period 1-5 apush review
Gathering of colonial delegates who formed the Continental Army
2nd Continental Congress
The development that brought "corne" to the attention of botanists such as Gerard is best known as the A: Columbian exchange B: Encomienda system C: Trans-Atlantic slave trade D: Enlightenment
A: Columbian exchange
The development of the early nineteenth-century concept of "separate spheres" for the sexes encouraged all of the following EXCEPT A: accepting women as intellectual equals of men B: idealizing the home as a haven in a competitive world C: designating the home as the appropriate place for a women D: emphasizing childrearing as a prime duty of women
A: accepting women as intellectual equals of men
"Emancipator". Election started the civil war, while in office, ended slavery.
Abraham Lincoln
Believed in the need for a strong national bank
Alexander Hamilton
Known as "Old Hickory" he led the Trail of Tears, and openly used the Spoils System to get his supporters government positions.
Andrew Jackson
He came to office as the Civil War concluded. He favored quick restoration of the seceded states to the Union without protection for the former slaves. His main accomplishment as president was the Alaska purchase
Andrew Johnson
Who was a major women's rights reformer?
Angelina Grimke
Which of the following livestock introduced by the Spanish had the greatest impact on Great Plains Indians settlement patterns? A: Cows B: Horses C: Pigs D: Buffalo
B: Horses
Which other "righteous cause" would participants in the Seneca Falls Convention have been most likely to support? A: Expansionism B: Nativism C: Abolitionism D: Conservatism
C: Abolitionism
A document which contains fundamental principles
Constitution
Salvation was predestined
Covenant of Grace
Salvation earned by doing good deeds
Covenant of Works
As Spanish labor demands grew, the labor source for imperial production transitioned to A: Spanish peasants B: Indentured servants C: Indians D: African slaves
D: African slaves
What was the most effective long-term response of African slaves to the treatment depicted in the image above? A: Sustained revolts and violence against European culture and social structures B: The creation of alliances with native communities to resist the colonization and slavery C: Enculturation and subordination to European culture D: Cultural and linguistic adaptation to achieve a degree of cultural preservation and autonomy
D: Cultural and linguistic adaptation to achieve a degree of cultural preservation and autonomy
Which of the following resulted from the differing worldviews of American Indians and Europeans as illustrated in the excerpt above? A: Environmental concerns due to the exploitation of natural resources B: An emphasis on the search for wealth, power and status C: American Indians embracing new European social and economic relationships D: Debates over how American Indians should be treated and "civilized"
D: Debates over how American Indians should be treated and "civilized"
Which of the following was an important consequence of the debate over the Jay Treaty? A: The United States adopted a policy of isolationism B: Sectional tensions between the West and the South increased. C: Federalists introduced legislation in Congress to establish a constitutional monarchy on the British model D: Strong disagreements over policy promoted the development of political parties
D: Strong disagreements over policy promoted the development of political parties
The change depicted on the maps most directly contributed to which of the following? A: The drawing of a boundary line to discourage settlers from moving west of the Appalachians B: The establishment of a national bank to promote more stability in financial transactions C: The calls for the United States annexation of French and Spanish territories in the Mississippi River valley D: The creation of more interconnected and efficient markets for consumer goods
D: The creation of more interconnected and efficient markets for consumer goods
Massachusetts farmer and revolution veteran who led a rebellion against the government
Daniel Shays
created spinning bees to help promote homespun cloth instead of buying textiles from Britain
Daughters of Liberty
Early system of representative government put forth by the Virginia Company
House of Burgesses
Men and Women who worked for 5 years in exchange for free passage to the colonies
Indentured Servitude
How did Northerners defend/justify the institution of slavery?
It assisted the American Economy and was a necessary evil that was bound to happen.
Provide a brief explanation of this quote
It is explaining the Navigation Acts which is saying the American colony is not allowed to trade or sell any goods to any other country other than England
Federalist president, who promoted Hamilton's pro-British policies
John Adams
Who was the president during the XYZ affair and what pieces of legislation were put into place afterwards (directed at the French)?
