and it is not planning to cut down on jobs. In such a situation, which of the following techniques is most likely to be used by your company to deal with the employees' resistance to change? A) implementing changes fairly B) education and communication C) participation D) manipulation and cooptation E) coercion
Answer: B
16) Which of the following statements, if true, would weaken the argument favoring increased span of control? A) Mike has a reputation of handling interpersonal conflicts effectively. B) Performance reports from the last few years show that teams that were monitored closely had higher productivity. C) Porco Rosso recently launched its latest engine model, the PR-4. D) Market trends indicate that the demand for aircraft is expected to increase substantially over the next few years. E) When additional workers were assigned to Mike on a previous occasion, it led to favorable and productive results.
Answer: B
17) Conditions that can create conflicts can be classified into three categories. Which of the following is one of these three categories that includes variables such as jurisdictional clarity, member-goal compatibility, and leadership styles? A) communication B) structure C) personal variables D) group interactions E) process variables
Answer: B
19) Selective information processing is a major source of resistance to change. It indicates that ________. A) changes in organizational patterns may threaten the expertise of specialized groups so these groups tend to resist change B) individuals hear what they want to hear and they ignore information that challenges the world they've created C) limited changes in subsystems tend to be nullified by the larger system D) groups in the organization that control sizable resources often resist change E) even if individuals want to change their behavior, group norms may act as a constraint
Answer: B
2) Danny's boss is apathetic as to whether Danny works at home, at the office, or from his beach house. All he cares about is that the project is completed on time, on budget, and with exemplary quality. Which characteristic of organizational culture describes this aspect of Danny's job? A) low risk taking B) high outcome orientation C) high attention to detail D) low aggressiveness E) high stability
Answer: B
2) Organizations are increasingly adjusting their processes and positioning their products as environment friendly and sustainable in order to increase their appeal to consumers. This is a response to changes in ________. A) demographic trends B) social trends C) cultural trends D) legal requirements E) nature of the workforce
Answer: B
2) Which of the following statements is true regarding work specialization? A) Work specialization indicates to what degree will there be rules and formalized regulations to direct employees and managers. B) Work specialization decreases the time spent in changing tasks. C) Work specialization increases the cost of finding and training workers to do specific and repetitive tasks. D) Work specialization decreases efficiency and productivity. E) Work specialization hinders efficient use of employee skills.
Answer: B
20) The ________ stage of the conflict process is important because it's where conflict issues tend to be defined. A) potential opposition B) cognition and personalization C) intention D) behavior E) reaction and transference
Answer: B
21) Drug testing is controversial. Which of the following is an argument used against drug testing? A) The results of drug tests can be faked easily. B) Drug use is a private matter. C) Drug tests are costly. D) Drug tests are generally inaccurate. E) Drug tests are injurious to a person's health.
Answer: B
21) Which of the following is a drawback of a narrow span of control? A) It increases effectiveness. B) It is more expensive. C) It encourages employee autonomy. D) It decreases the number levels in the organizational hierarchy. E) It increases participatory decision making.
Answer: B
21) Which of the following statements is true regarding the functions of culture in an organization? A) It hinders the generation of commitment to something larger than individual self-interest among employees. B) It conveys a sense of identity for organization members. C) It reduces the stability of the organizational system. D) It reduces distinctions between one organization and others. E) It does not affect employees' attitudes and behavior.
Answer: B
21) ________ is the third stage in the conflict process and it intervenes between people's perceptions and their overt behavior. A) Potential for opposition B) Intention C) Cognition D) Attribution E) Behavioral manifestation
Answer: B
22) When formal authority and control systems are reduced, the ________ provided by a strong culture ensure(s) that everyone is pointed in the same direction. A) rules and regulations B) shared meaning C) rituals D) socialization E) rigid hierarchy
Answer: B
22) Which of the following tactics for overcoming resistance to change is most likely to be beneficial when employees' fear and anxiety are high? A) manipulation B) building support and commitment C) participation D) implementing changes fairly E) coercion
Answer: B
24) Most training is directed at upgrading and improving an employee's ________ skills. A) financial B) technical C) problem-solving D) interpersonal E) social
Answer: B
26) Grace works for a pet store where everyone is committed to the happiness of the animals. Often employees, bosses, and hourly workers alike come into the store "off the clock" and spend time training the animals. Everyone loves the store, the animals, and their jobs. This attitude of her co-workers inspires Grace to do her best. Based on this information, we can say that Grace is experiencing the effects of ________. A) decentralization B) organizational climate C) high departmentalization D) low formalization E) high work specialization
Answer: B
26) The conflict-handling intention of collaborating is ________. A) assertive and uncooperative B) assertive and cooperative C) unassertive and uncooperative D) unassertive and cooperative E) affective and reflective
Answer: B
28) "Buying off" the leaders of a resistance group by giving them a key role and seeking their advice not to find a better solution but to get their endorsement is an example of ________. A) coercion B) cooptation C) procedural fairness D) distributive bargaining E) operant conditioning
Answer: B
28) Culture is most likely to be a liability when ________. A) the employees of the organization are highly skilled B) the organization's environment is dynamic C) the organization's management is highly efficient D) the organization is highly centralized E) the organization scores low on the degree of formalization
Answer: B
28) Your organization has reduced layers, flattening the organization. Your employees now need to perform a wider variety of tasks. As a result, you need to provide employees with training to help develop their ________ skills. A) basic literacy B) technical C) interpersonal D) problem solving E) communication
Answer: B
29) Luke's cubicle neighbor Leia, though an understanding and great co-worker, talks loudly on the phone. Luke gets annoyed every time Leia's phone rings, but he has decided it's simply not worth the trouble to talk to her about it. Luke's conflict-handling intention is called ________. A) competing B) avoiding C) accommodating D) compromising E) collaborating
Answer: B
46) All of the following are benefits of conflict in organizations except ________. A) increased self-evaluation and change B) increased groupthink C) increased creativity and innovation D) increased curiosity among group members E) increased opportunity to air problems
Answer: B
31) Macy does not like a few of the standard operating procedures adapted for the new project. However, she discussed the items with the team and told them that she realized she was in the minority and that she would adapt the new procedures to maintain smooth operations within the team. This type of conflict-handling intention is called ________. A) negotiating B) accommodating C) collaborating D) compromising E) competing
Answer: B
31) You have decided to involve the sales personnel in planning for the change and in stocking appropriate new items to sell to gardeners. The method for overcoming resistance that you have chosen is ________. A) education and communication B) participation C) negotiation D) manipulation E) coercion
Answer: B
32) Which of the following is an on-the-job training method? A) live classroom lectures B) apprenticeships C) public seminars D) podcasts E) self-study programs
Answer: B
33) The selection process helps sustain the organization's culture by ________. A) establishing and enforcing norms B) hiring candidates who fit well within the organization C) socializing the new employees D) developing performance evaluation criteria E) rewarding conformity
Answer: B
33) Which of the following conflict-handling intentions involves accepting a solution that provides incomplete satisfaction of both parties' concerns? A) collaborating B) compromising C) avoiding D) competing E) accommodating
Answer: B
35) You have just been appointed as director of your company's corporate training division. The CEO of your company has been displeased with your company's prior training programs, so you are tasked with rehauling the entire training division. You convene a meeting of all training division managers to decide on the types of training that the division will implement. One of your managers is a firm supporter of e-training programs for employees in your company's international offices. He touts the benefits of e-programs by stressing that ________. A) e-training approaches have been proven to result in higher levels of knowledge assimilation B) e-training is highly flexible and employees can complete the training at their convenience C) many employees find solitary learning to be highly motivating D) online learners are less susceptible to distractions E) e-programs are inexpensive to design and implement
Answer: B
36) Which of the following is one of the three steps in the Lewin's three-step change model? A) analysis B) movement C) evaluation D) dreaming E) designing
Answer: B
37) The key concept that underlies all bureaucracies is ________. A) efficiency B) standardization C) increased flexibility D) decentralization E) specialization
Answer: B
38) The ________ stage of the socialization process explicitly recognizes that each individual the organization comes across during the selection process has a set of values, attitudes, and expectations about both the work to be done and the organization. A) post-encounter B) prearrival C) metamorphosis D) preencounter E) post-arrival
Answer: B
39) During the ________ stage, a new employee compares his or her expectations with the realities in the organization. A) prearrival B) encounter C) metamorphosis D) post-arrival E) post-encounter
Answer: B
39) Which of the following is the first step in Kotter's eight-step plan for implementing change? A) Create a new vision to direct the change and strategies for achieving the vision. B) Establish a sense of urgency by creating a compelling reason for why change is needed. C) Plan for, create, and reward short-term "wins" that move the organization toward the new vision. D) Form a coalition with enough power to lead the change. E) Communicate the vision throughout the organization.
Answer: B
40) Conflict is dysfunctional when it ________. A) provides a medium to release tension B) reduces group cohesiveness C) fosters an environment of self-evaluation D) provides a means for expressing frustration E) leads to change
Answer: B
41) Higgins has recently joined a new law firm expecting to participate in exciting environmental law cases and cutting-edge research. After one month at the firm, he still hasn't been assigned a case and spends most of his time filing standardized appeals for title disputes with insurance companies. In which stage of the socialization process is Higgins? A) prearrival B) encounter C) metamorphosis D) post-encounter E) post-arrival
Answer: B
41) Which of the following terms refers to the actions that actively damage the organization, including stealing, behaving aggressively toward co-workers, and being late or absent? A) citizenship B) counterproductivity C) task orientation D) satisficing E) groupthink
Answer: B
42) During the socialization process, to work out any problems discovered during the encounter stage, the new member changes or goes through the ________ stage. A) post-arrival B) metamorphosis C) post-encounter D) analysis E) evaluation
Answer: B
42) Which of the following steps in Kotter's eight-step plan for implementing change represents the movement stage in Lewin's three-step model? A) Establish a sense of urgency by creating a compelling reason for why change is needed. B) Plan for, create, and reward short-term "wins" that propel the organization toward the new vision. C) Form a coalition with enough power to lead the change. D) Create a new vision to direct the change and strategies for achieving the vision. E) Reinforce the changes by demonstrating the relationship between new behaviors and organizational success.
Answer: B
44) The approach to evaluation that uses feedback from those who have daily contact with an employee (everyone from mailroom personnel to customers to bosses to peers) is termed ________. A) critical incidents B) 360-degree evaluation C) assessment center D) multiperson comparisons E) downward evaluation
Answer: B
44) The terms negotiation and ________ are used interchangeably. A) win-lose B) bargaining C) collaboration D) accommodation E) compromise
Answer: B
44) ________ is a change process based on systematic collection of data and selection of a change action based on what the analyzed data indicate. A) Organizational development B) Action research C) Planned change D) Process consultation E) Organizational restructuring
Answer: B
46) A ________ organization is a small, core organization that outsources major business functions. A) centralized B) virtual C) bureaucratic D) matrix E) formalized
Answer: B
46) Which of the following evaluation methods focuses the evaluator's attention on those behaviors that are key to executing a job effectively? A) forced comparison B) critical incident C) graphic rating scale D) behaviorally anchored rating scale E) written essay
Answer: B
46) Which of the following statements is true about formal socialization? A) Formal socialization involves socializing the new members individually. B) Specific orientation and training programs are examples of formal socialization. C) Apprenticeship and mentoring programs are examples of formal socialization. D) Formal socialization lacks a fixed time schedule. E) In formal socialization, new employees are left on their own to figure things out.
