Patho 2 Final
Esophagitis pain is similar in location and pattern to myocardial chest pain (T/F)
T
Long-term use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medications and infection with Helicobacter pylori are causative factors in peptic ulcer disease (T/F)
T
An example of a secondary endocrine disorder is
pituitary hyposecretion of TSH
Absorption of glucose and amino acids across the intestinal epithelium occurs by
sodium-dependent carriers
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases
water reabsorption in the collecting tubule of the kidney.
The structure and secretions of the salivary gland most closely resemble those of the
exocrine pancreas
Steatohepatitis is caused by an accumulation of ________ in the liver cells
fat
A silent abdomen 3 hours after bowel surgery most likely indicates
functional bowel obstruction
Epigastric pain that is relieved by food is suggestive of
gastric ulcer
A patient with a history of alcoholism presents with hematemesis and profound anemia. The expected diagnosis is
gastroesophageal varices
Most endocrine hormones are water-soluble and exert their effects on target cells by
generating second messengers
An increase in serum osmolality would be expected to ________ secretion.
increase vasopressin
Hepatic encephalopathy is associated with
increased blood ammonia levels
Up-regulation of target cell receptors results in
increased target cell responsiveness to hormone
Growth hormone has several effects on the body, including
increasing lean body mass
Fecal leukocyte screening would be indicated in a patient with suspected
inflammatory bowel disease
Celiac sprue is a malabsorptive disorder associated with
inflammatory reaction to gluten-containing foods.
Propylthiouracil may be used to treat hyperthyroidism, because it
inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis.
Failure of normal partitioning between the foregut and midgut can lead to a congenital condition known as
intestinal atresia
Brush-border enzymes are produced by ________ cells
intestinal epithelial
The most common mechanism regulating hormone production and secretion is
negative feedback
The endocrine system closely resembles the ________ system because many of their actions are coordinated at the level of the hypothalamus
nervous
A patient admitted with bleeding related to esophageal varices could be expected to receive a continuous intravenous infusion of
octreotide acetate
Hormones that are released from the anterior pituitary gland include
-Luteinizing hormone -prolactin -follicle-stimulating hormone
How much fluid is secreted from the intestinal glands daily?
2 liters
An early indicator of colon cancer is
a change in bowel habits
A Barrett esophagus is
a preneoplastic lesion
A patient who should be routinely evaluated for peptic ulcer disease is one who is
being treated with high-dose oral glucocorticoids
Pancreatic secretions are high in
bicarbonate ions
Hepatitis B is usually transmitted by exposure to
blood or semen
Ulcerative colitis is commonly associated with
bloody diarrhea
The most common causes of prehepatic jaundice are ________ and ineffective erythropoiesis.
hemolysis
An increased urine bilirubin is associated with
hepatitis
In primary thyroid hormone deficiency, the TSH levels are
high
A clinical finding consistent with a diagnosis of syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) is
hyponatremia
Myxedema coma is a severe condition associated with
hypothyroidism
It is true that the synthesis of thyroid hormones
is inhibited by iodine deficiency
In comparison to triiodothyronine (T3), the hormone thyroxine (T4)
is more abundant in the circulation
Brain injury secondary to high serum bilirubin is called
kernicterus
Jaundice is a common manifestation of
liver disease
A patient being treated for hepatic encephalopathy could be expected to receive a(n) ________diet
low-protein and high-fiber
Carbohydrates are absorbed in the form of
monosaccharides
The sympathetic nerve endings in the GI tract secrete
norepinephrine
Chief cells secrete
pepsinogen
The propulsive movement of the GI tract is called
peristalsis
Pathophysiologically, esophageal varices can be attributed to
portal hypertension
The portion of the stomach that controls gastric emptying is the
pylorus
Clinical manifestations of hypoparathyroidism
result from decreased serum ionized calcium
Diabetes insipidus is a condition that
results from inadequate ADH secretion
It is true that growth hormone excess in adults
results in the condition of acromegaly.
The primary stimulus for pancreatic secretion is
secretin
Most nutrient digestion and absorption occurs in the
small intestine
Parasympathetic stimulation of the stomach would
stimulate motility
A primary endocrine disorder occurs when
the target gland is unresponsive to pituitary regulation
An example of a lipid-soluble hormone is
thyroid hormone
Clinical manifestations of Graves disease may include
tremor
Thyroid hormones are derived from
tyrosine amino acids
Most of the parasympathetic innervation of the GI tract is supplied by the
vagus nerves
Which statement regarding pepsin is true?
It is secreted as an inactive proenzyme
_________ is the hormone which causes uterine and milk duct contractions.
Oxytocin
Dysphagia
Difficulty swallowing
Diverticulitis usually is asymptomatic (T/F)
F
Which can be absorbed through the intestinal epithelia without further digestion?
Glucose
Which of the following symptoms suggests the presence of a hiatal hernia?
Heartburn
What form of viral hepatitis is likely to be transmitted sexually?
Hepatitis B
Diverticulosis
Herniations in the bowel wall
Achalasia
Absence of peristalsis in a portion of the esophagus
Which hormone is regulated by releasing and inhibiting factors from the hypothalamus?
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Which of the following findings should prompt further diagnostic testing in a child presenting with diarrhea?
Blood and mucus in the stools
Which of the following findings would rule out a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome in a patient with chronic diarrhea?
Bloody stools
Which of the following clinical findings would suggest an esophageal rather than an oropharyngeal cause of dysphagia?
Chest pain during meals
Which is associated with contraction of the gallbladder?
Cholecystokinin
Which enzyme assists with protein digestion?
Chymotrypsin
What suppresses the normal secretion of growth hormone?
Somatostatin
Encopresis
Stasis and involuntary leakage of stool
Which hormone is highly bound to carrier proteins in the bloodstream?
Thyroid hormones
An urgent surgical consult is indicated for the patient with acute abdominal pain and
absent bowel tones
Combined dysphagia with both solids and liquids is typical of
achalasia
A viral hepatitis screen with positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) should be interpreted as ________ hepatitis B
acute
The most common cause of mechanical bowel obstruction is
adhesions
The tightness of the hormone-receptor bond is known as
affinity
Liver transaminase elevations in which aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is markedly greater than alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is characteristic of
alcohol-induced injury
Acute right lower quadrant pain associated with rebound tenderness and systemic signs of inflammation are indicative of
appendicitis
It is true that Graves disease is
associated with autoantibodies to TSH receptors.
Hepatitis with the presence of autoantibodies and positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) is
autoimmune hepatitis
Histamine antagonists may be used in the management of peptic ulcer disease to
decrease hydrochloric acid (HCl) secretion
An increase in ADH secretion occurs in response
dehydration
It is true that lipid-soluble hormones are
diffused through cell membranes to activate intracellular receptors
The release of prolactin is normally inhibited by
dopamine
The action of bile is to
emulsify fats
Odynophagia
Painful swallowing
In which of the following cases would it be inappropriate to manage dyspepsia with an empiric trial of an H2 blocker?
Concomitant dysphagia
Which hormone is responsible for regulation of immune and inflammatory reactions?
Cortisol
Oversecretion of ACTH occurs in
Cushing disease
A reduction in lower esophageal sphincter tone helps reduce gastroesophageal reflux (T/F)
F
Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis are two types of irritable bowel syndrome (T/F)
F
Cortisol is produced in the zona ________ of the adrenal cortex
Fasciculata
Growth hormone stimulates the liver to release
IGF-1
Aldosterone secretion would be expected to produce which change?
Increase blood pressure
Older individuals may experience which change in the mouth?
Increased exposure of dentin