John Adams and the Alien and Sedition acts
Known as a "war hawk" during the War of 1812 and supported South Carolina nullifying the tariff under President Andrew Jackson.
John C. Calhoun
Enlightenment philosopher who posed questions about strength of central governments and whose ideas were used as the foundation for the American government system
John Locke
Created the territories in the Great Lakes region
NW Ordinance 1787
Americans who took adopted extreme hostility toward immigrants were known as?
Nativists
Life, liberty and property
Natural Rights
Early British colonies developed along the Atlantic coast, with regional differences that reflect various environmental, economic, cultural, and demographic factors. Please provide a specific example from the New England colonies, middle colonies and Chesapeake.
New England had rocky infertile soil along with pilgrims and puritans The middle colonies had fertile land which led to farming. Christians resided in this region Cheseapeake has very fertile land therefore had lots of farming. Slavery was present in this region.
Giving jobs and salaries to political allies
Patronage
What colony do Quakers reside?
Pennsylvania
Native tribe in Connecticut that was hostile to European settlers and waged war to cut off their trade
Pequot
Separatists who had left the Church of England and sailed to America on the Mayflower
Pilgrims
Fought the British military over the occupation and control of the Great Lakes region
Pontiac
Members of the Church of England with hopes to purify it
Puritans
Colonial Policy of relaxed colonial supervision and rule
Salutary Neglect
Most numerous group of European immigrants during this era
Scots-Irish
What major historical event proved the Articles of confederation were weak?
Shays' Rebellion
A group of colonists that would seek radical change, sometimes using violence to achieve it
Sons of Liberty
Migrants settling illegally on land in hopes of acquiring it on legal terms
Squatters
An act which placed a tax on all printed documents
Stamp act
What was the largest slave revolt prior to the American revolution?
Stono Rebellion
A law that attempted to curb the smuggling of sugar and molasses in the colonies
Sugar act
Provided financial relief to the East India Company
Tea Act
The time period following the War of 1812 was known as?
The Era of Good Feelings
Connecting the Hudson River in Albany to Lake Erie in Buffalo, what is the name of the man-made water route?
The Erie Canal
What two plans combined to create the Great Compromise and explain how each plan contributed to the Compromise?
The New Jersey plan and the Virginia plan. New jersey plan = established senate (equal rep. for 50 states). Virginia plan = established house of representatives (rep. based off state population).
Explain how one specific historical event or development contributed to the changes in land claims depicted in the map.
The Seven Years War resulted in France losing land to Britain, which is shown in the map.
Explain the economy of the Northern United States during the antebellum era.
The economy in the north was booming due to events such as the industrial revolution and factory work. With more tools and efficiency the market boomed.
Explain the difference between the Great Awakening and the Enlightenment
The great awakening was the uprise of religion whereas the enlightenment was an uprise in philosophical thinkers and ideas.
How has the nation's identity changed from the early 1770s until now? What are two ways that have helped define the America identity post American revolution.
The nation's identity has altered politically and economically. America has disregarded mercantilism and no longer has to import/export trade through Britain. America also has a different two-party system than federalist/anti-federalist, it is now Democrat/Republican0
The language in the excerpt most directly reflects the influence of what era?
The second great awakening
What was America's 2nd war for independence?
The war of 1812
The first Democratic-Republican president
Thomas Jefferson
The main institution of local government, practiced in small Puritan towns
Town Meeting
Imposed taxes on: paper, paint, glass and tea
Townshend act
Formally recognized America as an independent nation
Treaty of Paris 1783
True or False: In George Washington's Farewell Address, he urged Americans not to get involved in foreign affairs
True
This marked a major turning point in the American Revolution, where George Washington increased the morale of the Continental Army during the winter of 1777/1778
Valley Forge
1794 uprising of farmers in western Pennsylvania in protest of an excise tax enacted by the federal government
Whiskey Rebellion
Designed Pennsylvania as a refuge for Quakers
William Penn
Pushed Britain into war with France and provided a vast amount of resources to ensure British and colonial success
William Pitt
Fought in the Mexican American War
Zachary Taylor
To take on the values, beliefs, and traditions of a dominant culture
assimilation
Abstain from purchasing products in hopes of forces political change
boycott
What were the first two political parties and who was the "face" of each.
federalists and democratic-republicans. face for federalist was Alexander Hamilton, face for democratic-republicans was Thomas Jefferson.