Answer: B
47) The deemphasizing of hierarchical authority and control in organizational development is referred to as ________. A) horizontal integration B) power equalization C) trust and support D) respect for people E) vertical blending
Answer: B
48) Which of the following methods of performance evaluation allows for quantitative analysis and comparison? A) critical incident B) graphic rating scale C) assessment center evaluation D) written essay E) group order ranking
Answer: B
48) You are the CEO of Achilles Incorporation. You have decided to hire other organizations to perform many of the basic functions of your business. You have hired an accounting firm to keep your records, a recruiting firm to handle human resource functions, and a computer firm to handle all records. To keep costs down, you are looking for other areas in which to outsource operations. You have chosen to operate your business as a ________. A) matrix organization B) virtual organization C) highly centralized organization D) highly formalized organization E) bureaucracy
Answer: B
5) According to the interactionist's perspective, a group that functions without conflict is ________. A) living up to behavioral standards B) prone to becoming static and apathetic C) the most productive D) most likely to be responsive to the need for change and innovation E) a rare phenomenon
Answer: B
51) Which of the following is a step in the appreciative inquiry process? A) analysis B) dreaming C) inferring D) classifying E) collaboration
Answer: B
51) ________ ranking requires the evaluator to place employees into a particular classification, such as top one-fifth or second one-fifth. A) Individual B) Group order C) Paired D) Fractional E) Percentile
Answer: B
52) Blastkrieg, a chain of audio equipment stores, uses computerized inventory control and customer self-service to eliminate the category of sales clerks from its force of employees. After diversifying into computer electronics, it now plans to employ the same concept in selling desktop PCs and laptops. Which of the following is an assumption made in Blastkrieg's strategy? A) All computer electronics stores use a similar strategy. B) Sales personnel are not required for selling computer electronics successfully. C) The same kind of computers will be used in inventory control for both audio equipment and electronics at Blastkrieg. D) A self-service strategy cannot be employed without computerized inventory control. E) Sales clerks are the only employees of Blastkrieg who could be assigned tasks related to inventory control.
Answer: B
53) Who coined the term boundaryless organization? A) Steve Jobs B) Jack Welch C) Milton Friedman D) John Maynard Keynes E) Frederick Herzberg
Answer: B
54) During the dreaming step of appreciative inquiry, participants ________. A) identify the organization's strengths B) use information from the discovery phase to speculate on possible futures C) find a common vision of how the organization will look in the future D) write action plans and develop implementation strategies E) recount times they felt the organization worked best
Answer: B
56) The concept of ________ can be applied to appraisals to increase the perception that employees are treated fairly. A) selective evaluation B) due process C) multiple raters D) selective retention E) counterproductivity
Answer: B
58) Bart has a new idea for a way to cut costs in his department, but he is not willing to share his idea with his boss because the last department head that tried new cost cutting methods was recently fired because the new methods could not achieve expected results. Based on the example, how can Bart's company improve the culture to create innovation? A) flatten the organizational structure B) reward both successes and failures C) increase the resources in Bart's department D) encourage communication between various departments E) conduct team-building activities
Answer: B
58) Companies in which of the following countries would emphasize formal performance evaluation systems more than informal systems? A) Argentina B) United States C) Chile D) India E) China
Answer: B
59) Company chants are used to ________. A) inform employees about changes in rules and policies B) transmit company culture to employees C) inform employees about latest technologies D) communicate company strategies to the employees E) update employees regarding performance of the company
Answer: B
59) In a negotiation process, which of the following activities is most likely to be included in the preparation and planning step? A) justifying your original demands B) determining your best alternative to a negotiated agreement C) determining where the negotiation will take place D) designing procedures for implementing the agreement that has been worked out E) exchange of the initial proposals or demands
Answer: B
60) During which phase of the negotiation process do the parties exchange their initial proposals or demands? A) preparation and planning B) definition of ground rules C) clarification and justification D) bargaining and problem solving E) integration of preferences
Answer: B
61) Idea champions display characteristics associated with ________ leadership. A) narcissistic B) transformational C) autocratic D) transactional E) laissez-faire
Answer: B
61) In a negotiation process, which of the following activities is most likely to be included in the definition of ground rules step? A) determining your best alternative to a negotiated agreement B) determining time constraints, if any, applicable to negotiation C) justifying your original demands D) formalizing the agreement that has been worked out E) determining the history leading up to the negotiation
Answer: B
62) A(n) ________ model is a structure that is flat, uses cross-hierarchical and cross-functional teams, has low formalization, possesses a comprehensive information network, and relies on participative decision making. A) mechanistic B) organic C) boundaryless D) network E) pyramidal
Answer: B
62) ________ involves correcting errors using past routines and present policies. A) Process reengineering B) Single-loop learning C) Circular logrolling D) Double-loop learning E) Organizational restructuring
Answer: B
63) The regular distribution of lollipops, toys, or treats every Friday is an example of a ________ that helps reinforce Ask Socrates' culture. A) dominant mechanism B) ritual C) primary process D) protective mechanism E) fundamental procedure
Answer: B
63) ________ involves correcting errors by modifying the organization's objectives, policies, and standard routines. A) Action research B) Double-loop learning C) Process reengineering D) Single-loop learning E) Organizational restructuring
Answer: B
64) Which of the following is typically a characteristic of the mechanistic model of organization? A) low formalization B) rigid departmentalization C) decentralized management D) wide spans of control E) low specialization
Answer: B
65) Which of the following work-life initiatives is an example of a culture-change strategy? A) offering flexible benefits B) tying manager pay to employee satisfaction C) allowing job sharing D) providing fitness center E) providing counseling services
Answer: B
65) ________ is a dynamic condition in which an individual is confronted with an opportunity, demand, or resource related to what the individual desires and for which the outcome is perceived to be both uncertain and important. A) Change B) Stress C) Innovation D) Stimulation E) Creativity
Answer: B
68) A(n) ________ is a neutral third party who facilitates a negotiated solution by using reasoning, persuasion, and suggestions for alternatives. A) plaintiff B) mediator C) agent D) consultant E) executor
Answer: B
68) Political uncertainties, economic uncertainties, and technological change are examples of the ________ factors of potential stress. A) structural B) environmental C) organizational D) personal E) social
Answer: B
69) Jerry is feeling very stressed because his boss expects a project to be delivered to the client within a very unreasonable deadline. Jerry has to work nights and weekends to make the deadline. Jerry is feeling stress due to a(n) ________ factor. A) environmental B) organizational C) economic D) structural E) personal
Answer: B
7) Between the late 1960s and the mid-1980s, the use of written tests declined because they were characterized as ________. A) unprofessional B) discriminatory C) unreliable D) invalid E) mathematically flawed
Answer: B
7) Conflict that relates to the content and goals of work is called ________ conflict. A) job B) task C) relationship D) process E) communication
Answer: B
70) What are the key dimensions to any organization's environment? A) conformity, criticality, and diffusivity B) complexity, volatility, and capacity C) complexity, diffusivity, and criticality D) conformity, criticality, and capacity E) criticality, volatility, diffusivity
Answer: B
71) What factor would most likely increase the negative impact of an arbitration session? A) limited options of the arbitrator B) heavy-handedness of the arbitrator C) compulsory nature of the arbitration D) voluntary nature of the arbitration E) establishment of an agreement that is nonbinding
Answer: B
72) Volatility refers to the degree of ________ within an environment. A) heterogeneity B) instability C) flexibility D) diffusivity E) conformity
Answer: B
73) Rudolf is dealing with impending layoffs at work. Yesterday, at a pharmacy, he measured his blood pressure and it was high. He also notices that when he thinks about the future, his heart rate accelerates. Rudolf is demonstrating ________ symptoms of stress. A) psychological B) physiological C) behavioral D) personal E) reactive
Answer: B
74) The home buyer wants to bring in a third party who will have the authority to dictate an agreement. This person will be a(n) ________. A) mediator B) arbitrator C) conciliator D) consultant E) plaintiff
Answer: B
75) Art-Is-Us claims to be a spiritual organization. Company employees are encouraged to show kindness toward others. Employees are treated with esteem and value and supported for their creativity and flexibility. While the organization values profits, its purpose is to spread the pleasure of art to as many people as possible. Which of the following is not one of the cultural characteristics commonly found in spiritual organizations? A) benevolence B) competitiveness C) open-mindedness D) trust and respect E) strong sense of purpose
Answer: B
75) Which of the following types of jobs is least likely to create stress and reduce satisfaction? A) jobs that make multiple and conflicting demands B) jobs that provide a high level of feedback C) jobs that lack clarity about the employee's duties D) jobs that provide the employees less control over the pace of their work E) jobs that provide a low level of variety
Answer: B
9) Cultures that tend to develop in large organizations to reflect common problems or experiences faced by the members in the same department or location are often called ________. A) micro-cultures B) subcultures C) divisional cultures D) microcosms E) countercultures
Answer: B
Gordon is a new divisional manager at AskSocrates.com. In reorganizing his division, he must make some decisions regarding the span of control for management within his division. 22) The question of span of control determines ________. A) the employee grievance policy of the organization B) the number of levels and managers in an organization C) where decisions are made D) how jobs will be grouped E) how employees will be compensated
Answer: B
25) ________ refers to the degree to which decision making is concentrated at a single point in the organization. A) Formalization B) Departmentalization C) Centralization D) Work specialization E) Line of command
Answer: C
Labor and management at Leo Trucking cannot seem to agree upon a contract for the truck drivers. As each side contends that they are bargaining fairly, no agreement seems to be possible. The drivers are threatening to go on strike, and management knows that such a strike would prove to be costly. 54) As both sides agree that they are competing over a fixed amount of resources, each side feels that what one side wins, the other loses. Based on this information, we can say that the two sides are engaged in ________. A) conciliation B) distributive bargaining C) mediation D) integrative bargaining E) arbitration
Answer: B
Organizational Behavior, 16e (Robbins/Judge) Chapter 17 Human Resource Policies and Practices 1) Which of the following is most likely to be used for preliminary "rough cuts" to decide whether an applicant meets the basic qualifications for a job? A) drug test B) application form C) HR interview D) written test E) technical interview
Answer: B
You are new to an organization and do not really know what to expect about the socialization process. You recently received your MBA and have an undergraduate degree in computer science. Your new firm is a software development company with an emphasis in the healthcare industry. Your hiring process included campus interviews, a daylong trip for an interview at the company, an offer phone call and letter, and some promotional material sent via the mail. When you arrive for your first day at work, you spend half a day in an orientation session that is conducted by the human resources department, where you complete paperwork and receive a company handbook. Then you spend the rest of the day with your supervisor, who gives you a tour, introduces you to your co-workers, and explains your first project. After that, you begin working and getting to know the others in the company. You find that in most respects, your experience fits your expectations, but in some ways you are surprised by realities that you hadn't expected. None of these surprises is too difficult to accept, so you eventually begin to feel at home and happy with your new job. 50) The information that you receive during the interviewing and hiring process is a part of the ________ stage of employee socialization. A) preencounter B) prearrival C) encounter D) metamorphosis E) post-encounter
Answer: B
You have learned about the traditional and new design options for organizational structures. You have decided that one of the designs developed during the last decade or two is probably the most appropriate for your newly formed organization. 57) You have recently started your business with a small capital investment. Your business needs a very high degree of flexibility so that you can quickly respond to environmental changes and you are also interested in minimizing costs. Which of the following types of organizations is best suitable for your business? A) a highly centralized organization B) a virtual organization C) a formalized organization D) a bureaucracy E) a hierarchical organization
Answer: B
27) Which of the following conflict-handling intentions is unassertive and uncooperative? A) competing B) collaborating C) avoiding D) compromising E) accommodating
Answer: C
1) ________ is defined as a process that begins when one party perceives another party has or is about to negatively affect something the first party cares about. A) Problem solving B) Assessment C) Conflict D) Negotiation E) Collective bargaining
Answer: C
10) Jean works for Fahrenheit Publishing ,which is a publisher of scientific journals. The company is dominated by low risk taking and high attention to detail. Jean's department is committed to high team orientation and provides many team-building activities in which Jean and other department members work together and socialize. Which of the following statements best describes Jean's department? A) Jean's department is an example of a primary microcosm. B) Jean's department's culture is stronger than the dominant culture in the organization. C) Jean's department has developed a subculture. D) Jean's department's culture is undefined. E) Jean's department's culture has low stability.
