period 1-5 apush review

Gathering of colonial delegates who formed the Continental Army

2nd Continental Congress

The development that brought "corne" to the attention of botanists such as Gerard is best known as the A: Columbian exchange B: Encomienda system C: Trans-Atlantic slave trade D: Enlightenment

A: Columbian exchange

The development of the early nineteenth-century concept of "separate spheres" for the sexes encouraged all of the following EXCEPT A: accepting women as intellectual equals of men B: idealizing the home as a haven in a competitive world C: designating the home as the appropriate place for a women D: emphasizing childrearing as a prime duty of women

A: accepting women as intellectual equals of men

"Emancipator". Election started the civil war, while in office, ended slavery.

Abraham Lincoln

Believed in the need for a strong national bank

Alexander Hamilton

Known as "Old Hickory" he led the Trail of Tears, and openly used the Spoils System to get his supporters government positions.

Andrew Jackson

He came to office as the Civil War concluded. He favored quick restoration of the seceded states to the Union without protection for the former slaves. His main accomplishment as president was the Alaska purchase

Andrew Johnson

Who was a major women's rights reformer?

Angelina Grimke

Which of the following livestock introduced by the Spanish had the greatest impact on Great Plains Indians settlement patterns? A: Cows B: Horses C: Pigs D: Buffalo

B: Horses

Which other "righteous cause" would participants in the Seneca Falls Convention have been most likely to support? A: Expansionism B: Nativism C: Abolitionism D: Conservatism

C: Abolitionism

A document which contains fundamental principles

Constitution

Salvation was predestined

Covenant of Grace

Salvation earned by doing good deeds

Covenant of Works

As Spanish labor demands grew, the labor source for imperial production transitioned to A: Spanish peasants B: Indentured servants C: Indians D: African slaves

D: African slaves

What was the most effective long-term response of African slaves to the treatment depicted in the image above? A: Sustained revolts and violence against European culture and social structures B: The creation of alliances with native communities to resist the colonization and slavery C: Enculturation and subordination to European culture D: Cultural and linguistic adaptation to achieve a degree of cultural preservation and autonomy

D: Cultural and linguistic adaptation to achieve a degree of cultural preservation and autonomy

Which of the following resulted from the differing worldviews of American Indians and Europeans as illustrated in the excerpt above? A: Environmental concerns due to the exploitation of natural resources B: An emphasis on the search for wealth, power and status C: American Indians embracing new European social and economic relationships D: Debates over how American Indians should be treated and "civilized"

D: Debates over how American Indians should be treated and "civilized"

Which of the following was an important consequence of the debate over the Jay Treaty? A: The United States adopted a policy of isolationism B: Sectional tensions between the West and the South increased. C: Federalists introduced legislation in Congress to establish a constitutional monarchy on the British model D: Strong disagreements over policy promoted the development of political parties

D: Strong disagreements over policy promoted the development of political parties

The change depicted on the maps most directly contributed to which of the following? A: The drawing of a boundary line to discourage settlers from moving west of the Appalachians B: The establishment of a national bank to promote more stability in financial transactions C: The calls for the United States annexation of French and Spanish territories in the Mississippi River valley D: The creation of more interconnected and efficient markets for consumer goods

D: The creation of more interconnected and efficient markets for consumer goods

Massachusetts farmer and revolution veteran who led a rebellion against the government

Daniel Shays

created spinning bees to help promote homespun cloth instead of buying textiles from Britain

Daughters of Liberty

Early system of representative government put forth by the Virginia Company

House of Burgesses

Men and Women who worked for 5 years in exchange for free passage to the colonies

Indentured Servitude

How did Northerners defend/justify the institution of slavery?

It assisted the American Economy and was a necessary evil that was bound to happen.

Provide a brief explanation of this quote

It is explaining the Navigation Acts which is saying the American colony is not allowed to trade or sell any goods to any other country other than England

Federalist president, who promoted Hamilton's pro-British policies

John Adams

Who was the president during the XYZ affair and what pieces of legislation were put into place afterwards (directed at the French)?

John Adams and the Alien and Sedition acts

Known as a "war hawk" during the War of 1812 and supported South Carolina nullifying the tariff under President Andrew Jackson.

John C. Calhoun

Enlightenment philosopher who posed questions about strength of central governments and whose ideas were used as the foundation for the American government system

John Locke

Created the territories in the Great Lakes region

NW Ordinance 1787

Americans who took adopted extreme hostility toward immigrants were known as?

Nativists

Life, liberty and property

Natural Rights

Early British colonies developed along the Atlantic coast, with regional differences that reflect various environmental, economic, cultural, and demographic factors. Please provide a specific example from the New England colonies, middle colonies and Chesapeake.

