Penny Review : Adrenal Glands

The neuroblastoma typically presents before the age of : a) 1 year b) 2 years c) 4 years d) 5 years

5 years

Which hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland controls the release of hormones by the adrenal glands? a) epinephrine b) cortisol c) aldosterone d) ACTH

ACTH

Which of the following would result in buffalo hump and moon face clinical findings? a) Conn syndrome b) Addison disease c) adrogenism d) hypersortisolism

Addison disease

The right suprarenal vein drains directly into the : a) IVC b) aorta c) celiac trunk d) left renal vein

IVC

Hyperfunctioning adrenal adenomas are associated with all of the following except: a) cushing syndrome b) conn syndrome c) hypoechoic mass in the area of the adrenal gland d) acute drop in hematocrit

acute drop in hematocrit

Which of the following has a clinical finding of bronzing of the skin? a) Addison disease b) cushing disease c) cushing syndrome d) conn syndrome

addison disease

Which of the following is also referred to as primary adrencortical insufficiency ? a) Conn syndrome b) addison disease c) cushing disease d) congenital adrenal hyperplasia

addison disease

Which of the following is associated with hyponatremia ? a) cushing syndrome b) conn syndrome c) pheochromocytoma d) addison disease

addison disease

a 45 year old obese woman with thin arms and legs hypertension and severe fatigue presents to the ultrasound department for an abd US. You should evaluate the adrenal glands closesly for: a) addison cyst b) adrenal hemorrhage c) adrenal adenoma d) neuroblastoma

adrenal adenoma

Upon sono exam of the RUQ in a 32 year old female complaining of generalized abd pain, you visualize an anechoic mass with posterior enhancement superior and medial to the upper pole of the right kidney. This most likely represents : a) adrenal metastatic lesion b) pheochromocytoma c) neuroblastoma d) adrenal cyst

adrenal cyst

An abdominal US is requested for a newborn in the ICU. The new born is suffered from brief anoxia at birth and is now suffering from jaundice. Superior to the right kidney you visualize a triangular shaped heterogenous mass. What is the most likely diagnosis? a) adrenal hemorrhage b) adrenal adenoma c) pheochromocytoma d) cushing syndrome

adrenal hemorrhage

Which of the following mass like lesions may be associated with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and found within the testes? a) adrenal adenomas b) adrenal rests c) pheochromocytomas d) neuroblastomas

adrenal rests

The adrenal cortex produces all of the following except: a) cortisol b) androgens c) aldosterone d) adrenaline

adrenaline

Which hormone is responsible for regulating blood pressure by controlling amounts of sodium and water in the body a) epinephrine b) cortisol c) aldosterone d) ACTH

aldosterone

Which plays a part in development of male characteristics ? a) androgens b) cortisol c) aldosterone d) hematocrit

androgens

What is the cause of Cushing disease ? a) anterior pituitary gland tumor b) adrenal hemorrhage c) neuroblastoma d) hyperaldosteronism

anterior pituitary gland tumor

All of the following are clinical findings of a pheochromocytoma except: a) bradycardia b) uncontrollable hypertension c) excessive sweating d) tremors

bradycardia

Which pf the following is associated with hypernatremia ? a) cushing syndrome b) conn syndrome c) pheochromocytoma d) addison disease

conn syndrome

The syndrome associated with hypertension hyperglycemia obesity and a adrenal mass: a) edwards syndrome b) cushing syndrome c) juliet syndrome d) hirschsprungs disease

cushing syndrome

With active internal hemorrhage the patients hematocrit will: a) increase b) decrease c) become stable d) not change

decrease

Which type of glands release their hormones directly into the bloodstream? a) endocrine glands b) exocrine glands

endocrine glands

Which of the following hormones are responsible for the "fight or flight" response? a) epi and norepi b) cortisol and androgens c) cortisol and aldosterone d) acth and aldosterone

epi and norepi

The adrenal glands are surrounded by a connective tissue capsule called: a) glisson capsule b) adrenocortical fascia c) gerota fascia d) glisson fascia

gerota fascia

When internal bleeding is suspected what lab value is mot useful for a sonographer to evaluate? a) hematocrit b) BUN c) androgenic hormone d) alkaline phosphatase

hematocrit

A localized collection of blood describes a: a) hemangioma b) hematoma c) hypertoma d) hydrocele

hematoma

The mst common sonographic appearance of a neuroblastoma is a : a) hyerechoic mass b) heterogenous mass with calcifications c) anechoic mass d) hypoechoic mass

heterogenous mass with calcifications

Conn syndrome results from : a) low levels of cortisol b) high levels of cortisol c) high levels of aldosterone d) low levels of epinephrine

high levels of aldosterone

The most common sonographic appearance of a pheochromocytoma is a(n) : a) hyperechoic mass b) hypoechoic mass c) anechoic mass d) complex mass

hyperechoic mass

What is the term for low levels of sodium in the blood? a) hypoalkemia b) hypopigmentation c) hyponatremia d) hypodisuria

hyponatremia

The left suprarenal vein drains directly into the ; a) IVC b) abdominal aorta c) celiac trunk d) left renal vein

left renal vein

All of the following are most likely a benign adrenal mass except: a) adrenal adenoma b) neuroblastoma c) pheochromocytoma d) adrenal hematoma

neuroblastoma

The most common extracranial malignant mass in children is the: a) hepatoblastoma b) hypernephroma c) pheochromocytoma d) neuroblastoma

neuroblastoma

Which of the following is produced by the adrenal medulla ? a) cortisol b) aldosterone c) norepinephrine d) androgens

norepinephrine

The adrenal mass often associated with uncontrollable hypertension tachycardia and tremors is the : a) neuroblastoma b) adrenal hematoma c) oncocytoma d) pheochromocytoma

pheochromocytoma

Which of the following best describes the location of the right adrenal gland? a) posterior and lateral to the pancreas b) medial to the lower pole of the right kidney c) posterior and lateral to the IVC d) medial to the crus of the diaphragm

posterior and lateral to the IVC

The arterial blood supply to the adrenal glands is accomplished by means of the : a) celiac trunk b) subphrenic arteries c) suprarenal arteries d) SMA

suprarenal arteries

The adrenal glands receive a portion of their blood supply from all of the following except: a) suprarenal branches of the inferior phrenic arteries b) suprarenal branches of the aorta c) suprarenal arteries of the renal arteries d) suprarenal arteries of the celiac trunk

suprarenal branches of the celiac trunk

All of the following are true statements about the adrenal glands except : a) the adrenal glands are easily identified on the fetus b) the adrenal glands are exocrine glands c) the adrenal glands are composed of the medulla and the cortex d) the adrenal glands may also be referred to as the suprarenal glands

the adrenal glands are exocrine glands

All of the following are true statements about the adrenal glands except: a) the adrenal glands play an important role in blood pressure regulation b) the adrenal glands are easily identified in the fetus c) the left adrenal gland is located lateral to the upper pole of the left kidney d) the right adrenal gland is located medial to the right lobe of the liver

the left adrenal gland is located lateral to the upper pole of the left kidney

All of the following are associated with Conn Syndrome except? a) adrenal adenoma b) hypertension c) excessive thirst d) thinning arms and legs

thinning arms and legs