Answer: C
11) In a negotiation between a man and a woman, we would expect the woman to ________ than the man. A) act more assertively B) show higher self-interest C) be more accommodating D) place a higher value on the economic outcome E) be more proactive in getting negotiations underway
Answer: C
14) A strong culture should reduce employee turnover because it results in ________. A) a highly centralized organization B) narrow spans of control C) cohesiveness and organizational commitment D) a highly formalized organization E) an outcome-oriented organization
Answer: C
14) According to the principle of unity of command, ________. A) managers should limit their oversight to a maximum of 12 employees B) managers should oversee 1-4 employees on average C) an individual should be directly responsible to only one supervisor D) an organization should be departmentalized on the basis of functions E) employees should report directly to two supervisors to maintain task balance
Answer: C
14) You decide to do more research on the view that conflict should be encouraged as a means to achieve change and innovation. This view is termed ________. A) the traditional view B) the human relations view C) the interactionist view D) the acceptance view E) the promotional view
Answer: C
15) When your work group disagrees, the disagreements usually concern how the group's work should be accomplished. The type of conflict experienced by your group is known as a ________ conflict. A) task B) relationship C) process D) traditional E) reactive
Answer: C
15) Which of the following is an example of an individual source of resistance to change? A) limited focus of change B) product orientation C) fear of the unknown D) structural inertia E) employee orientation
Answer: C
17) Which of the following is not an ideal feature of a benefit program? A) It should be uniquely suited to the organizational culture. B) It should be sustainable in the long run. C) It should clearly outline expectations for conduct. D) It should reflect the values of the organization. E) It should demonstrate economic feasibility.
Answer: C
18) Aggressiveness, innovation, and risk taking are called the ________ of the culture at the Rogue Vogue Corp. A) foundational values B) institutional traits C) core values D) significant traits E) unique values
Answer: C
20) Based on the information in the scenario, we can say that Rogue Vogue ________. A) is a highly decentralized organization B) is a virtual organization C) has a strong culture D) is a boundaryless organization E) is a matrix organization
Answer: C
21) Which tactic for overcoming resistance to change basically assumes that the source of resistance lies in misinformation? A) implementing changes fairly B) participation C) education and communication D) coercion E) cooptation and manipulation
Answer: C
23) In ________ organizations, the lack of frequent face-to-face contact makes establishing a common set of norms very difficult. A) highly formalized B) boundaryless C) virtual D) matrix E) highly centralized
Answer: C
23) Procedural fairness while implementing changes is especially important when ________. A) the organization is facing intense competition B) the employees have participated in the decision-making process C) the employees perceive the outcome as negative D) the environment in which the business operates is dynamic E) the employees are resisting the change due to group inertia
Answer: C
23) Which of the following statements is true concerning international selection practices? A) Structured interviews are popular in all countries. B) Beliefs about how one should conduct an interpersonal interview are consistent across countries. C) The use of educational qualifications in screening candidates seems to be a universal practice. D) Employee selection policies and practices do not require modification from one country to another. E) Individuals are typically much more effective at selecting candidates than groups.
Answer: C
24) In an organization, top managers make all the decisions and lower-level managers merely carry out their directives. This organization is most likely to be characterized by ________. A) a narrower span of control B) a low degree of formalization C) a high degree of centralization D) a high degree of departmentalization E) a low degree of work specialization
Answer: C
27) Which tactic to overcome resistance to change is a relatively inexpensive way to gain the support of adversaries, but may backfire if the targets become aware of the tactic? A) negotiation B) conciliation C) manipulation D) coercion E) arbitration
Answer: C
3) For much of the first half of the twentieth century, managers viewed work specialization as ________. A) a means to encourage employee satisfaction B) an effective solution to overcentralization C) an unending source of increased productivity D) difficult to implement without automation technology E) a frustrating cause of reduced efficiency
Answer: C
3) Stefan is looking for a job. Today he went to the Web site of Qriosity Inc., where he filled out an online application and attached a copy of his resume. In which part of the selection process is Stefan? A) physical selection B) job offer C) initial selection D) contingent selection E) substantive selection
Answer: C
3) Tescra Education is an educational publishing company that provides textbooks in the area of higher education. The company has been in business for almost 20 years now and has earned substantial profits during this period. Which of the following trends, if true, would drive the company to change its business strategy? A) a rise in the cost of electronic products such as iPads and e-book readers and subscription charges for educational apps B) an upward trend in students' preference for face-to-face interaction with instructors using traditional classroom learning techniques C) a need for learning environments where students feel safe to apply the knowledge they've acquired in the classroom to real-life situations D) a decrease in the number of people going back to school to upgrade their skills, due to an economic boom E) an increase in the number of laws and regulations related to intellectual property
Answer: C
30) Dunder Mifflin Inc. is considering implementing employee ethics training programs. Some members of senior management are opposed to these programs. Their opposition is most likely based on which of the following beliefs? A) Ethics training is very expensive. B) Ethics change from country to country. C) Individual value systems are fixed at an early age. D) Integrity cannot be taught by example. E) Ethics training does not help employees to recognize ethical dilemmas.
Answer: C
31) The clerical and editorial employees in a publishing house need to be at their desks by 8:00 AM and follow a set of precise procedures dictated by management. The jobs of these clerical and editorial employees ________. A) have a wide span of control B) score high on the degree of departmentalization C) score high on the degree of formalization D) lack a unity of command E) score low on the degree of work specialization
Answer: C
32) A ________ is characterized by a low degree of departmentalization, wide spans of control, authority centralized in a single person, and little formalization. A) bureaucracy B) matrix organization C) simple structure D) networked organizational structure E) hierarchical organization
Answer: C
32) Which of the following conflict-handling intentions is assertive and uncooperative? A) compromising B) avoiding C) competing D) collaborating E) accommodating
Answer: C
32) Which of the following is not one of the five most prevalent climate categories making up the ethical dimensions of organization culture? A) instrumental B) caring C) dependence D) law and code E) rules
Answer: C
33) Which of the following is an off-the-job training method? A) job rotation B) formal mentoring programs C) Internet courses D) job enlargement E) apprenticeship
Answer: C
35) Which of the following statements is true about the simple structure? A) It is very expensive to operate. B) It is characterized by a high degree of formalization. C) It becomes increasingly inadequate as an organization grows. D) It is most widely adopted in large businesses in which the manager and owner are different. E) It is characterized by a narrow span of control.
Answer: C
35) ________ is a process that helps new employees adapt to the prevailing organizational culture. A) Satisficing B) Reciprocal interdependence C) Socialization D) Formalization E) Social loafing
Answer: C
36) Researchers now recognize three major types of behavior that constitute performance at work. Which of the following are these three major types of behavior? A) task performance, productivity, tenure B) productivity, efficiency, absenteeism C) task performance, citizenship, counterproductivity D) citizenship, counterproductivity, personality E) leadership, knowledge, efficiency
Answer: C
36) The division manager at Xperience Inc. wants to replace the SAP ERP currently used in his division with Epicor ERP as it costs 30 percent less to train new staff in Epicor ERP. But this leads to a conflict with the general manager, who insists that they can simply hire only people who already know how to use SAP ERP. Which of the following, if true, weakens the general manager's objection to the replacement of SAP ERP with Epicor ERP? A) Currently all employees in the company are required to attend workshops on how to use SAP ERP. B) Once employees learn how to use an ERP system, they tend to change employers more readily than before. C) Experienced users of SAP ERP command much higher salaries than do prospective employees who have no experience in the use of any ERP. D) The average productivity of employees in the company is below the average productivity of the employees of its competitors. E) The high costs of updates and upgrades make Epicor ERP more expensive to maintain than SAP ERP.
Answer: C
37) According to a newly added office smoking regulation, only employees who have an enclosed office may smoke at their desks. This leads to a major conflict between various employees as virtually all employees with enclosed offices are higher-level managers and all other employees lack enclosed offices. Therefore, the lower-level employees who smoke argue that they should be offered enclosed offices. Which of the following, if true, strengthens the employees' argument? A) The company is a zealous supporter of the "Kick the Butt" campaign—a corporate anti-smoking campaign. B) Higher-level managers, who have enclosed offices, are willing to share their offices with-lower level employees. C) The smoking regulations allow all employees who smoke an equal opportunity to do so, regardless of an employee's job level. D) Employees at the higher level, who do not smoke, do not have enclosed offices. E) The company has a limited budget for infrastructure modifications.
Answer: C
38) Which of the following is a conflict-stimulation technique? A) expansion of resources B) compromise C) bringing in outsiders D) exercising authoritative command E) problem solving
Answer: C
39) Which of the following types of organizational designs combines two forms of departmentalization, functional and product? A) simple structure B) bureaucracy C) matrix structure D) virtual structure E) boundaryless structure
Answer: C
40) If there is a basic conflict between the individual's expectations and the reality of working in an organization, the employee is most likely to be disillusioned and quit during the ________ stage of socialization. A) prearrival B) post-arrival C) encounter D) metamorphosis E) post-encounter
Answer: C
41) John Kotter built on Lewin's three-step model to create a more detailed approach for implementing change. Which of the following steps in Kotter's eight-step plan for implementing change represents the unfreezing stage in Lewin's three-step model? A) Plan for, create, and reward short-term "wins" that move the organization toward the new vision. B) Consolidate improvements, reassess changes, and make necessary adjustments in the new programs. C) Create a new vision to direct the change and strategies for achieving the vision. D) Empower others to act on the vision by removing barriers to change and encouraging risk taking and creative problem solving. E) Reinforce the changes by demonstrating the relationship between new behaviors and organizational success.
Answer: C
42) A collectivist Chinese manager is most likely to use which of the following techniques for conflict management? A) direct confrontation B) authoritative command C) avoiding D) pressurizing E) competing tactics
Answer: C
42) Performance evaluations are used to ________. A) improve group cohesiveness B) define departmental structure C) help management make HR decisions D) identify how jobs are completed E) decrease conformity within organizations
Answer: C
43) Which of the following statements is true regarding random socialization? A) Random socialization tries to strip away certain characteristics of the recruit. B) Random socialization is carried out per a fixed time schedule. C) In random socialization, new employees are left on their own to figure things out. D) Random socialization involves socializing the newcomers in groups. E) Specific orientation and classroom training programs are examples of random socialization.