Provide two specific examples that proved the Articles of confederation were weak.
government could not institute taxes but needed them to fund the war. No way to negotiate treaties/trade with other countries.
Hit and run tactics
guerrilla warfare
Faithful to the crown (tories)
loyalist
Radical/rebel colonist (whig)
patriot
Political concept that the power of a nation belongs to the peoples/states
popular sovereignty
Required colonists to provide shelter for British soldiers
quartering act
England's claim that the colonists were represented in Parliament
virtual representation
Which of the following was the most significant impact of the South's expansion described in the excerpt? A: Conflict over the future of slavery B: Growth of a national railroad network C: Fewer social differences among White settlers D: Greater opportunities for free African Americans
A: Conflict over the future of slavery
The American Temperance Society used which of the following evidence in the expert to explain why it believed the temperance movement would be successful? A: Its supporters held the moral and religious high ground B: Its supporters were willing to use violence to get people to stop drinking alcohol C: Its supporters were more likely to vote in upcoming elections D: Its supports used new transportation routes to spread their message.
A: Its supporters held the moral and religious high ground
Why did Native Americans in Mesoamerica cultivate maize beginning around 6000 B.C.? A: Maize had a high yield per acre B: A blight had spoiled the region's potato crops C: Overhunting had devastated the mammoth population D: Mesoamericans had brought the crop from Asia
A: Maize had a high yield per acre
John Gast's painting reflected American's belief in the pursuit of the west (John L. O'Sullivan) A: Manifest Destiny B: Sectionalism C: 2nd Great Awakening D: None of the above
A: Manifest Destiny
Which 15th century European country dominated the African slave trade? A: Portugal B: Holland C: England D: France
A: Portugal
Which of the following resulted from arguments made by Southern politicians, such as the one in the excerpt, in the years prior to the Civil War? A: Slaveholders became more insistent that maintaining the slave system was essential to protecting the South and its way of life B: Many people in the South who depended on the labor of enslaved people nevertheless became more willing to admit that slavery was a sin C: Abolitionists scheduled numerous peaking tours throughout the South to counter pro-slavery attitudes like that expressed by Calhoun D: Congress passed legislation guaranteeing slavery in the South to show that the slave system was not threatened
A: Slaveholders became more insistent that maintaining the slave system was essential to protecting the South and its way of life
Samuel Morse's invention enhanced communication greatly A: Telegraph B: Telephone C: Electricity D: Trains
A: Telegraph
Which of the following historical developments contributed most directly to the market revolution? A: The emergence of new forms of transportation B: The increased number of women in the paid workforce C: The emergence of southern opposition to tariffs D: The decline of slavery in the Northeast
A: The emergence of new forms of transportation
The excerpt best reflects which of the following developments during the first half of the nineteenth century? A: The formation of new political parties B: The establishment of abolitionist groups C: The increase of immigration from Europe D: The emergence of religious cultures
A: The formation of new political parties
French exploration of North America, as reflected in the excerpt, most directly contributed to which of the following? A: The ongoing shift from feudalism to capitalism in western Europe B: An economy based on agricultural surpluses in French North America C: Population decline in France as a result of migration to the American colonies D: Western European acceptance of the racial and cultural equality of American Indians
A: The ongoing shift from feudalism to capitalism in western Europe
Why were the people of the Great Lakes region particularly mobile in pre-Columbian times? A: They took advantage of the extensive road networks of lakes and rivers B: They had access to horses C: The region consisted of flat grassland that was easy to traverse D: The Native peoples of the Great lakes regions were highly nomadic and never set camp for more than two nights
A: They took advantage of the extensive road networks of lakes and rivers
Based on the excerpt, the most likely purpose of Dickinson's letter was to A: Use Enlightenment rhetoric to encourage American autonomy B: Support efforts to claim the French territory of Louisiana C: Argue for increased industrial production in the colonies D: Call for immediate end of the international slave trade
A: Use Enlightenment rhetoric to encourage American autonomy
The Spanish and other European powers justified the approach depicted in the image above on the basis of A: White superiority B: Technological demands C: Academic evidence from Enlightenment thinkers D: Poverty in African nations
A: White superiority
