Patho Final

A 6-year-old boy was brought to the clinic by concerned parents. After assessing the child, the child was prescribed ethosuximide. What disorder would indicate the prescription of ethosuximide A. Absence seizures B. Tonic-clonic seizures C. Narcolepsy D. ADHD

A. Absence seizures

The nurse suspects opioid overdose in a client after surgery. What interventions must the nurse initiate for this client? (Select all that apply.) A. Administer naloxone B. Decrease the client's IV fluids C. Notify the health care provider D. Prepare for endotracheal intubation E. Insert a Foley catheter

A. Administer naloxone C. Notify the health care provider D. Prepare for endotracheal intubation

The client is newly diagnosed with epilepsy. What factors should the healthcare team consider when determining the drug of choice for the client? Select all that apply. A. Age B. Type of epilepsy C. Cognitive status D. Culture and ethnicity E. Gender

A. Age B. Type of epilepsy D. Culture and ethnicity

What are the black box warning for iminostilbenes? Select all that apply A. Aplastic anemia B. Hepatotoxity C. Agranulocytosis D. Nephrotoxicity E. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A. Aplastic anemia C. Agranulocytosis

The nurse's ongoing assessment for the administration of a hypnotic drug should include which of the following? Select all that apply: A. Assessment of blood pressure B. Assessment of blood glucose C. Assessment of drug efficacy D. Assessment of consciousness E. Assessment of respiratory rate

A. Assessment of blood pressure C. Assessment of drug efficacy D. Assessment of consciousness E. Assessment of respiratory rate

Which medication would the nurse expect to administer if prescribed to achieve skeletal muscle relaxation? A. Baclofen B. Allopurinol C. Alendronate D. Hydroxychloroquine

A. Baclofen

Prophylactic treatment include which for the treatment of migraine headaches? Select all that apply. A. Beta blockers B. Calcium channel blockers C. Antidepressants D. Anticonvulsants E. Selective serotonin agonists

A. Beta blockers B. Calcium channel blockers C. Antidepressants D. Anticonvulsants

The client is seen today in the clinic for mental evaluation. What existing illness would be a contraindication for a client to take an antipsychotic? Select all that apply. A. Bone marrow depression B. Osteoporosis C Severe depression D. Liver impairment E. Kidney disease

A. Bone marrow depression C Severe depression D. Liver impairment

Benzodiazepines are believed to work on the limbic system and reticular formation. It potentiates the effects of GABA which is the chemical in the brain that blocks the impulses between nerve cells. Because of this, what can they be used for? Select all that apply. A. Depression B. Anxiety C. Seizure control D. Skeletal muscle relaxant E. Improve sleep

A. Depression B. Anxiety C. Seizure control D. Skeletal muscle relaxant E. Improve sleep

When describing the action of benzodiazepines as anxiolytics, what would the nurse need to keep in mind? A. Enhanced action of gamma-aminobutyric acid B. Effect on action potentials C. Depression of the cerebral cortex D. Depressed motor output

A. Enhanced action of gamma-aminobutyric acid

Which should be included when assessing pain? (Select all that apply.) A. Location of the pain B Intensity of pain C. What factors cause the pain to improve or worsen D. What medications client usually takes to relieve the pain

A. Location of the pain B Intensity of pain C. What factors cause the pain to improve or worsen D. What medications client usually takes to relieve the pain

Supplementation of which hormones has been used in the treatment of insomnia due to jet lag? A. Melatonin B. Estrogen C. Testosterone D. Progestin

A. Melatonin

Simple seizures, motor seizures, and somatosensory seizures are classified as what type of seizure? A. Partial seizures B. Generalized seizures C. Tonic-clonic seizures D. Myoclonic seizures

A. Partial seizures

Which of the following should not take H2 antagonist? Select all that apply A. Pregnant women b. Elderly C.pt with renal problems d. Middle aged adults e. Breastfeeding moms

A. Pregnant women C. pt with renal problems e. Breastfeeding moms

A nurse should review a client's medical conditions prior to administering a cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) as its use is contraindicated in clients with which of the following? Select all that apply: A. Recent myocardial infarction B. Diabetes C. Hepatic disease D. Hypertension E. Hyperthyroidism

A. Recent myocardial infarction E. Hyperthyroidism

A client's medication regimen includes lithium. What assessment finding would suggest a therapeutic effect? A. The client denies severe depressive or manic episodes B. The client states that she now has purpose and direction in her life C. The client denies audio or visual hallucinations D. The client refrains from aggressive or violent outbursts