Answer: C
43) Which of the following terms best describes the process that occurs when two or more parties decide how to allocate scarce resources? A) integration B) association C) negotiation D) unionization E) differentiation
Answer: C
45) The step in the action research process where information is gathered about problems, concerns, and needed changes is known as the ________ stage. A) feedback B) evaluation C) diagnosis D) action E) prognosis
Answer: C
45) The two general approaches to negotiation are ________ bargaining and ________ bargaining. A) emotional; rational B) affective; reflective C) distributive; integrative D) formal; informal E) legal; restrictive
Answer: C
47) A virtual organization is also known as a(n) ________ organization. A) boundaryless B) electronic C) modular D) pyramidal E) triangular
Answer: C
48) Apprenticeship is an example of ________ socialization. A) divestiture B) variable C) serial D) informal E) investiture
Answer: C
48) Karl is the labor union negotiator. Today, he is meeting with the top management to discuss the new five-year contract, including wages and benefits. This labor-management negotiation over wages is most likely to use ________ bargaining. A) integrative B) reflective C) distributive D) evaluative E) associative
Answer: C
49) In the case of a distributive bargaining, the ________ point indicates what a person would like to achieve out of the negotiation. A) resistance B) distribution C) target D) bargaining E) focus
Answer: C
49) The major advantage of a virtual organization is its ________. A) decentralized structure B) ability to enhance role clarity C) flexibility D) highly departmentalized structure E) ability to minimize organizational politics
Answer: C
5) A plant manager organizes a plant by separating engineering, accounting, manufacturing, personnel, and purchasing into departments. The plant is departmentalized on the basis of ________. A) target customer B) product C) function D) geography E) service
Answer: C
5) Which of the following is a form of background check? A) aptitude test B) offer letter C) letters of recommendation D) application form E) work-sample test
Answer: C
51) Your first day at work is a part of the ________ stage of socialization. A) orientation B) prearrival C) encounter D) metamorphosis E) post-encounter
Answer: C
52) When you begin to notice things that are not as you expected, you are in the ________ stage of socialization. A) orientation B) prearrival C) encounter D) metamorphosis E) post-arrival
Answer: C
53) Which of the following statements is true regarding integrative bargaining? A) Integrative bargaining leaves one party a loser. B) Integrative bargaining is used in labor-management negotiations most of the time. C) Integrative bargaining focuses on long-term relationships. D) Integrative bargaining operates under zero-sum conditions. E) Integrative bargaining involves low information sharing.
Answer: C
54) Which of the following is a forced comparison method of performance evaluation? A) written essays B) trait evaluations C) group order ranking D) critical incident method E) graphic rating scales
Answer: C
55) Odysseus Corp. is attempting to flatten its organizational hierarchy. It is encouraging the use of cross-hierarchical teams, participative decision-making practices, and 360-degree performance appraisals. Based on this information, we can say that Odysseus Corp. is attempting to create a ________ organization. A) highly centralized B) virtual C) boundaryless D) highly formalized E) highly departmentalized
Answer: C
56) Which of the following types of changes involves a new idea being applied to initiating or improving a product, process, or service? A) continuous improvement B) double-loop learning C) innovation D) process reengineering E) organizational streaming
Answer: C
57) Which of the following is the first step in the negotiation process? A) definition of ground rules B) clarification and justification C) preparation and planning D) bargaining and problem solving E) closure and implementation
Answer: C
59) Which of the following actions can extinguish risk taking and innovation? A) long tenure in management B) encouraging experimentation C) rewarding for the absence of failures rather than for the presence of successes D) using organic organizational structures E) using an organizational structure that scores low on vertical differentiation, formalization, and centralization
Answer: C
6) According to the interactionist view, ________ conflicts support the goals of the group and improve its performance. A) formal B) informal C) functional D) evaluative E) reactive
Answer: C
60) Which of the following can act as a common denominator to unite members of a given culture or subculture? A) mechanistic organizational structure B) 360-degree appraisals C) jargons and acronyms that are specific to the organization D) bureaucratic organizational structure E) narrow span of control
Answer: C
63) Which of the following is typically a characteristic of an organic model of organization? A) narrow spans of control B) centralization C) free flow of information D) high formalization E) inflexibility
Answer: C
64) Ask Socrates Inc. employees are allowed to dress informally. This is an example of a ________ through which organizational culture is transmitted. A) primary procedure B) ritual C) material symbol D) symbolic act E) fundamental mechanism
Answer: C
64) Biozone provides its employees career counseling, skills workshops, and networking sessions. This work-life initiative used by Biozone falls under the category of ________. A) direct services B) time based strategies C) information based strategies D) money-based strategies E) culture-change strategies
Answer: C
64) In a negotiation process, which of the following activities is included in the closure and implementation step? A) determining your best alternative to a negotiated agreement B) justifying your original demands C) formalizing the agreement that has been worked out D) determining time constraints, if any, applicable to negotiation E) exchange of the initial proposals or demands
Answer: C
66) Organizations following a(n) ________ strategy try to both minimize risk and maximize opportunity for profit, moving into new products or new markets only after innovators have proven their viability. A) innovation B) cost-cutting C) imitation D) organic E) mechanistic
Answer: C
66) Stratford Inc. is a company that hires culturally diverse people to perform Shakespearean plays for high school students. The company employs actors and actresses from all over the world. The actors and actresses have joined together to ask the company for higher salaries. The employees are struggling over deciding who will negotiate for them. Which of the following statements is true pertaining to the effect of individual differences on negotiations? A) Women tend to negotiate better outcomes than men. B) Extraverts tend to be very successful in distributive bargaining. C) People who are highly interested in having positive relationships with other people are poor negotiators. D) Individuals who score high on agreeableness dimension tend to be very successful in distributive bargaining. E) Positive moods and emotions negatively affect integrative bargaining.
Answer: C
67) One of Carl's department employees was severely injured on the job. Carl has called in psychological counselors to talk to the other employees and scheduled a series of safety trainings for the department to be completed by the end of the week. He has also asked the HR personnel to talk to the department about the disability insurance that the company offers and make sure that his employees know what is available. Carl is using ________ to help cope with the stress caused by his employee's injury. A) demands B) action research C) resources D) innovation E) appreciative inquiry
Answer: C
67) The government passes a new law requiring all companies to offer employees unpaid time off to care for their children. This would harm the economic competitiveness of the nation's businesses as companies must be free to set their own employment policies without mandated parental-leave regulations. Which of the following, if true, would weaken the argument? A) A parental-leave law will serve to strengthen the family as a social institution in this country. B) Most businesses in the country already offer employees some form of parental leave. C) Some of the countries with the most economically competitive businesses have strong parental-leave regulations. D) The proposed parental-leave law does not apply to small-scale industries. E) In most polls, a majority of citizens say they favor passage of a parental-leave law.
Answer: C
67) Which of the following is most likely to be a characteristic of an organization pursuing an innovation strategy? A) high formalization B) high specialization C) decentralized control D) rigid departmentalization E) narrow span of control
Answer: C
68) A positive organizational culture emphasizes ________. A) the use of negative reinforcement and punishment B) the use of rituals in transmitting organizational culture C) individual vitality and growth D) the significance of highly centralized management E) organizational standardization and institutionalization
Answer: C
7) A paper sales company designs and offers a new method of purchasing and shipping commercial quantities of paper through its Web site. The company used to do its business through its sales representative. This is an example of a(n) ________ change. A) accidental B) secondary C) planned D) cognitive E) integrated
Answer: C
70) Which of the following methods of third-party negotiation always results in a settlement? A) mediation B) consultancy C) arbitration D) conciliation E) execution
Answer: C
71) Benny is stressed with the new corporate reorganization. He now reports to a foreign office that has usurped many of his responsibilities, including the contract labor for his projects. Therefore, he's working with new and less qualified contractors with whom he doesn't have a relationship. However, the managers of the other departments find themselves in the same boat, and every day they are able to laugh over lunch about their new managerial impotence. ________ is helping Benny handle his stress. A) Emotional contagion B) Cognitive dissonance C) Social support D) Time management E) Self-efficacy
Answer: C
71) Liz is the lead editor for a small, city newspaper. One of her advertising sales representatives is pulling in a lot of restaurant clients. Liz realizes that the representative is quite knowledgeable about food and speaks quite elegantly when describing different dishes. She has begun discussing with the representative the possibility of collaborating with a writer to include a weekly restaurant review that includes the representative on the byline. After the first couple of reviews, the representative is able to increase ad sizes and sales. He is very happy with his new job diversification. Which aspect of creating a positive organizational culture is Liz utilizing? A) rewarding more than punishing B) building on organization strengths C) emphasizing individual vitality and growth D) creating loose management oversight E) using narrow spans of control
Answer: C
72) Organizations that promote a spiritual culture ________. A) use stories for transmitting the organizational culture to the employees B) use wide spans of control C) recognize that people seek to find meaning and purpose in their work D) de-emphasize community differences within the organization E) tend to downplay the importance of employee satisfaction
Answer: C
73) The ________ of an environment refers to the degree of heterogeneity and concentration among environmental elements. A) density B) simplicity C) complexity D) intricacy E) permeability
Answer: C
73) Which of the following terms refers to the recognition that people have an inner life that nourishes and is nourished by meaningful work that takes place in the context of community? A) dominant culture B) fundamental mechanism C) workplace spirituality D) outcome orientation E) subculture
Answer: C
74) Excessive smoking, substance abuse, and sleep disorders are all examples of ________ symptoms of stress. A) personal B) psychological C) behavioral D) physiological E) pathological
Answer: C
74) How can U.S. managers be culturally sensitive? A) by indulging in frequent discussions about religion B) by discussing politics frequently C) by listening more D) by speaking quickly E) by talking in a high tone of voice
Answer: C
74) Work specialization contributes to higher employee productivity, but at the price of ________. A) reduced economies of scale B) increased cost C) reduced job satisfaction D) restricted flow of information E) increased complexity
Answer: C
75) The two parties eventually agree to ask Sam Spade, an attorney and trusted friend, to help them informally to solve their problem. Sam's role is that of a(n) ________. A) mediator B) arbitrator C) conciliator D) consultant E) plaintiff
Answer: C
76) Harald is opening a manufacturing plant with a mechanistic and centralized structure. Employees from which of the following countries will be least comfortable with this type of a structure? A) Greece B) Peru C) Canada D) France E) Chile
Answer: C
76) Which of the following statements is true regarding effects of national culture on organizational culture and ethical behavior within organization? A) As compared to managers in the United States, managers in developing economies are less likely to see ethical decisions as embedded in a social environment. B) Organizations can safely ignore local culture while establishing its operation in another country. C) Generally, U.S. managers see bribery, nepotism, and favoring personal contacts as highly unethical. D) Organizational cultures rarely reflect national culture. E) Most U.S. managers do not view profit maximization as a moral obligation.
Answer: C
77) Which of the following statements is not true regarding organizational approaches to managing stress? A) With goal-setting in the organization, individuals perform better when they have specific and challenging goals and receive feedback on their progress toward these goals. B) Redesigning jobs to give employees more responsibility, more meaningful work, more autonomy, and increased feedback can reduce stress. C) Managers should consider decreasing employee involvement in decision making because evidence clearly shows that decreases in employee empowerment reduce psychological strain. D) Increasing formal organizational communication with employees reduces uncertainty. E) Some employees need an occasional escape from the pace of their work.
