patho exam 2 practice questions

A, C, D

When would you recommend medical therapy in the treatment of infection? Select all that apply. a. When there is prolonged manifestation of an infection b. When there are no vaccines to prevent the infection c. When there is undue risk to the people in contact with the client d. When there is undue risk to the client e. When the first line of defense fails to contain the infection

true

Whereas macrophages present processed antigens to memory Th cells, B lymphocytes present antigens to helper Th cells.

true

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules are located on the surface of all body cells except erythrocytes.

true

Nonpathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract produce chemicals that inhibit colonization of pathogenic microorganisms.

true

Opsonization is a process that renders bacteria more susceptible to phagocytosis.

true

Eosinophils phagocytose parasites.

false

Neutrophils are involved in activation of the adaptive immune system.

false

T lymphocytes are primarily responsible for protection against bacteria and a variety of viruses.

false

The inflammatory response is the body's first line of defense.

B, C, D, E

Functions of T cells include (Select all that apply.) a. synthesizing antibodies. b. secreting cytokines. c. killing antigen-presenting cells. d. stimulating of B cells. e. killing virally infected cells.

A, B, C, E

Functions of antibodies include (Select all that apply.) a. antigen agglutination. b. antigen precipitation. c. opsonization. d. phagocytosis. e. complement activation.

A, B, E

How would you justify that an emerging infectious disease is not always a new disease? Select all that apply. a. Due to the disease being undetected b. Due to reappearance of the disease c. Due to antibiotic-resistant bacteria d. Due to breakdown in public health measures e. Due to realization about the mechanism of the disease process

A, B, C

Passive immunity is provided by (Select all that apply.) a. transfer of preformed human antibodies. b. injection of human immune globulin. c. injection with preformed animal antibodies. d. vaccines with dead or altered organisms. e. active infections.

A, B, D

What aspects of culture analysis make the study so useful?Select all that apply. a. Identification of microbes b. Understanding the extent of infection c. Studying the existence of antibodies d. Studying the microbe's susceptibility to antibiotics e. Differentiating the gram-negative from the gram-positive bacteria

C, D, E

Which components of the blood attract platelets to the site of the injury in the form of a chemical signal? Select all that apply. a. Histamine b. Interleukins c. Microbial agents d. Endothelial cells e. White blood corpuscles

A, C

Which data is used to distinguish serological testing from other laboratory studies? Select all that apply. a. Quantifying based on antibody titers b. Analyzing for cell changes c. Quantifying levels of immunoglobulin d. Identifying antigen e. Detection of microorganism's genetic material

false

Activated T and B lymphocytes provide innate immunity.

B, E

Activation of the complement cascade results in (Select all that apply.) a. antibody production. b. inflammation. c. immunosuppression. d. autoimmunity. e. chemotaxis.

D, E

Active immunity involves (Select all that apply.) a. injection of preformed human antibodies. b. injection of human immune globulin. c. injection with preformed animal antibodies. d. vaccines with dead or altered organisms. e. active infections.

false

Antibodies cannot protect a host against viral infections

A, B, C

A registered nurse is teaching a student nurse about C-reactive proteins. Which statement made by the student nurse indicates effective teaching? Select all that apply. a. "It identifies the presence of foreign material in the immune system." b. "It stimulates other inflammatory cytokines." c. "It prevents WBC adhesion to endothelium." d. "It stimulates gastric mucous production." e. "It identifies the presence of tubercles."

true

Before birth, humans produce a large number of T lymphocytes (T cells) and B lymphocytes (B cells) that have the capacity to recognize almost any foreign antigen found in the environment.

true

Each individual T and B lymphocyte specifically recognizes only one particular antigen.

B, C, E

Characteristics of complement include (Select all that apply.) a. stimulating chemotaxis. b. lysing target cells. c. having multiple plasma proteins. d. being synthesized in the bone marrow. e. enhancing phagocytosis.

A, D, E

Characteristics of immunization include which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a. Giving injections of preformed antibodies provides immediate immunity b. Immunization provides life-long immunity c. Immunization with killed vaccines may lead to infection from the agent d. Herd immunity controls disease without immunizing everyone in the population e. Lack of immunization may lead to an epidemic

true

Several bacteria, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, are resistant to killing by granulocytes and can survive inside macrophages.

true

The helper T cell (Th) interacts with immunocompetent B cells causing the production of plasma cells.

false

The main functions of natural killer (NK) cells are recognition and elimination of bacteria.

A, B

The mononuclear phagocyte system consists of (Select all that apply.) a. monocytes and tissue macrophages. b. dendritic cells. c. bone marrow stem cells. d. antibody-secreting plasma cells. e. basophils.

A, B, D

What are the inflammatory mediators that are released from white blood cells (WBCs)? Select all that apply. a. TNF-alpha b. Interleukins c. Fibrinogen d. Leukotrienes e. Granuloma