Organizational Theory and Behavior Exam 2

Telecommuting is an example of an organization using a. alternative workplaces b. part-time employees c. seasonal employees d. full-time employees e. alternative employees

A

A performance bonus is an example of a. classical conditioning b. extinction c. positive reinforcement d. negative reinforcement e. punishment

C

In which stage is the group considered to be mature? a. communication and decision making b. productivity c. control and organization d. mutual acceptance e. motivation

C

A decision maker's actions should be guided by a. personal opinions b. a code of honor c. interpersonal relationships d. an operating budget e. a goal

E

According to Herzberg, ___ factors are intrinsic to the job and increase satisfaction. a. motivation b. hygiene c. engagement d. happiness e. acceptability

A

Any time a customer voices a complaint about the way the food tastes, the restaurant manager always offers a complimentary meal. This represents a. cognitive dissonance b. a standard decision c. a nonprogrammed decision d. experience e. a decision rule

A

Which of the following is categorized as a formal group? a. command b. social c. interest d. friendship e. grapevine

A

It is possible for the same decision to be ___ for an experienced manager and nonprogrammed for a more junior manager. a. strategic b. programmed c. tactical d. risky e. none of these are correct

B

The first widespread model that addressed how individual work should be designed focused on a. job enrichment b. job specialization c. job rotation d. motivational design e. job enlargement

B

Which theory serves as the basis for job enrichment? a. equity theory b. two-factor theory c. need theory d. Maslow's hierarchy of needs e. expectancy theory

B

____ is the set of forces that causes people to engage in a behavior, rather than an alternative behavior. a. equilibrium b. motivation c. activity d. autonomy e. task identity

B

During the ___ phase of team implementation, managers should provide encouragement, monitor performance, and sometimes protect teams from those who want to see the team fail. a. tightly formed teams b. leader-centered teams c. reality and unrest d. start-up e. self-managing teams

C

For various reasons, Anne is unable to move ahead into a higher position at work. According to ERG theory, which of the following sets of needs will become more important to Anne? a. existence b. growth c. relatedness d. belongingness e. security

C

Receiving a $10 bonus for every fifth sale is an example of which schedule of reinforcement? a. continuous b. variable-interval c. fixed-interval d. fixed-ratio e. variable-ratio

C

___ is the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work, according to the job characteristics theory. a. task visibility b. task recognition c. task identity d. task significance e. task meaningfulness

C

Participation occurs when employees a. become fully vested in a benefits program b. work together in teams c. join a labor union or other employee association d. have a voice in decisions about their own work e. work closely with a mentor or supervisor

D

The Two-Factor Theory was developed by which of the following theorists? a. Douglas McGregor b. David McClelland c. Clay Alderfer d. Fredrick Herzberg e. Abraham Maslow

D

Goal specificity is consistently related to a. ethical behavior b. social responsibility c. company image d. competitor's profits e. performance

E

What is a relatively new role for managers in teams? a. low-level manager b. technical specialist c. evaluator d. team reviewer e. facilitator

E

When cohesiveness is ___ and norms are highly compatible with organizational goals, productivity is the highest. a. present b. fluctuating c. moderate d. low e. high

E

___ groups always include members with different areas of expertise. a. global b. virtual c. interest d. friendship e. cross-functional

E

Which of the following is an alternative work arrangement in which an employee is given more control over the times worked on a typical workday? a. flextime b. job sharing c. compressed work week d. telecommuting e. variable work schedules

A

___ refers to the inability of human beings to process an unlimited amount of information, causing most decisions to be made in a partially irrational manner. a. bounded rationality b. suboptimizing c. post-decision dissonance d. groupthink block e. satisficing

A

Being able to see similarities between situations, phenomena, or events is a creative ability called ___. a. divergent b. convergent c. referent d. emergent e. parallel

B

Creative thinking is enhanced by which of the following? a. openness b. all of these are correct c. high levels of energy d. intelligence e. attraction to complexity

B

The primary job of ___ is to create new products, processes, or businesses. a. quality circles b. venture teams c. problem-solving teams d. interdisciplinary teams e. work teams

B

Which of the following distributes a portion of the company's profits to all employees at a predetermined rate? a. gain-sharing program b. profit-sharing program c. piecework program d. employee stock option plan e. merit pay plan

B

A successful MBO program starts with top managers establishing which of the following? a. very difficult goals b. specific employee goals c. overall organizational goals d. none of these are correct e. very easy goals

C

According to equity theory, people a. compare what they get from a job with what they want from a job b. have the motivation to develop satisfying relationships c. want to be treated fairly d. want everything to be equal e. have the motivation to improve their standard of living

C

According to the equity theory, an example of an input is a. effort b. experience c. all of these are inputs d. education e. loyalty

C

Being able to see differences between situations, phenomena, or events is a creative ability called ___ thinking. a. parallel b. referent c. divergent d. convergent e. emergent

C

A ___ is an informal alliance of individuals or groups formed to achieve a common goal. a. group b. collective c. workshop d. coalition e. team

D

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, ___ needs are people's most basic requirements. a. security b. self-actualization c. security d. physiological e. esteem

D

According to the rational decision-making approach, what is the fifth step of the decision-making process? a. generate alternatives b. state the situational goal c. identify the problem d. evaluate alternatives e. determine the decision type

D

Which of the following represents the step of the rational decision-making approach in which the outcomes of the decision are compared to the desired goal? a. collect data b. analyze the situation c. analyze the decision d. control: measure and adjust e. determine the goal

D

___ is a reward system commonly found in team environments, where recipients are required to acquire a set of core abilities. a. annual profit sharing b. seniority-based pay c. commission-based pay d. skill-based pay e. stock options

D