A. The client denies severe depressive or manic episodes

Which medications exert their effects by inhibiting reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin? A. Tricyclic antidepressants B. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors C. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors D. Atypical antidepressants

A. Tricyclic antidepressants

The nursing instructor is talking with the junior nursing class about migraine headaches. What would the instructor tell the students is the method of action of Sumatriptan? A. Vasoconstrictive on cranial blood vessels B. Causes vasodilation of cranial blood vessels C. Dulls the perception of pain in the brain D. Works at the site of the migraine to eliminate pain

A. Vasoconstrictive on cranial blood vessels

A child was diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and methylphenidate was prescribed for treatment to be taken once a day in a sustained release form. On future visits what is a priority nursing assessment for this child? A. Weight and height B. Breath sounds and respiratory rate C. Urine output and kidney function D Electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiogram

A. Weight and height

While administering phenytoin, the nurse should observe the client what adverse reaction? Select all that apply. A. ataxia B. nausea C. lethargy D. gingival hyperplasia E. increased seizure activity

A. ataxia B. nausea C. lethargy D. gingival hyperplasia

A group of nursing students are reviewing information about the different classifications of opioids. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which as an opioid agonist? Select all that apply. A. hydromorphone B. fentanyl C. oxycodone D. buprenorphine E. pentazocine

A. hydromorphone B. fentanyl C. oxycodone

What is the prototype for dopamine agonists?

A. levodopa-carbidopa

A client has recently been placed on modafinil 200 mg PO qd daily. Modafinil (Provigil) is first-line pharmacologic therapy for: A. narcolepsy. B. schizophrenia. C. anxiety. D. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

A. narcolepsy.

Phenothiazines such as chlorpromazine are occasionally used for clinical indications not associated with psychiatric illness. What indications would be included? Select all that apply. A. preoperative restlessness B. postoperative headaches C. nausea and vomiting D. Parkinson's disease E. peptic ulcer disease

A. preoperative restlessness C. nausea and vomiting

What beta-adrenergic antagonist is used for migraine prophylaxis? A. propanolol B. valproic acid C. verapamil D. topiramate

A. propanolol

A patient is prescribed a SSRI for the treatment of depression. How would the treatment of depression? How would the nurse describe the drugs mechanism of action?

A. they have fewer reactions

A prescriber has written for olanzapine for a client diagnosed with schizophrenia. What additional tests should the nurse anticipate the prescriber to order? Select all that apply. A. weight B. blood type C. blood pressure D. cholesterol profile E. Fasting blood sugar

A. weight D. cholesterol profile E. Fasting blood sugar

The nurse should be able to distinguish signs of extrapyramidal syndrome (EPS) in clients taking antipsychotics so they can be quickly reported to the client's health care provider. What are signs of EPS? Select all that apply: A.Fine tremor B. Hypotension C. Akathisia D. Anhedonia E. Dystonia

A.Fine tremor C. Akathisia E. Dystonia

A nurse stole a bottle of hydrocodone from her local clinic. She should have known this was a controlled substance of what level Select all that apply.

B. 2

When should Humalin R be administered?

B. 20 min before

A nurse is instructing a mother about a new drug her son was prescribed for ADHD. The nurse should include which instructions? A. Always take the drug after breakfast and after lunch. B. Always take the drug in the morning 30 to 45 minutes before breakfast and lunch. C. Always take the drug in the morning before breakfast and before going to bed at night. D. Always take the drug 30 minutes before lunch and dinner.

B. Always take the drug in the morning 30 to 45 minutes before breakfast and lunch.

The nurse is caring for a client who has been receiving a prescription for haloperidol for treatment of psychosis. The nurse suspects that the client is developing neuroleptic malignant syndrome. What assessments would support this? (Select all that apply.) A. Severe hypothermia B. Confusion C. Bradycardia D. Dyspnea E. Acute renal failure

B. Confusion D. Dyspnea

A client who is receiving an antiseizure agent reports feeling sleepy and tired and reports dizziness when standing up. Which intervention would the nurse most likely implement as the priority? A. Hydration therapy B. Safety precautions C. Skin-care measures D. Emotional support

B. Safety precautions

A 78-year-old patient is brought to the outpatient clinic following a recent inpatient hospitalization where she was diagnosed with moderate dementia. She was prescribed a combination of namenda and aricept upon discharge. Which statements indicate further teaching is required? (select all that apply)

