Oceanography Exam 2
:Each hydrogen atom shares its single electron with electrons in the oxygen atom. Which type of bond is this? a-covalent bond b-hydrogen bond c-van der Waals bond d-ionic bond e-oxygen bond
a
Most processes that affect the ocean's salinity occur ___________. a-at the ocean surface b-at depths of 100-300 meters c-at depths of 500-1000 meters d-at depths of 1-2 kilometers e-at the ocean floor
a
The Baltic Sea has ____________ because of ______________. a-brackish water; large amounts of runoff b-brackish water; large amounts of evaporation c-hypersaline water; large amounts of runoff d-hypersaline water; large amounts of evaporation e-the same salinity as seawater; equal amounts of runoff and evaporation
a
The fact that ice is less dense than water, which causes ice to float, is due to ___________. a-the molecular packing of bulky ice crystals b-slower molecular motion c-its high latent heat of condensation d-its high latent heat of melting e-thermal contraction
a
The process of purifying seawater by removing most of its dissolved substances is called ___________. a-antisaltation b-desalination c-saltnomore d-dehalogenation e-unsalinification
b
What accounts for all of the unique properties of water? a-Water can be found to naturally exist in all three states of matter (solid, liquid, and gas). b-The water molecule's unique geometry causes it to have a resulting electrical polarity. c-All living things on Earth depend on it. d-Water is a liquid at normal room temperature. e-Hydrogen and oxygen are atoms that are light in weight.
b
A layer of rapid change of ocean density with depth is called a ___________. a-nutricline b-halocline c-pycnocline d-thermocline e-salicline
c
In an atom, the nucleus is composed of _____________ and _____________, and the ____________ orbit very quickly around the nucleus. a-electrons; neutrons; electrons b-electrons; protons; neutrons c-protons; neutrons; electrons d-neutrons; electrons; protons
c
Which of the following terms describes a rapid change in salinity with depth? a-thermocline b-isocline c-halocline d-pycnocline e-saltocline
c
Where is the salinity of ocean surface waters highest? a-the North Pole b-about 75 degrees north or south of the equator c-about 50 degrees north or south of the equator d-about 25 degrees north or south of the equator e-the equator
d
Which of the following increases the salinity of seawater? a-runoff entering the ocean b-precipitation into the ocean c-icebergs melting in the ocean d-evaporation of seawater e-runoff and precipitation into the ocean only
d
Which type of bond holds adjacent water molecules together? a-plasma bond b-covalent bond c-ionic bond d-hydrogen bond e-oxygen bond
d
In the open ocean, average seawater salinity is ___________. a-0.0035‰ b-0.035‰ c-0.35‰ d-3.5‰ e-35‰
e
The Red Sea has ____________ water because of large amounts of ______________. a-brackish; runoff b-brackish; evaporation c-brackish; precipitation d-hypersaline; runoff e-hypersaline; evaporation
e
The density of seawater increases with ________ in temperature and ________ in salinity. a-a decrease; an increase b-a decrease; a decrease c-an increase; a decrease d-an increase; an increase e-None of the choices is correct, because seawater density is independent of temperature and salinity.
e
There is no pycnocline in _______ latitude regions because _____________. a-high-; there is an excess of carbon dioxide at the surface, thus creating conditions of pH disequilibrium b-low-; it obeys the principle of constant proportions c-low-; the water is so clear there d-low-; the water is too cold there e-high-; it has sunk below the surface f-high-; the water column is uniformly cold and dense
f
In the high latitudes, there is a prominent and well-developed thermocline. True False
false
The heat capacity of water is lower than that of most other substances. True False
false
In water vapor, there is no interconnectedness of individual water molecules (no hydrogen bonds). True False
true
Latent heat can be absorbed or released only as water undergoes the process of changing state (e.g., as water changes from a liquid to a solid). True False
true