Challenged male authority and Puritan doctrines about salvation
Anne Hutchinson
Americans who argued for a Bill of Rights to be added to the new U.S. Constitution
Anti-Federalist
Government in which the majority of power remained in the states
Articles of Confederation
Which of the following events could best be interpreted as reflecting the exercise of power depicted in the image? A: The completion of the transcontinental railroad despite concerns about costs B: American Indian removal despite the Supreme Court ruling in Worcester v. Georgia C: The publication of the South Carolina Exposition and Protest, which explained nullification D: The formation of the Whig Party
B: American Indian removal despite the Supreme Court ruling in Worcester v. Georgia
The language and themes of the excerpt were most directly inspired by the A: Articles of Confederation B: Declaration of Independence C: Northwest Ordinance D: United States Constitution
B: Declaration of Independence
The excerpt makes the overall argument that the Atlantic economy A: Eliminated competition between European nations B: Drove long-lasting economic shifts across Europe, Africa, and the Americas C: Contributed to the persistence of feudal economic systems D: Contributed to the collapse of European empires
B: Drove long-lasting economic shifts across Europe, Africa, and the Americas
In their colonization of the Americas, the Spanish used the encomienda system to A: Organize and regulate Native American labor B: Improve trade regulation with Native Americans C: Draft Native Americans into the Spanish military D: Limit intermarriage between the Spaniards and Native Americans
B: Improve trade regulation with Native Americans
To which of the following was Dickinson responding to in his letters? A: Native American challenge to European control of the fur trade B: Increased taxation and imperial oversight following the Seven Year' War C: Efforts by the Spanish to reclaim territory in North America D: Arguments regarding the creation of a new national constitution
B: Increased taxation and imperial oversight following the Seven Year' War
The creator of the image would most likely agree with which of the following statements? A: Jackson's natural leadership skills made him an ideal president B: Jackson's political actions were unconstitutional C: Jackson would have accepted internal improvements if Congress had consulted him' D: Jackson was celebrated by the people because his foreign policies benefited the nation
B: Jackson's political actions were unconstitutional
Fifteenth- and Sixteenth-century Spanish exploration and conquest created a racially mixed culture known as A: Mulatto B: Mestizo C: Chicano D: Latino
B: Mestizo
Which of the following statements describes the Portuguese connection to African slavery in the 1400s? A: The Portuguese introduced the idea and practice of slavery in Africa B: Portuguese traders ousted Arab merchants as the prime African slave merchants C: By refusing to trade in slaves, Portugal paved the way for the Dutch slave merchants D: Portuguese traders on transporting female slaves for work in agriculture
B: Portuguese traders ousted Arab merchants as the prime African slave merchants
Which of the following resulted from the change in the Native American population described in Las Casas? A: The Spanish introduced new crops into the Americas, altering the native diet B: The Spanish imported Africans as a new source of labor C: Laborers on Hispaniola launched a large-scale rebellion against their Spanish opressors D: The remaining native groups established alliances with the spanish colonists
B: The Spanish imported Africans as a new source of labor
The excerpt best reflects which of the following historical situations in the early 1800s? A: The innovations in the market revolution creating new wealth for Americans B: The emergence of a new and distinctive American culture C: The transition of the United States to a more participatory democracy D: The importance of reading literacy among Americans
B: The emergence of a new and distinctive American culture
Which of the following contributed most directly to the population movement described in the excerpt? A: The discovery of gold B: The overcultivation of the soil C: The growth of industrial manufacturing D: The decline of the trans-Atlantic trade
B: The overcultivation of the soil
Which of the following is a correct statement about women in the United States society in the years 1790-1810? A: They attained suffrage in all states B: They were considered critical to educating good republican citizens C: They became increasingly prominent as entrepreneurs D: They owned a large share of the nation's property
B: They were considered critical to educating good republican citizens
Before the arrival of Europeans, Great Basin and Western Plains Indians A: developed larger permanent communities B: responded to a lack of resources by developing mobile lifestyles C: became independent on agriculture and maize cultivation D: created strong trade networks among North American tribes
B: responded to a lack of resources by developing mobile lifestyles
Who created this political cartoon and for what purpose?