Answer: C
8) Which of the following statements is true regarding an organization's culture? A) Organizational culture is evaluative rather than descriptive. B) Large organizations rarely have subcultures. C) A dominant culture expresses the core values shared by a majority of the organization's members. D) A strong culture reduces employee satisfaction and increases employee turnover. E) Subcultures and dominant cultures do not share any common values.
Answer: C
A) preparation and planning B) definition of ground rules C) clarification and justification D) bargaining and problem solving E) closure and implementation
Answer: C
Fony Corp., headquartered in China, is a leading manufacturer of electronic devices and solutions intended for professional markets. The company is considering upgrading the technology currently being used at Fony's manufacturing facility located in Guangdong that specializes in producing lithium-ion batteries, which are used to power laptops, cameras, cell phones, and other similar gadgets. The new technology is expected to increase efficiency levels and will also allow for greater adherence to quality standards. 4) Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument that Fony Corp. should upgrade its technology? A) The market for consumer electronics such as laptops, cameras, cell phones, and other similar gadgets is in the late maturity stage. B) Fony will be able to recover the cost of the new technology within eight years. C) Fony's main client account is at risk after the client had to recall nearly 2 million notebooks owing to defective batteries. D) The existing technology is currently functioning at the optimal level and the cost of maintenance is minimal. E) Fony last upgraded its technology six years ago and it has an adequate budget to fund the acquisition.
Answer: C
Organizational Behavior, 16e (Robbins/Judge) Chapter 15 Foundations of Organization Structure 1) The term which is used to describe the degree to which tasks in an organization are subdivided into separate jobs is called ________. A) social clustering B) bureaucracy C) work specialization D) centralization E) departmentalization
Answer: C
61) Alcoa headquarters has few individual offices, even for senior executives. The space is essentially made up of cubicles, common areas, and meeting rooms. This informality conveys to employees that Alcoa values ________. A) autocracy B) competitiveness C) rigidity D) equality E) formalization
Answer: D
Organizational Behavior, 16e (Robbins/Judge) Chapter 16 Organizational Culture 1) Manuel is a manager for a manufacturing company in which managers are expected to fully document all decisions and in which it is important to provide detailed data to support any recommendations. Also, out-of-the-box thinking is dissuaded. Which characteristic of organizational culture describes this aspect of Manuel's job? A) low team orientation B) high aggressiveness C) low risk taking D) low outcome orientation E) high people orientation
Answer: C
Scarlett has received authorization to add an assistant manager to her department. This person will be working closely with Scarlett and must have excellent interpersonal as well as technical skills. Scarlett wants to make certain that she maximizes the chance of choosing the correct individual and is trying to decide on the most appropriate selection device. 18) Which of the following is most likely to be used by Scarlett during the initial selection stage to check if an applicant meets the basic qualifications for a job? A) assessment center B) drug test C) application form D) work-sample test E) integrity test
Answer: C
You are interested in explaining the different types of organizational designs to students of basic management. These students need to know the advantages and disadvantages of each structure as well as the structure's characteristics. 41) You extol the virtues and benefits of standardization. You are most likely to be promoting the ________. A) matrix structure B) virtual organization C) bureaucracy D) boundaryless structure E) simple structure
Answer: C
10) Mike and Keith are on the same team; they work well with other people in the same team but don't get along with each other. This type of conflict can best be described as ________. A) intragroup B) bilateral C) intergroup D) dyadic E) dual
Answer: D
10) Performance-simulation tests have higher ________, which measures whether applicants perceive the measures to be accurate. A) nominal validity B) nominal reasonability C) face cognitivity D) face validity E) face legitimacy
Answer: D
11) Span of control is a key element of an organization's structure. Which of the following key questions is addressed by this element? A) On what basis will jobs be grouped together? B) To whom do individuals and groups report? C) To what degree will there be rules and regulations to direct employees and managers? D) How many individuals can a manager efficiently and effectively direct? E) To what degree are activities subdivided into separate jobs?
Answer: D
12) Assessment centers are typically used to evaluate a candidate's ________ potential. A) linguistic B) technical C) cognitive D) managerial E) analytical
Answer: D
12) Conflict between two people is called ________ conflict. A) intragroup B) bilateral C) intergroup D) dyadic E) dual
Answer: D
14) Organizations have built-in mechanisms—like their selection processes and formalized regulations—to produce stability. When an organization is confronted with change, these mechanisms act as a counterbalance to sustain stability. Which of the following organizational sources of resistance to change is represented by these mechanisms? A) group inertia B) selective information processing C) employee-orientation D) structural inertia E) product- orientation
Answer: D
16) Matt works as a sales representative at Tandem Industries, which manufactures and sells bicycles. He's the best salesman on the floor, but he also receives the highest number of customer complaints for late deliveries. Which of the following, if true, best explains this situation? A) The company uses enterprise solutions to manage inventory. B) The company's manufacturing facility is functioning at optimum capacity. C) The company's sales and logistics functions are tightly integrated. D) The company keeps inventory levels low in order to reduce costs. E) The company has an efficient credit verification process.
Answer: D
18) Limited focus of change is a major source of resistance to change that originates from an organizational source. It indicates that ________. A) groups in the organization that control sizable resources often resist change B) changes in organizational patterns may threaten the expertise of specialized groups so these groups tend to resist change C) organizations have structural inertia that acts as a counterbalance to sustain stability D) organizations consist of a number of interdependent subsystems and one can't be changed without affecting the others E) even if individuals want to change their behavior, group norms may act as a constraint
Answer: D
18) Which of the following statements is true regarding conflict? A) The smaller the group, the greater the likelihood of conflict. B) The less specialized the activities of the group, the greater the likelihood of conflict. C) People low in the personality traits of disagreeableness, neuroticism, or self-monitoring are more likely to engage in a conflict. D) Diversity of goals among groups is a major source of conflict. E) As the ambiguity about where responsibility for actions lies decreases, the potential for conflict increases.
Answer: D
2) Conservationists have had a perpetual conflict with the government of the United States over the fast and rampant depletion of Earth's natural resources. They argue that the United States must reduce its consumption level significantly to rectify this problem. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conservationists' argument? A) The United States has been conserving forests for several years. B) Most countries have not taken any measures to reduce their consumption levels of natural resources. C) There are several countries that have more requirements for resources than the United States. D) The United States accounts for one-third of the total world resource consumption. E) New resource deposits are constantly being discovered.
Answer: D
20) Which of the following is a common contingent selection method? A) IQ test B) interview C) interest inventory D) drug test E) work-sample test
Answer: D
22) The conflict-handling techniques are characterized by two dimensions, cooperativeness and assertiveness. Cooperativeness indicates the degree to which ________. A) one party attempts to satisfy his or her own concerns B) one party attempts to suppress the conflict C) the parties attempt to find a win-win solution D) one party attempts to satisfy the other party's concerns E) the parties are willing to involve a third party in conflict resolution
Answer: D
40) Which of the following is the last step in Kotter's eight-step plan for implementing change? A) Form a coalition with enough power to lead the change. B) Establish a sense of urgency by creating a compelling reason for why change is needed. C) Communicate the vision throughout the organization. D) Reinforce the changes by demonstrating the relationship between new behaviors and organizational success. E) Consolidate improvements, reassess changes, and make necessary adjustments in the new programs.
Answer: D
24) Which of the following statements is true regarding the establishment of the organizational culture and its effects on the organization? A) Today's trend toward decentralized organizations makes it is easier to establish a strong culture. B) In a virtual organization, a strong culture can be established quickly and easily. C) Employees organized in teams always show greater allegiance to the values of the organization as a whole than to their team and its values. D) Culture acts as a control mechanism and guides the behavior of employees. E) Cultures reduce the stability of the social system in an organization.
Answer: D
25) By training employees on how to be better listeners, organizations attempt to improve their ________ skills. A) ethical B) technical C) problem-solving D) interpersonal E) cultural
Answer: D
25) Management of a company threatens to close a manufacturing plant in the company whose employees are resisting an across-the-board pay cut. But this threat is actually untrue. In this case, which of the following tactics of overcoming resistance to change is being used by the management? A) procedural fairness B) negotiation C) conciliation D) manipulation E) arbitration
Answer: D
26) Lewis is a sales representative for his company. He is attending a company training program about the types of expenses that are considered legal deductions for tax purposes and how to distinguish between personal expenses and business expenses. Lewis is attending training to improve his ________ skills. A) literacy B) problem-solving C) interpersonal D) ethical E) technical
Answer: D
27) A(n) ________ organization is an organization that takes on a life of its own, apart from its founders or members; it is valued for itself and not for the goods or services it produces. A) virtual B) matrix C) boundaryless D) institutionalized E) centralized
Answer: D
28) The conflict-handling intention of accommodating is ________. A) assertive and uncooperative B) assertive and cooperative C) unassertive and uncooperative D) unassertive and cooperative E) reflective and assertive
Answer: D
29) Rainbow Corp. hires a new secretary, Polonova, who differs from the vast majority of the company's employees in terms of her ethnicity. The company has a collectivist culture with a culturally diverse workforce and several policies to support the minorities. Yet, after a few weeks, she quits the company. Which of the following, if true, helps explain why she quit? A) Rainbow Corp. recently had a huge turnover and plans to expand its market. B) All secretaries, regardless of their gender, are paid equal salaries at Rainbow Corp. C) Polonova is gregarious and comfortable in changing contexts and ambiguous situations. D) Polonova has a strong sense of personal ambition and independence. E) Polonova is more likely to conform to others' ideas and opinions rather than come up with her own.
Answer: D
29) The application of direct threats or force upon resisters is called ________. A) negotiation B) cooptation C) manipulation D) coercion E) arbitration
Answer: D
29) You are introducing self-managed teams and implementing quality-management programs. It would be important to conduct training in ________ skills. A) basic literacy B) technical C) interpersonal D) problem-solving E) interdependence
Answer: D
3) Which of the following characteristics of an organization's culture indicates the degree to which management decisions take into consideration the effect of outcomes on employees within the organization? A) attention to detail B) outcome orientation C) team orientation D) people orientation E) stability
Answer: D
30) The ultimate source of an organization's culture is ________. A) its top management B) its environment C) the country in which the organization operates D) its founders E) the sociocultural backgrounds of its employees
Answer: D
31) The ________ process helps candidates learn about the organization, and if employees perceive a conflict between their values and those of the organization, they can remove themselves from the applicant pool. A) orientation B) training C) performance evaluation D) selection E) institutionalization
Answer: D
31) ________ training involves employees helping each other out at the workplace in an unplanned and unstructured environment. A) Formal B) Ethics C) Interpersonal D) Informal E) Classroom
Answer: D
32) You have threatened to eliminate positions and even to close down the company if your sales personnel don't change their attitudes. The method for overcoming resistance that you have chosen is ________. A) education and communication B) participation C) negotiation D) coercion E) cooptation
Answer: D
34) In which stage of the conflict process does conflict become visible? A) outcomes B) intentions C) incompatibility D) behavior E) personalization
Answer: D
37) Identify the correct order of stages in the socialization process. A) encounter, metamorphosis, post-encounter B) prearrival, arrival, evaluation C) prearrival, arrival, post-arrival D) prearrival, encounter, metamorphosis E) metamorphosis, preencounter, arrival
Answer: D
38) Which of the following statements is true regarding a bureaucracy? A) Bureaucracies are characterized by a low degree of formalization. B) Bureaucracy is an ideal organizational design for those organizations that operate under highly uncertain conditions. C) Typically, bureaucracies have wider spans of control. D) Bureaucracies can get by with less talented middle- and lower-level managers. E) Bureaucracies encourage employee empowerment.