New England had rocky infertile soil along with pilgrims and puritans The middle colonies had fertile land which led to farming. Christians resided in this region Cheseapeake has very fertile land therefore had lots of farming. Slavery was present in this region.

Giving jobs and salaries to political allies

Patronage

What colony do Quakers reside?

Pennsylvania

Native tribe in Connecticut that was hostile to European settlers and waged war to cut off their trade

Pequot

Separatists who had left the Church of England and sailed to America on the Mayflower

Pilgrims

Fought the British military over the occupation and control of the Great Lakes region

Pontiac

Members of the Church of England with hopes to purify it

Puritans

Colonial Policy of relaxed colonial supervision and rule

Salutary Neglect

Most numerous group of European immigrants during this era

Scots-Irish

What major historical event proved the Articles of confederation were weak?

Shays' Rebellion

A group of colonists that would seek radical change, sometimes using violence to achieve it

Sons of Liberty

Migrants settling illegally on land in hopes of acquiring it on legal terms

Squatters

An act which placed a tax on all printed documents

Stamp act

What was the largest slave revolt prior to the American revolution?

Stono Rebellion

A law that attempted to curb the smuggling of sugar and molasses in the colonies

Sugar act

Provided financial relief to the East India Company

Tea Act

The time period following the War of 1812 was known as?

The Era of Good Feelings

Connecting the Hudson River in Albany to Lake Erie in Buffalo, what is the name of the man-made water route?

The Erie Canal

What two plans combined to create the Great Compromise and explain how each plan contributed to the Compromise?

The New Jersey plan and the Virginia plan. New jersey plan = established senate (equal rep. for 50 states). Virginia plan = established house of representatives (rep. based off state population).

Explain how one specific historical event or development contributed to the changes in land claims depicted in the map.

The Seven Years War resulted in France losing land to Britain, which is shown in the map.

Explain the economy of the Northern United States during the antebellum era.

The economy in the north was booming due to events such as the industrial revolution and factory work. With more tools and efficiency the market boomed.

Explain the difference between the Great Awakening and the Enlightenment

The great awakening was the uprise of religion whereas the enlightenment was an uprise in philosophical thinkers and ideas.

How has the nation's identity changed from the early 1770s until now? What are two ways that have helped define the America identity post American revolution.

The nation's identity has altered politically and economically. America has disregarded mercantilism and no longer has to import/export trade through Britain. America also has a different two-party system than federalist/anti-federalist, it is now Democrat/Republican0

The language in the excerpt most directly reflects the influence of what era?

The second great awakening

What was America's 2nd war for independence?

The war of 1812

The first Democratic-Republican president

Thomas Jefferson

The main institution of local government, practiced in small Puritan towns

Town Meeting

Imposed taxes on: paper, paint, glass and tea

Townshend act

Formally recognized America as an independent nation

Treaty of Paris 1783

True or False: In George Washington's Farewell Address, he urged Americans not to get involved in foreign affairs

True

This marked a major turning point in the American Revolution, where George Washington increased the morale of the Continental Army during the winter of 1777/1778

Valley Forge

1794 uprising of farmers in western Pennsylvania in protest of an excise tax enacted by the federal government

Whiskey Rebellion

Designed Pennsylvania as a refuge for Quakers

William Penn

Pushed Britain into war with France and provided a vast amount of resources to ensure British and colonial success

William Pitt

Fought in the Mexican American War

Zachary Taylor

To take on the values, beliefs, and traditions of a dominant culture

assimilation

Abstain from purchasing products in hopes of forces political change

boycott

What were the first two political parties and who was the "face" of each.

federalists and democratic-republicans. face for federalist was Alexander Hamilton, face for democratic-republicans was Thomas Jefferson.

Provide two specific examples that proved the Articles of confederation were weak.

government could not institute taxes but needed them to fund the war. No way to negotiate treaties/trade with other countries.

Hit and run tactics

guerrilla warfare

Faithful to the crown (tories)

loyalist

Radical/rebel colonist (whig)

patriot

Political concept that the power of a nation belongs to the peoples/states

popular sovereignty

Required colonists to provide shelter for British soldiers

quartering act

England's claim that the colonists were represented in Parliament

virtual representation

Which of the following was the most significant impact of the South's expansion described in the excerpt? A: Conflict over the future of slavery B: Growth of a national railroad network C: Fewer social differences among White settlers D: Greater opportunities for free African Americans

A: Conflict over the future of slavery

The American Temperance Society used which of the following evidence in the expert to explain why it believed the temperance movement would be successful? A: Its supporters held the moral and religious high ground B: Its supporters were willing to use violence to get people to stop drinking alcohol C: Its supporters were more likely to vote in upcoming elections D: Its supports used new transportation routes to spread their message.