Ben Franklin created it. Its purpose was to unite all the colonies to fight against England so they could gain their independence.
Guaranteed/alienable rights
Bill of Rights
Which of the following pieces of evidence best supports the excerpt's depiction of reactions to slave rebellions? A: Southern states banned the importation of slaves from Africa B: Northerners agreed that slavery was a positive institution for society. C: Additional restrictions were placed on enslaved and free African Americans D: The majority of slaveholders moved toward using alternative forms of labor
C: Additional restrictions were placed on enslaved and free African Americans
Prior to the Civil War, a transformation occurred in the workforce of the New England textile mills as New England farm girls were replaced by A: French-Canadian immigrants B: freed African Americans from the South C: Irish Immigrants D: German Immigrants
C: Irish Immigrants
Why did powerful leaders in northern Native American groups redistribute their disproportionate share of the wealth? A: They did not have any use for the additional wealth B: It was mandated by their tribal group C: It proved their generosity and strengthened their authority D: Most Native Americans objected to social inequality
C: It proved their generosity and strengthened their authority
Which deadly epidemic most devastated Mexican natives and was the subject of numerous 15th and 16th century primary accounts of disease? A: Measles B: Influenza C: Smallpox D: Syphilis
C: Smallpox
How did the Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro conquer the Incans by 1535? A: He had a large force of 1,000 men and 500 horses that overwhelmed the Incans B: The Spanish forced Atahualpa, the last Incan emperor, to surrender to the Spanish C: The Incans were already weakened militarily and divided because of rival claimants to the throne D: The Incans were frightened by the Spaniards and did not resist his forces
C: The Incans were already weakened militarily and divided because of rival claimants to the throne
Paine's argument best provides evidence for which of the following developments resulting from the American Revolution? A: The rapid creation of an industrialized economy in the United States B: The increase in immigration from continental Europe and reduction in immigration from Great Britain C: The emergence of a unique American national identity separate from that of Europe D: The fear among the Spanish and French that revolutionary ideas would be spread, which prompted them to abandon their colonies
C: The emergence of a unique American national identity separate from that of Europe
Which of the following contributed most to the changes shown in the graph? A: Loss of territory and access to natural resources B: The introduction of new plants and animals C: The introduction of new diseases D: Warfare with Europeans
C: The introduction of new diseases
The most devastating impact of the Spanish conquest and exploration was A: American Indian resistance and conflict B: The subjugation of American Indians C: The forced conversion of natives to Christianity C: The spread of deadly epidemics
C: The spread of deadly epidemics
The second paragraph of the excerpt makes which of the following claims about the introduction to Europe of new crops from the Americas? A: They remained relatively unpopular B: They required little labor to produce C: They stimulated economies across Europe D: They replaced traditional agricultural products
C: They stimulated economies across Europe
All of the following groups would have been likely to agree with the image's depiction of Andrew Jackson EXCEPT: A: South Carolinians who opposed federal tariffs B: American Indians such as Cherokees C: Western farmers who opposed to national bank D: Advocates of federally funded internal improvements projects
C: Western farmers who opposed to national bank
Jacksonian Democracy was distinguished by the belief that A: an aristocracy posed no danger to the Republic B: the National Republicans alone knew what was right for the people C: political participation by the common man should be increased D: political rights should be granted to women
C: political participation by the common man should be increased
When Thomas Jefferson said in 1801, "We are all republicans- we are all federalists," he meant that A: Americans would never ally themselves with monarchical governments B: Federalists would be appointed to his cabinet C: The two parties' platforms were identical D: The principles of American government were above party politics
D: The principles of American government were above party politics
Which of the following claims best aligns with the evidence in the excerpt about the relationship between enslaved African Americans and White Southers citizens? A: A majority of White citizens held slaves; therefore, they felt obligated to ensure the preservation of slvaery. B: The attitudes of White citizens regarding the motives of slave rebellions differed by region within the South C: A majority of poor White citizens benefited economically from having enslaved African Americans do the manual labor that White citizens did not want to do. D: The slave system gave poor White citizens the feeling of social superiority over free and enslaved African Americans in a culture where African Americans held little power
D: The slave system gave poor White citizens the feeling of social superiority over free and enslaved African Americans in a culture where African Americans held little power
The ideas expressed in the excerpt best reflect which of the following historical processes? A: The desire to fund transportation improvements to settle the interior of North America B: The persistence of aspects of African culture among enslaved people C: The creation of alliances between Europeans and Native Americans D: The transmission of Enlightenment ideals across the Atlantic
D: The transmission of Enlightenment ideals across the Atlantic
Which of the following evidence was used by the American Temperance Society in the excerpt to explain why people would join the temperance movement? A: abstention from alcohol would extend American life expectancy B: The development of treatments for alcoholism would change the habits of men C: The formation of a national movement would eliminate the consumption of alcohol D: The use of specific studies would convince people to believe the movements goal.