B. These drugs cure dementia D. These drugs slow the progression of dementia

What reaction should the nurse assess for when a client is prescribed a nonopioid analgesic in addition to a narcotic analgesic? A. antagonism B. additive effect C. interference D. increased exertion

B. additive effect

What is the most common psychiatric or neurobehavioral disorder in children A. Tourettes B. Autism C. ADHD D. Narcolepsy

C. ADHD

Main side effect of naproxen sodium:

C. Bronchospasms & anaphylaxis

A client is receiving haloperidol. The nurse would be especially alert for the development of which adverse effect? A.Sedation B. Anticholinergic C. Extrapyramidal D. Hypotension

C. Extrapyramidal

Atomoxetine has been selected as the primary pharmacologic treatment for a young adult diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). What characteristic makes this a good drug of choice for this population of clients? Select all that apply. A. presents with few significant adverse effects B. known to be safe to take during pregnancy C. a lower potential for abuse D. a low risk for dependency E. is administered orally

C. a lower potential for abuse D. a low risk for dependency E. is administered orally

The etiology of anxiety involves which physiological process? A. stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system B. stimulating effects of somatotropin C. increased activation of the autonomic nervous system D. adrenocortical suppression

C. increased activation of the autonomic nervous system

An 80-year-old client has been taking lorazepam since his wife died a year ago. He has been staying with his son, but will now move to an assisted living facility. Before admission to the assisted living facility, the patient's client's provider has determined that the drug is no longer needed. The nurse at the facility will plan to: A. stop the drug immediately. B. suggest that another anti-anxiety drug be prescribed to stop the craving for a benzodiazepine. C. withdraw the drug gradually over a 2- to 3-week period. D. observe for urticaria and rash.

C. withdraw the drug gradually over a 2- to 3-week period.

A client has been taking morphine PO for several months following a back injury. The care team is working with the client to wean the client off morphine. The client reports he is getting minimal relief from the pain with the new non-opioid medication he is receiving. What should the nurse suspect is causing this client's pain? A. Administer a higher dose of morphine, as prescribed B. Assess the client for further signs of addiction C.Assess the client for further signs of withdrawal syndrome. D. Monitor the client for hypersensitivity.

C.Assess the client for further signs of withdrawal syndrome.

A client has been prescribed sumatriptan (Imitrex). What statement indicates the client understands the teaching about the medication? A. "I will take the medication daily to prevent migraines." B. "The medication will prevent the development of migraines when taken each week." C. "I can take this medication if only I learn to properly give an injection to myself." D. "If I have an aura, I should take the medication as soon as possible."

D. "If I have an aura, I should take the medication as soon as possible."

What explanation should the nurse provide for why pregnancy is discouraged in women who are being treated for seizure disorders? A. Seizure disorders are genetic. B. Seizure disorders are familial. C. Antiepilepsy drugs decrease fertility. D. Antiepilepsy drugs are teratogenic.

D. Antiepilepsy drugs are teratogenic.

A clent is administered the opioid antagonist naloxone (Narcan) for respiratory depression and a state of unresponsiveness. How does naloxone work? A. Synergism B. Breakthrough C. Tolerance D. Displacement

D. Displacement

General characteristics of antidepressants include all of the following EXCEPT: A. All are effective in relieving depression, but they differ in their adverse effects. B. All must be taken for 2 to 4 weeks before depressive symptoms improve. C. They are given orally, absorbed from the small bowel, enter the portal circulation, and circulate through the liver, before reaching the systemic circulation. D. They are metabolized by the cytochrome P450 enzymes in the kidney.

D. They are metabolized by the cytochrome P450 enzymes in the kidney.

Which of the following signs or symptoms would cause the nurse to discontinue the use of Dilantin? a. Severe headache b. Presence of skin rash c. Complaints of abdominal pain d. Joint pain

b. Presence of skin rash

The nurse is caring for a patient is caring for a patient who is receiving phenobarbital for the treatment of tonic-clonic seizures, due to the black box warning associated with phenobarbital the nurse will monitor the patient closely for which of the following? a. Increased appetite b. Statements that indicate thoughts of suicide of depression c. Increased constipation d. Unilateral visual Disturbances

b. Statements that indicate thoughts of suicide of depression

Compared with the other nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics, zolpidem ( Ambien, ambien CR) produces a sleep that last all night due to its: a. Fully depressant effects on the central and peripheral nervous system b. Antagonist action on the GABA receptors in the central nervous system c. Rapid acting release layer and a extended- release layer d. Half-life that last 6-8 hours

c. Rapid acting release layer and a extended- release layer