Answer: D
4) According to the ________ view of conflict, conflict can be a positive force in a group and some conflict is absolutely necessary for a group to perform effectively. A) resolution focused B) traditional C) managed D) interactionist E) transactional
Answer: D
4) Which of the following is most likely to be an initial selection device? A) technical interview B) drug test C) written test D) background check E) work-sample test
Answer: D
60) ________ is a systematic effort to make an organization leaner by selling off business units, closing locations, or reducing staff. A) Removing boundaries B) Departmentalizing C) Decentralizing D) Downsizing E) Formalizing
Answer: D
91) In terms of intraorganizational behavior, all things being equal, integrative bargaining is preferable to distributive bargaining.
Answer: True
41) Which of the following statements is true regarding negotiation that takes place in a collectivist culture? A) Collectivists are less likely to seek to preserve relationships and promote the good of the group as a whole than individualists. B) Collectivists are more likely to confront differences of opinion directly and openly than individualists. C) Collectivist cultures see people as autonomous, not as people deeply embedded in social situations. D) Compared to individualists, collectivists are less likely to see offers from their counterparts as unfair and to reject them. E) The method of conflict management preferred by collectivist managers is competing.
Answer: D
45) ________ socialization assumes that the newcomer's qualities and qualifications are the necessary ingredients for job success, so these qualities and qualifications are confirmed and supported. A) Variable B) Collective C) Serial D) Investiture E) Formal
Answer: D
47) If a manager uses critical incidents as a method of performance evaluation, then ________. A) the employees generally receive poor ratings B) the evaluator's writing skills become the determining factor of the evaluation C) the employees are more likely to become motivated to achieve their goals D) the focus of the evaluation will center on key behaviors E) the cost of the evaluation is likely to be incredibly high for the organization
Answer: D
47) ________ socialization tries to strip away certain characteristics of the recruit. A) Random B) Fixed C) Collective D) Divestiture E) Formal
Answer: D
48) ________ is a method of changing behavior through unstructured group interaction. A) Action research B) Planned modification C) Process consultation D) Sensitivity training E) Psychoanalysis
Answer: D
49) By the end of the ________ stage of socialization, the new members internalize and accept the norms of the organization and their work group, are confident in their competence, and feel trusted and valued by their peers. A) encounter B) post-arrival C) establishment D) metamorphosis E) adaptation
Answer: D
49) Which of the following is an organizational development technique that involves an outsider assisting a manager to identify what to improve and how? A) action research B) intergroup development C) appreciative inquiry D) process consultation E) social reinforcement
Answer: D
50) Which of the following statements is true regarding a virtual organization? A) A virtual organization is sometimes called matrix organization. B) A virtual organization is highly decentralized. C) A virtual organization is characterized by a high degree of departmentalization. D) A virtual organization tends to have unclear roles, goals, and responsibilities. E) A virtual organization lacks flexibility.
Answer: D
50) ________ involves evaluating one's performance against the performance of one or more others. A) BARS B) The critical incident method C) An assessment center evaluation D) Forced comparison E) Likert analysis
Answer: D
52) Appreciative inquiry (AI) is an organizational development technique. Which of the following statements is true regarding appreciative inquiry? A) It tries to identify discrepancies among member perceptions and solve these differences. B) It uses high-interaction group activities to increase trust and openness among team members, improve coordinative efforts, and increase team performance. C) It involves an outside consultant who helps the manager to analyze processes within his or her unit and identify what to improve and how. D) It consists of four steps including discovery, dreaming, design, and destiny. E) It seeks to change groups' attitudes, stereotypes, and perceptions about each other.
Answer: D
52) During a negotiation, making an initial offer leads to the ________ bias. A) self-serving B) framing C) attributional D) anchoring E) belief
Answer: D
53) Which of the following performance evaluation methods is often used in recommending students to graduate schools? A) written essays B) critical incident analysis C) BARS D) group order ranking E) graphic rating scales
Answer: D
54) When you start to accept the differences between your expectations and the reality of the organization, you move into the ________ stage of socialization. A) prearrival B) post-arrival C) acceptance D) metamorphosis E) post-encounter
Answer: D
55) Your supervisor provides you a mentor to help you with your work and guide you. This shows that your supervisor is using a(n) ________ socialization technique. A) divestiture B) random C) informal D) serial E) variable
Answer: D
56) A boundaryless organization is most likely to ________. A) encourage hierarchical structure B) avoid using cross-hierarchical teams C) discourage participative decision-making practices D) use 360-degree performance appraisals E) replace empowered teams with departments
Answer: D
58) You decide to eliminate horizontal, vertical, and external barriers within your organization. You want to operate as a ________ organization. A) matrix B) formalized C) team structure D) boundaryless E) centralized
Answer: D
59) Formal performance appraisals are used more frequently in countries that ________. A) value status quo and rigidity B) are low in assertiveness C) are low in uncertainty avoidance D) are low in in-group collectivism E) have long-term orientation
Answer: D
6) AgriProducers has customers all over the United States that need their soil and crops tested in their labs. The crops and soil are different in the various large areas of the nation, such as the West Coast and the Midwest. Which type of departmentalization would be best for AgriProducers? A) functional B) process C) product D) geographic E) temporal
Answer: D
6) Which of the following statements best describes the difference between organizational culture and job satisfaction? A) Job satisfaction depends upon the level of "power distance" in the country, but organizational culture does not. B) Organizational culture is static, whereas job satisfaction is dynamic. C) Job satisfaction is immeasurable, whereas organizational culture is measurable. D) Organizational culture is descriptive, whereas job satisfaction is evaluative. E) Job satisfaction depends on the structure of the organization, but organizational culture does not.
Answer: D
76) The traditional view of conflict recognizes that a minimal level of conflict can help keep a group viable, self-critical, and creative.
Answer: False
63) During which phase of the negotiation process do the parties have the actual discussion to hash out an agreement? A) preparation and planning B) definition of ground rules C) closure and implementation D) bargaining and problem-solving E) integration of preferences
Answer: D
67) Pam works for a corporation that recently fired three top managers who were caught using the company credit cards to lavishly furnish their offices and even purchase "office" furniture that was found in their personal homes. Which method of maintaining an ethical culture is Pam's company pursuing? A) serve as a visible role model B) communicate ethical expectations C) provide ethical training D) visibly punish unethical acts E) provide protective mechanisms
Answer: D
68) Which of the following is most likely to be a characteristic of an organization pursuing a cost-minimization strategy? A) lack of tight control B) wide span of control C) low work specialization D) high centralization E) low formalization
Answer: D
69) Larry has an employee who is amazing at clearly seeing rules and enforcing them. He has recently promoted her to the lead position in quality assurance. Which method of creating a positive organizational culture is Larry utilizing? A) rewarding more than punishing B) building on organization strengths C) using standardized practices D) building on employee strengths E) transmitting organizational culture through rituals
Answer: D
69) Which of the following terms refers to the way an organization transfers inputs into outputs? A) volatility B) formalization C) complexity D) technology E) environment
Answer: D
7) Porco Rosso, an aircraft manufacturer with a strong presence in the United States, is looking to expand its market overseas. The firm currently sells its aircraft to several airlines in the United Kingdom but now wants to establish manufacturing units there as well in order to acquire a bigger share in the European market. Hence, it plans to merge with QueenAir, a British aircraft manufacturer. Which of the following, if true, would weaken the company's decision to merge with QueenAir? A) Merging with QueenAir would increase its profits considerably. B) There is increasing economic uncertainty in its U.S. market. C) The preferences of airline customers in Europe and the U.S. are similar. D) There is a striking difference in the organizational cultures of the two firms. E) A competitor in the U.S. market recently went out of business.
Answer: D
7) Procter & Gamble has separate departments for Tide, Pampers, Charmin, and Pringles. This is an example of departmentalization by ________. A) function B) process C) geography D) product E) interest
Answer: D
72) In third-party negotiations, a third party who provides an informal communication link between the negotiator and the opponent is known as a(n) ________. A) plaintiff B) arbitrator C) consultant D) conciliator E) executor
Answer: D
75) Some individuals want work that makes minimal intellectual demands and provides the security of routine; for them, ________ is a source of job satisfaction. A) free flow of information B) wide span of control C) low formalization D) high work specialization E) high decentralization
Answer: D
76) Louise is overwhelmed with the new tasks that she has been assigned after the department merger. Each day, she arrives at work and makes a list of the new tasks, writes a number next to each one according to the urgency of completion, and schedules a time to complete each one. Although she's still stressed, Louise is able to get most of the work done and feels better at the end of the day. Louise is using ________ techniques to reduce her stress. A) job enrichment B) goal setting C) relaxation D) time-management E) job enlargement
Answer: D
8) Wiper Inc., a parts supplier, has separate departments for government aircraft and contracts, large commercial aircraft clients, and small personal aircraft clients. This is an example of departmentalization on the basis of ________. A) product B) function C) geography D) customer E) service
Answer: D
8) ________ are persons who act as catalysts and assume the responsibility for managing refinement activities. A) Early adopters B) Free riders C) Laggards D) Change agents E) Whistle-blowers
Answer: D
9) Which of the following reactions from employees is preferable as a response to change? A) silence B) apathy C) resignation D) open discussion E) increase in the use of sick time
Answer: D
9) Written tests are used during the ________ stage of the selection process. A) cognitive B) associative C) analytic D) substantive E) initial
Answer: D
Sirius Corp, an automobile manufacturer in Texas, has a number of vacancies at lower management levels, which is important for the company's future development, and wants to fill the positions from within the company itself rather than recruit externally. The company plans to e-mail the job specifications to all employees and post the jobs on the company Web site. 39) Which of the following, if true, will strengthen the company's decision? A) The majority of the company employees have only a basic level of education. B) The company recently instituted a technical skills improvement program for shop floor employees. C) A top recruitment agency recently sent the company details of prospective college candidates. D) Several top performing entry level employees have received offers from rival companies. E) A majority of the company's employees are reaching the age of retirement.
Answer: D
5) The key characteristic of organizational culture that addresses the degree to which people are competitive rather than easygoing is termed ________. A) assertiveness B) team orientation C) averseness D) risk taking E) aggressiveness
Answer: E
94) A popular stereotype is that men are more cooperative and pleasant in negotiations than women.
Answer: False
10) It is easiest for management to deal with resistance when it is ________. A) concealed B) deferred C) passive D) implicit E) overt
Answer: E
11) A(n) ________ resistance to change clouds the link between the change and the reaction to it and may surface weeks, months, or even years later. A) overt B) immediate C) active D) explicit E) deferred
Answer: E
11) ________ are indicators of a strong organizational culture. A) High levels of dissension B) High rates of employee turnover C) Completely horizontal organizational charts D) Narrowly defined roles E) Widely shared values
Answer: E
12) Which of the following resistances to change is overt and immediate? A) loss of loyalty B) increased absenteeism C) loss of motivation D) increased error E) complaint
Answer: E
13) The principle of ________ helps preserve the concept of an unbroken line of authority. A) span of control B) departmentalization C) cross-functionality D) centralization E) unity of command
Answer: E
15) Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding behavioral structured interviews? A) They are most useful when interviewing knowledge workers. B) They increase an interviewer's reliance on his or her "gut feelings." C) They are conducted in a similar manner as audition-type interviews. D) They are useful only for interviewing nonskilled workers. E) They increase the effectiveness of the interview technique.