D: The use of specific studies would convince people to believe the movements goal.
A System employed by the Spanish advanced the goals of both converting American Indians to Christianity and exploiting their labor Encomiendas
Encomiendas
True or False: The Albany Plan of Union was a success for the colonists.
False
85 essays which argued for the passage of the U.S. Constitution
Federalist Papers
Americans who believed in a centralized national government and fiscal policies
Federalists
People of an elite social class
Gentry
British monarch who sent Redcoats to the American colonies
George III
Warned of the potential issues from creating political parties and participating in foreign alliances
George Washington
Who were the "fathers" of the Great Awakening?
George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards
English monarchy loses power when William and Mary are forced to sign the Declaration of Rights
Glorious Revolution
What did Jackson do to the Second Bank of the U.S and how did he do it?
He used a bill to block the money from going to the bank and set it to go into pet banks. He didn't want the second bank since he wanted everything as he designed and wanted power over it. He ended it by vetoing its charter.
Grant of 50 acres if passage of an immigrant is paid for
Headright System
Explain how the seven years war marked a turning point in American relations with Great Britain.
It caused Britain to end Salutary Neglect and to be more involved with the colonies. This resulted in stricter and more enforced laws as well as taxes being placed on the colonists. This angered the colonists which eventually led to the Revolutionary War.
American and British agreement which allowed the British to seize American ships
Jay's Treaty
Governor of the massachusetts Bay colony, claimed that Puritans should establish a "City upon a Hill"
John Winthop
A commercial agreement that allows investors with common interests to pool their resources
Joint-Stock Company
Created federal, district, and circuit courts in each state
Judiciary Act of 1789
What was significant of the Election of 1824? (Who was involved/what was the outcome?)
Labeled the corrupt bargain, Andrew Jackson won the popular vote and John Quincy Adams won the electoral vote so Adams won the presidency.
Settles Catholics in Maryland
Lord Baltimore
The "X" on the map refers to what location?
Louisiana Purchase
In what colony could Catholics find refuge and religious tolerance?
Maryland
What gave the authority of state governments to decide whether or not an act of Congress was constitutional?
McCulloch v. Maryland
The policies stated in the above law can best be seen as an example of what type of economy?
Mercantilism economy
Chief of Wampanoags and led natives in the destruction of ⅕ of the English towns in Massachusetts and Rhode Island during King Philip's War
Metacom
Naval Route the slaves were forced to travel their way to European colonies
Middle Passage
He has largely been remembered for his ambivalent stance on slavery and his failure to prevent growing sectional conflict from erupting into a full-blown civil war
Millard Fillmore
Men who organized a colonial militia, and would be prepared to fight at a minute's notice
Minutemen
Founder of Providence, Rhode Island and promoted religious tolerance and argued over the separation of church and state
Roger Williams
He oversaw the end of Reconstruction, began the efforts that led to civil service reform, and attempted to reconcile the divisions left over from the Civil War
Rutherford B. Hayes
