Penny Review : Adrenal Glands
The neuroblastoma typically presents before the age of : a) 1 year b) 2 years c) 4 years d) 5 years
5 years
Which hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland controls the release of hormones by the adrenal glands? a) epinephrine b) cortisol c) aldosterone d) ACTH
ACTH
Which of the following would result in buffalo hump and moon face clinical findings? a) Conn syndrome b) Addison disease c) adrogenism d) hypersortisolism
Addison disease
The right suprarenal vein drains directly into the : a) IVC b) aorta c) celiac trunk d) left renal vein
IVC
Hyperfunctioning adrenal adenomas are associated with all of the following except: a) cushing syndrome b) conn syndrome c) hypoechoic mass in the area of the adrenal gland d) acute drop in hematocrit
acute drop in hematocrit
Which of the following has a clinical finding of bronzing of the skin? a) Addison disease b) cushing disease c) cushing syndrome d) conn syndrome
addison disease
Which of the following is also referred to as primary adrencortical insufficiency ? a) Conn syndrome b) addison disease c) cushing disease d) congenital adrenal hyperplasia
addison disease
Which of the following is associated with hyponatremia ? a) cushing syndrome b) conn syndrome c) pheochromocytoma d) addison disease
addison disease
a 45 year old obese woman with thin arms and legs hypertension and severe fatigue presents to the ultrasound department for an abd US. You should evaluate the adrenal glands closesly for: a) addison cyst b) adrenal hemorrhage c) adrenal adenoma d) neuroblastoma
adrenal adenoma
Upon sono exam of the RUQ in a 32 year old female complaining of generalized abd pain, you visualize an anechoic mass with posterior enhancement superior and medial to the upper pole of the right kidney. This most likely represents : a) adrenal metastatic lesion b) pheochromocytoma c) neuroblastoma d) adrenal cyst
adrenal cyst
An abdominal US is requested for a newborn in the ICU. The new born is suffered from brief anoxia at birth and is now suffering from jaundice. Superior to the right kidney you visualize a triangular shaped heterogenous mass. What is the most likely diagnosis? a) adrenal hemorrhage b) adrenal adenoma c) pheochromocytoma d) cushing syndrome
adrenal hemorrhage
Which of the following mass like lesions may be associated with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and found within the testes? a) adrenal adenomas b) adrenal rests c) pheochromocytomas d) neuroblastomas
adrenal rests
The adrenal cortex produces all of the following except: a) cortisol b) androgens c) aldosterone d) adrenaline
adrenaline
Which hormone is responsible for regulating blood pressure by controlling amounts of sodium and water in the body a) epinephrine b) cortisol c) aldosterone d) ACTH
aldosterone
Which plays a part in development of male characteristics ? a) androgens b) cortisol c) aldosterone d) hematocrit
androgens
What is the cause of Cushing disease ? a) anterior pituitary gland tumor b) adrenal hemorrhage c) neuroblastoma d) hyperaldosteronism
anterior pituitary gland tumor
All of the following are clinical findings of a pheochromocytoma except: a) bradycardia b) uncontrollable hypertension c) excessive sweating d) tremors
bradycardia
Which pf the following is associated with hypernatremia ? a) cushing syndrome b) conn syndrome c) pheochromocytoma d) addison disease
conn syndrome
The syndrome associated with hypertension hyperglycemia obesity and a adrenal mass: a) edwards syndrome b) cushing syndrome c) juliet syndrome d) hirschsprungs disease
cushing syndrome
With active internal hemorrhage the patients hematocrit will: a) increase b) decrease c) become stable d) not change
decrease
Which type of glands release their hormones directly into the bloodstream? a) endocrine glands b) exocrine glands
endocrine glands
Which of the following hormones are responsible for the "fight or flight" response? a) epi and norepi b) cortisol and androgens c) cortisol and aldosterone d) acth and aldosterone
epi and norepi
The adrenal glands are surrounded by a connective tissue capsule called: a) glisson capsule b) adrenocortical fascia c) gerota fascia d) glisson fascia
gerota fascia
When internal bleeding is suspected what lab value is mot useful for a sonographer to evaluate? a) hematocrit b) BUN c) androgenic hormone d) alkaline phosphatase
hematocrit
A localized collection of blood describes a: a) hemangioma b) hematoma c) hypertoma d) hydrocele
hematoma
The mst common sonographic appearance of a neuroblastoma is a : a) hyerechoic mass b) heterogenous mass with calcifications c) anechoic mass d) hypoechoic mass
heterogenous mass with calcifications
Conn syndrome results from : a) low levels of cortisol b) high levels of cortisol c) high levels of aldosterone d) low levels of epinephrine
high levels of aldosterone
The most common sonographic appearance of a pheochromocytoma is a(n) : a) hyperechoic mass b) hypoechoic mass c) anechoic mass d) complex mass
hyperechoic mass
What is the term for low levels of sodium in the blood? a) hypoalkemia b) hypopigmentation c) hyponatremia d) hypodisuria
hyponatremia
The left suprarenal vein drains directly into the ; a) IVC b) abdominal aorta c) celiac trunk d) left renal vein
left renal vein
All of the following are most likely a benign adrenal mass except: a) adrenal adenoma b) neuroblastoma c) pheochromocytoma d) adrenal hematoma
neuroblastoma
The most common extracranial malignant mass in children is the: a) hepatoblastoma b) hypernephroma c) pheochromocytoma d) neuroblastoma
neuroblastoma
Which of the following is produced by the adrenal medulla ? a) cortisol b) aldosterone c) norepinephrine d) androgens
norepinephrine
The adrenal mass often associated with uncontrollable hypertension tachycardia and tremors is the : a) neuroblastoma b) adrenal hematoma c) oncocytoma d) pheochromocytoma
pheochromocytoma
Which of the following best describes the location of the right adrenal gland? a) posterior and lateral to the pancreas b) medial to the lower pole of the right kidney c) posterior and lateral to the IVC d) medial to the crus of the diaphragm
posterior and lateral to the IVC
The arterial blood supply to the adrenal glands is accomplished by means of the : a) celiac trunk b) subphrenic arteries c) suprarenal arteries d) SMA
suprarenal arteries
The adrenal glands receive a portion of their blood supply from all of the following except: a) suprarenal branches of the inferior phrenic arteries b) suprarenal branches of the aorta c) suprarenal arteries of the renal arteries d) suprarenal arteries of the celiac trunk
suprarenal branches of the celiac trunk
All of the following are true statements about the adrenal glands except : a) the adrenal glands are easily identified on the fetus b) the adrenal glands are exocrine glands c) the adrenal glands are composed of the medulla and the cortex d) the adrenal glands may also be referred to as the suprarenal glands
the adrenal glands are exocrine glands
All of the following are true statements about the adrenal glands except: a) the adrenal glands play an important role in blood pressure regulation b) the adrenal glands are easily identified in the fetus c) the left adrenal gland is located lateral to the upper pole of the left kidney d) the right adrenal gland is located medial to the right lobe of the liver
the left adrenal gland is located lateral to the upper pole of the left kidney
All of the following are associated with Conn Syndrome except? a) adrenal adenoma b) hypertension c) excessive thirst d) thinning arms and legs
thinning arms and legs