Answer: E
19) In addition to the organizational culture at Rogue Vogue Corp, the finance department emphasizes attention to detail. In this example, attention to detail is a part of the ________ of the organization. A) core values B) significant traits C) dominant culture D) foundational values E) subculture
Answer: E
22) Due to the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act, job applicants ________. A) can be subjected to a drug test only if they are being considered for senior-level management positions B) are never required to submit to a physical exam for a job C) cannot be subjected to a work-sample test after a contingent job offer D) cannot be subjected to behavioral assessment tests before a contingent offer E) may be required to undergo a medical examination after they receive a contingent offer
Answer: E
23) While observing the departments in his division, Gordon notices that some managers with wide spans of control seem to perform more effectively than other managers with similarly sized spans of control. Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding the high-performing managers? A) These managers are paid higher salaries than the low-performing managers. B) These managers have external locus of control. C) The employees within their departments tend to compete to reach productivity goals, which boosts performance. D) The employees within their departments score high on agreeableness. E) The employees within their departments are highly skilled and very knowledgeable about their jobs.
Answer: E
24) Using covert influence to overcome resistance to change is called ________. A) negotiation B) conciliation C) education D) coercion E) manipulation
Answer: E
27) The more the lower-level personnel provide input or are actually given the discretion to make decisions, the ________ within that organization. A) higher is the degree of formalization B) lower is the level of empowerment C) lower is the degree of work specialization D) higher is the degree of departmentalization E) higher is the degree of decentralization
Answer: E
89) Serial socialization is characterized by the use of role models who train and encourage a newcomer.
Answer: True
29) Elena is the senior manager of a scientific operations team at a well-known clinical research organization. The organization delivers more than 4,000 solutions across more than 18 therapeutic areas. Being a perfectionist, Elena has reached her present position through hard work and dedication. Given that she has also worked effectively with teams in the past, she has recently been assigned to lead a team working on a new project which is critical to the company. Elena refuses to allocate any tasks to her team and decides to put in extra hours and weekends to complete the groundwork herself. Based on the information presented here, which of the following would best explain this contradiction? A) Elena feels she will not be able to guide her team well on the project. B) Elena is not very sociable with her colleagues. C) Elena feels that by delegating work, she will complicate her working relationship with the team. D) Elena feels that this project is vital to the team's success. E) Elena is reluctant to delegate work as she lacks confidence in her team's abilities.
Answer: E
30) A party who seeks to appease an opponent may be willing to place the opponent's interests above his or her own, sacrificing to maintain the relationship. We refer to this conflict-handling intention as ________. A) collaborating B) avoiding C) compromising D) competing E) accommodating
Answer: E
30) Publishing representatives who call on college professors to inform them of their company's new publications have a great deal of freedom in their jobs. They have only a general sales pitch, which they tailor as needed. Based on this information, we can say that the job of these publishing representatives ________. A) scores low on the degree of work specialization B) scores low on the degree of decentralization C) scores high on the degree of departmentalization D) scores high on the degree of centralization E) scores low on the degree of formalization
Answer: E
33) Who developed a three-step model for change that included unfreezing, movement, and refreezing? A) John Kotter B) David McClelland C) Douglas Surber D) Lawrence Summers E) Kurt Lewin
Answer: E
34) Mark is the owner of a local shoe business. He has fifteen employees who report directly to him, he makes all the decisions regarding the type and quality of shoes, and he looks after the shop's finances. Which type of organizational structure does Mark have? A) bureaucracy B) virtual structure C) matrix structure D) boundaryless structure E) simple structure
Answer: E
34) Which of the following is most likely to be the fastest growing training medium? A) job rotation B) live classroom lectures C) apprenticeships D) formal mentoring program E) e-training
Answer: E
35) A conflict-intensity continuum has "annihilatory conflict" at the upper end and "no conflict" at the lower end. In the context of this conflict-intensity continuum, which of the following statements is true of conflict intensities? A) Aggressive physical attacks fall in the lower range of the conflict-intensity continuum. B) Conflicts that reach the lower ranges of the conflict-intensity continuum are almost always dysfunctional. C) Strikes, riots, and wars fall in the lower range of the conflict-intensity continuum. D) In cases of annihilatory conflict, there is overt questioning or challenging of others. E) Functional conflicts are typically confined to the lower range of the conflict-intensity continuum.
Answer: E
35) Which of the following, if true, would weaken the argument to use coercive techniques in this situation? A) The company cannot afford to hire temp workers to handle the backlog and complete the work on time. B) The company has taken several efforts to improve the level of employee morale and motivation. C) The company's current work volumes are quite high. D) The company recently learned that one of its clients utilizes the services of a rival content management firm. E) The company just finished its peak season, during which employees were required to work overtime and on weekends.
Answer: E
39) Which of the following conflict management techniques involves designating a critic to purposely argue against the majority positions held by the group? A) altering the structural variables B) altering the human variable C) bringing in outsiders D) exercising authoritative command E) appointing a devil's advocate
Answer: E
4) Stability is one of the seven primary characteristics that capture the essence of an organization's culture. It indicates the degree to which ________. A) employees are encouraged to be innovative and take risks B) management focuses on results or outcomes rather than on the techniques and processes used to achieve them C) management decisions take into consideration the effect of outcomes on people within the organization D) work activities are organized around teams rather than individuals E) organizational activities emphasize maintaining the status quo in contrast to growth
Answer: E
4) The basis by which jobs are grouped is called ________. A) social clustering B) span of control C) work specialization D) centralization E) departmentalization
Answer: E
42) You explain to your students the structure of a local grocery store situated in your neighborhood. The store employs two full-time employees, a salesperson and a cashier. The owner of the store acts as its manager and makes all the decisions. Which of the following organizational structures is being described by you? A) matrix structure B) virtual structure C) bureaucracy D) boundaryless structure E) simple structure
Answer: E
43) Which of the following steps in Kotter's eight-step plan for implementing change represents the refreezing stage in Lewin's three-step model? A) Plan for, create, and reward short-term "wins" that move the organization toward the new vision. B) Consolidate improvements, reassess changes, and make necessary adjustments in the new programs. C) Create a new vision to direct the change and strategies for achieving the vision. D) Empower others to act on the vision by removing barriers to change and encouraging risk taking and creative problem solving. E) Reinforce the changes by demonstrating the relationship between new behaviors and organizational success.
Answer: E
44) Which of the following types of socialization involves putting the new employee directly into the job, with little or no special attention? A) investiture socialization B) serial socialization C) collective socialization D) fixed socialization E) informal socialization
Answer: E
45) Which one of the following problems is most likely to occur in a matrix structure? A) decreased response to environmental change B) increased social loafing C) loss of economies of scale D) increase in groupthink E) employees receiving conflicting directives
Answer: E
5) Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument that Fony Corp. should upgrade its technology? A) Employees fear that the new technology will render them obsolete. B) The company will be able to recover the cost of the technology within four years of implementation. C) The new technology is expected to reduce the company's overall cost of production. D) The company's main client is threatening legal action after it had to recall nearly 2 million notebooks owing to defective batteries. E) The technology which the company is considering adopting was recently developed and has not yet been successfully implemented in a real business context.
Answer: E
53) Which of the following steps could your supervisor take to best help you develop a commitment to your new company? A) encourage you to work independently at first to learn the ropes B) explain the rules and policies of the organization to you C) discourage you from putting too much emphasis on your perception of the organization D) encourage you to look carefully at your own assumptions, which may be biased E) encourage you to develop friendship ties within the organization
Answer: E
53) Which of the following steps of the appreciative inquiry attempts to identify what people think are the organization's strengths? A) dreaming B) destiny C) collaboration D) inferring E) discovery
Answer: E
55) Jeeves Consulting requires a performance evaluation method that is less time consuming to develop and administer and allows for quantitative analysis and comparison. An appropriate evaluation technique for Jeeves Consulting would be ________. A) written essays B) trait evaluations C) forced comparisons D) 360-degree evaluations E) graphic rating scales
Answer: E
55) None of the parties involved in the dispute wants to reach a win-win agreement. They are each highly focused on their demands, which they would like to achieve, otherwise known as their ________ points. A) focal B) distribution C) resistance D) tolerance E) target
Answer: E
57) Marcel hates the annual review process he has to do for the employees in his department. Although he is fully aware of some of his employees' faults, he is reluctant to discuss them in person, and is only comfortable writing them in an unsigned report that his supervisor will review. Marcel's behavior demonstrates ________. A) provision of due process B) inflated assessment of employee performance C) organizational citizenship behavior D) managerial sincerity E) fear of confrontation
Answer: E
57) Which of the following statements is true regarding innovation in organizations? A) Organic structures negatively influence innovation. B) Interunit communication is low in innovative organizations. C) Short tenure in management is associated with innovation. D) Innovation is nurtured when there is an abundance of resources. E) Innovative organizations reward both successes and failures.
Answer: E
59) Which of the following is a method that companies can use to break down cultural barriers in the global market? A) increase the degree of formalization B) use only organic structures C) increase the degree of centralization D) limit global expansion E) form strategic alliances
Answer: E
6) During a selection process, the ________ selection stage immediately follows the initial selection stage. A) cognitive B) associative C) analytic D) behavioral E) substantive
Answer: E
60) Work-life conflicts became noticeable in the 1980s when ________. A) the rate of inflation started increasing B) baby boomers' parents began to age C) men started giving more importance to family time D) workloads became historically heavier E) women, with dependent children, started entering the workforce
Answer: E
64) In order to make their firm a learning organization, managers should ________. A) increase the number of hierarchical levels in the organization B) avoid the use of cross-functional teams C) penalize mistakes D) increase the degree of departmentalization E) redesign the organizational structure
Answer: E
65) An organizational culture most likely to shape high ethical standards among its members is one that ________. A) is low in risk tolerance B) is high in aggressiveness C) focuses only on outcomes D) takes a short-term perspective E) balances the rights of multiple stakeholders
Answer: E
66) Which of the following stressors is likely to produce less strain than the other stressors? A) confusion over job responsibilities B) office politics C) lack of unity of command D) red tape E) pressure to complete tasks
Answer: E
66) Which of the following work-life initiatives is a direct service? A) elder care resources B) adoption assistance C) job sharing D) direct financial assistance E) onsite child care
Answer: E
67) Xanadu Industries manufactures and sells the same calipers as Utopia Industries. Employee wages account for 35 percent of the cost of manufacturing calipers at both Xanadu Industries and Utopia Industries. Xanadu Industries is seeking a competitive advantage over Utopia Industries. Richard, the manager put in charge of devising a strategy to meet this end, suggests lowering employee wages. This leads to a grave conflict between Richard and the labor union. Which of the following, if true, would suggest that the labor union will accept Richard's suggestion to lower the wages? A) As they make a large number of precision instruments, caliper manufacturers receive huge volume discounts on raw materials. B) Utopia Industries recently set up a new manufacturing facility in the vicinity. C) Xanadu Industries has taken away 20 percent of Utopia Industries' business over the last year. D) Utopia Industries pays its employees, on average, 10 percent more than does Xanadu Industries. E) Many people who work for manufacturing plants live in areas in which the manufacturing plant is the only source of employment.
Answer: E
70) Family issues, economic problems, and personality characteristics are examples of the ________ factor of potential stress. A) social B) environmental C) structural D) psychological E) personal
Answer: E
78) Organizationally supported programs that focus on the employee's total physical and mental condition, such as helping them quit smoking or control alcohol use, are called ________ programs. A) job redesign B) relaxation C) employee involvement D) organizational development E) wellness
Answer: E
8) Conflicts related to how the work gets done are called ________ conflicts. A) communication B) task C) job D) relationship E) process
Answer: E
9) Which of the following is not true regarding gender differences in negotiations? A) Men and women negotiate differently. B) Men value status more than women. C) Women value compassion and altruism more than men. D) Men place a higher value on economic outcomes than women. E) Women place a lower value on relationship outcomes than men.
Answer: E
Organizational Behavior, 16e (Robbins/Judge) Chapter 18 Organizational Change and Stress Management 1) An example of change in the nature of the workforce is an increase in ________. A) college attendance B) mergers and consolidations C) capital investment D) divorce rates E) cultural diversity
Answer: E
Rogue Vogue Corp. is an apparel company. To keep up with the latest changes in the fashion industry, the company has to come up with innovative designs and follow strict timelines. The culture of the company values aggressiveness, innovation, and risk taking. The members of the organization accept these cultural values. They know exactly what is expected of them, and these expectations go a long way in shaping their behavior. In addition to this, the culture of the marketing department is outcome oriented and the finance department emphasizes attention to detail. 17) The organizational culture of Rogue Vogue Corp. is an example of a(n) ________. A) autocratic culture B) subculture C) lowly formalized culture D) reflective culture E) dominant culture
Answer: E
68) The goal of initial selection is to determine the most qualified applicants from among those who meet basic qualifications.
Answer: False
71) A test that measures factors such as dependability, carefulness, responsibility, and honesty is referred to as a task variability test.
Answer: False
72) Performance-simulation tests have lower face validity (which measures whether applicants perceive the measures to be accurate) than written tests.
Answer: False
74) Under the Americans with Disabilities Act, firms cannot require employees to pass a medical exam before or after a job offer is made.
Answer: False
76) Most formal training involves employees simply helping each other out.
Answer: False
89) The matrix structure breaks the unity-of-command concept.
Answer: True
77) Aggressiveness is one of the seven primary characteristics of organizational culture that capture the essence of an organization's culture. It indicates the degree to which employees are encouraged to be innovative and take risks.
Answer: False
77) The interactionist view of conflict proposes that all conflicts are good.
Answer: False
77) Work specialization increases the time spent in changing tasks.
Answer: False
78) A formal mentoring program is an example of an off-the-job training method.
Answer: False
78) Attention to detail is a primary characteristic of an organization's culture that indicates the degree to which management focuses on results or outcomes rather than on the techniques and processes used to achieve them.
Answer: False
80) Companies with dominant market share are less susceptible to the forces of change than smaller businesses.
Answer: False
80) Individual traits are the strongest performance evaluation criteria.
Answer: False
80) Narrow spans of control increase the speed of decision making.
Answer: False
80) Recent research shows that task management among top management teams was negatively associated with their performance, whereas conflict lower in the organization was positively associated with group performance.
Answer: False
80) Subcultures act to undermine the dominant culture.
Answer: False
81) Social trends remain static.
Answer: False
82) As compared to a decentralized organization, a centralized organization can act more quickly to solve problems.
Answer: False
82) Studies exploring the impact of increasing cultural diversity in a workforce found that ethnically diverse groups produce less effective and less feasible ideas as compared to the ideas produced by all-Caucasian groups.
Answer: False
83) Departmentalization refers to the degree to which jobs within the organization are standardized.
Answer: False
83) During the behavior stage of the conflict process, the parties decide what the conflict is about.
Answer: False
83) The stronger an organization's culture, the more management should be concerned with developing formal rules and regulations to guide employee behavior.
Answer: False
84) Instrumental climates are positively associated with employee job satisfaction and organizational commitment.
Answer: False
84) The conflict-handling intention of accommodating is assertive and cooperative.
Answer: False
84) The group order ranking method of performance evaluation combines major elements from the critical incident and graphic rating scale approaches.
Answer: False
84) The simple structure is characterized by a high degree of departmentalization and narrow span of control.
Answer: False
85) Politics of change suggests that the impetus for change is more likely to come from inside change agents.
Answer: False
85) Supporting someone else's opinion despite your reservations about it is an example of collaborating.
Answer: False
86) Appreciative inquiry refers to a change process based on the systematic collection of data and selection of a change action based on what the analyzed data indicates.
Answer: False
86) The conflict-handling intention of compromising involves finding a solution that allows both parties' goals to be completely achieved.
Answer: False
87) The encounter stage of the socialization process consists of the period of learning that occurs before a new employee joins an organization.
Answer: False
88) A bureaucracy is characterized by decentralized authority and wider spans of control.
Answer: False
88) During the metamorphosis stage of the socialization process, a new employee compares his or her expectations—about the job, co-workers, the boss, and the organization in general—with the reality in the organization.
Answer: False
88) Negotiation is a process that begins when one party perceives that another party has negatively affected, or is about to negatively affect, something that the first party cares about.
Answer: False
88) Sensitivity training emphasizes changing behavior through structured group interaction.
Answer: False
89) Distributive bargaining attempts to create a win-win solution for both the parties.
Answer: False
89) Time pressures are the primary problem underlying work-life conflicts.
Answer: False
90) Apprenticeship and mentoring programs are examples of random socialization.
Answer: False
90) The matrix structure reduces the possibility of power struggles.
Answer: False
91) Appreciative inquiry involves identifying and fixing problems.
Answer: False
91) Formal socialization involves putting the new employee directly into the job, with little or no special attention.
Answer: False
92) A virtual organization lacks flexibility.
Answer: False
92) Individuals who bargain in teams reach fewer integrative agreements than those who bargain individually.
Answer: False
93) Short tenure in management is associated with innovation.
Answer: False
92) Innovation is nurtured where there are slack resources.
Answer: True
94) An organizational culture that encourages its managers to engage in severe competition and discourages them from taking risks and innovating is most likely to shape high ethical standards among its members.
Answer: False
95) A mechanistic model is similar to a boundaryless organization.
Answer: False
95) Double-loop learning is an error correction process that relies on past routines and present policies.
Answer: False
96) Learning organizations use single-loop learning.
Answer: False
97) Spiritual organizations discourage flexible thinking and creativity among employees.
Answer: False
97) Stressors associated with workload, pressure to complete tasks, and time urgency are examples of hindrance stressors.
Answer: False
69) Letters of recommendation are a form of background check.
Answer: True
70) Substantive selection methods are the heart of the selection process and include written tests, performance tests, and interviews.
Answer: True
73) In assessment centers, candidates are evaluated as they go through several days of exercises that simulate real problems they would confront on the job.
Answer: True
75) Technical training has become increasingly important because of changes in organizational design.
Answer: True
77) The most popular off-the-job training method is live classroom lectures.
Answer: True
78) Open and emotionally stable teams can put task conflict in perspective and focus on how the variance in ideas can help solve the problem rather than letting it degenerate into relationship conflicts.
Answer: True
78) The chain of command is an unbroken line of authority that extends from the top of the organization to the lowest echelon and clarifies who reports to whom.
Answer: True
79) Individuals with different backgrounds or at different levels in the organization will tend to describe the organization's culture in similar terms.
Answer: True
79) Narrow spans of control make vertical communication in the organization more complex.
Answer: True
79) Performance evaluations identify training and development needs.
Answer: True
79) Relationship conflicts are almost always dysfunctional.
Answer: True
81) A dominant culture expresses the core values a majority of members share and that give the organization its distinct personality.
Answer: True
81) In centralized organizations, top managers make all the decisions, and lower-level managers merely carry out their directives.
Answer: True
81) The 360-degree appraisal method takes into consideration feedback from co-workers, customers, and subordinates.
Answer: True
81) The potential for conflict increases when too much communication takes place.
Answer: True
82) A strong culture tends to reduce employee turnover.
Answer: True
82) Resistance to change can be positive if it leads to open discussion and debate.
Answer: True
82) The critical incidents method of performance evaluation focuses the evaluator's attention on the difference between executing a job effectively and executing it ineffectively.
Answer: True
83) Cooptation combines manipulation and participation.
Answer: True
83) Graphic rating scales are less time consuming to develop and administer and allow for quantitative analysis and comparison.
Answer: True
84) Employees are more accepting of changes when they are committed to the organization as a whole.
Answer: True
85) As the number of evaluators increases, the probability of attaining more accurate information increases.
Answer: True
85) Culture facilitates commitment to something larger than individual self-interest.
Answer: True
85) The simple structure becomes increasingly inadequate as an organization grows.
Answer: True
86) A strong culture tends to be a liability for an organization when its environment is undergoing rapid change.
Answer: True
86) Appraisers should be as close as possible in organizational level to the individual being evaluated.
Answer: True
86) The organizational design of a simple structure is highly risky.
Answer: True
87) Collectivists are more interested in demonstrations of concern and working through third parties to resolve disputes, whereas individualists are more likely to confront differences of opinion directly and openly.
Answer: True
87) Due process systems provide individuals with adequate notice of what is expected of them.
Answer: True
87) Organizational development (OD) is a collection of change methods that try to improve organizational effectiveness and employee well-being.
Answer: True
87) The strength of a bureaucracy lies in its ability to perform standardized activities in a highly efficient manner.
Answer: True
88) The performance review should be designed more as a counseling activity than as a judgment process.
Answer: True
89) In the case of process consultation, the consultants do not solve the organization's problems but rather guide or coach the client to solve his or her own problems after jointly diagnosing what needs improvement.
Answer: True
92) The more management relies on formal, collective, sequential, fixed, and serial socialization programs and emphasizes divestiture, the more likely newcomers' differences will be stripped away and replaced by standardized predictable behaviors.
Answer: True
93) A boundaryless organization tries to flatten the hierarchy and minimizes status and rank.
Answer: True
93) Jeff has a reputation for shouting angrily while negotiating. In contrast, Anita is known for her soft-spoken agreeable approach to negotiations. Jeff is more likely to get the concessions he wants than Anita.
Answer: True
93) Material symbols convey to employees the degree of egalitarianism that is desired by top management.
Answer: True
94) Idea champions display characteristics associated with transformational leadership.
Answer: True
94) The goal of a boundaryless organization is to break down cultural barriers.
Answer: True
95) A positive organizational culture emphasizes building on employee strengths, rewards more than it punishes, and emphasizes individual vitality and growth.
Answer: True
95) In third-party negotiations, a conciliator is a trusted third party who provides an informal communication link between the negotiator and the opponent.
Answer: True
96) The more scarce, dynamic, and complex the environment, the more organic a structure should be.
Answer: True
96) Workplace spirituality recognizes that people have an inner life that nourishes and is nourished by meaningful work in the context of community.
Answer: True
97) Managers must take individual differences, such as experience, personality, culture, and the work task, into account to maximize employee performance and satisfaction.
Answer: True
98) Organizational cultures often reflect national cultures.
Answer: True
60) Brian's team just had a research breakthrough. They'll need several thousands of dollars to complete the project. Brian has called a series of meetings in which he's promoting the significance of the new discovery, explaining the economic benefits that will result from the final project, and
Answer:ing questions. Brian is a(n) ________ within his company. A) change agent B) arbitrator C) manipulator D) idea champion E) stress creator \AAnswer: D