A: Its supporters held the moral and religious high ground

Why did Native Americans in Mesoamerica cultivate maize beginning around 6000 B.C.? A: Maize had a high yield per acre B: A blight had spoiled the region's potato crops C: Overhunting had devastated the mammoth population D: Mesoamericans had brought the crop from Asia

A: Maize had a high yield per acre

John Gast's painting reflected American's belief in the pursuit of the west (John L. O'Sullivan) A: Manifest Destiny B: Sectionalism C: 2nd Great Awakening D: None of the above

A: Manifest Destiny

Which 15th century European country dominated the African slave trade? A: Portugal B: Holland C: England D: France

A: Portugal

Which of the following resulted from arguments made by Southern politicians, such as the one in the excerpt, in the years prior to the Civil War? A: Slaveholders became more insistent that maintaining the slave system was essential to protecting the South and its way of life B: Many people in the South who depended on the labor of enslaved people nevertheless became more willing to admit that slavery was a sin C: Abolitionists scheduled numerous peaking tours throughout the South to counter pro-slavery attitudes like that expressed by Calhoun D: Congress passed legislation guaranteeing slavery in the South to show that the slave system was not threatened

A: Slaveholders became more insistent that maintaining the slave system was essential to protecting the South and its way of life

Samuel Morse's invention enhanced communication greatly A: Telegraph B: Telephone C: Electricity D: Trains

A: Telegraph

Which of the following historical developments contributed most directly to the market revolution? A: The emergence of new forms of transportation B: The increased number of women in the paid workforce C: The emergence of southern opposition to tariffs D: The decline of slavery in the Northeast

A: The emergence of new forms of transportation

The excerpt best reflects which of the following developments during the first half of the nineteenth century? A: The formation of new political parties B: The establishment of abolitionist groups C: The increase of immigration from Europe D: The emergence of religious cultures

A: The formation of new political parties

French exploration of North America, as reflected in the excerpt, most directly contributed to which of the following? A: The ongoing shift from feudalism to capitalism in western Europe B: An economy based on agricultural surpluses in French North America C: Population decline in France as a result of migration to the American colonies D: Western European acceptance of the racial and cultural equality of American Indians

A: The ongoing shift from feudalism to capitalism in western Europe

Why were the people of the Great Lakes region particularly mobile in pre-Columbian times? A: They took advantage of the extensive road networks of lakes and rivers B: They had access to horses C: The region consisted of flat grassland that was easy to traverse D: The Native peoples of the Great lakes regions were highly nomadic and never set camp for more than two nights

A: They took advantage of the extensive road networks of lakes and rivers

Based on the excerpt, the most likely purpose of Dickinson's letter was to A: Use Enlightenment rhetoric to encourage American autonomy B: Support efforts to claim the French territory of Louisiana C: Argue for increased industrial production in the colonies D: Call for immediate end of the international slave trade

A: Use Enlightenment rhetoric to encourage American autonomy

The Spanish and other European powers justified the approach depicted in the image above on the basis of A: White superiority B: Technological demands C: Academic evidence from Enlightenment thinkers D: Poverty in African nations

A: White superiority

Challenged male authority and Puritan doctrines about salvation

Anne Hutchinson

Americans who argued for a Bill of Rights to be added to the new U.S. Constitution

Anti-Federalist

Government in which the majority of power remained in the states

Articles of Confederation

Which of the following events could best be interpreted as reflecting the exercise of power depicted in the image? A: The completion of the transcontinental railroad despite concerns about costs B: American Indian removal despite the Supreme Court ruling in Worcester v. Georgia C: The publication of the South Carolina Exposition and Protest, which explained nullification D: The formation of the Whig Party

B: American Indian removal despite the Supreme Court ruling in Worcester v. Georgia

The language and themes of the excerpt were most directly inspired by the A: Articles of Confederation B: Declaration of Independence C: Northwest Ordinance D: United States Constitution

B: Declaration of Independence

The excerpt makes the overall argument that the Atlantic economy A: Eliminated competition between European nations B: Drove long-lasting economic shifts across Europe, Africa, and the Americas C: Contributed to the persistence of feudal economic systems D: Contributed to the collapse of European empires

B: Drove long-lasting economic shifts across Europe, Africa, and the Americas

In their colonization of the Americas, the Spanish used the encomienda system to A: Organize and regulate Native American labor B: Improve trade regulation with Native Americans C: Draft Native Americans into the Spanish military D: Limit intermarriage between the Spaniards and Native Americans

B: Improve trade regulation with Native Americans

To which of the following was Dickinson responding to in his letters? A: Native American challenge to European control of the fur trade B: Increased taxation and imperial oversight following the Seven Year' War C: Efforts by the Spanish to reclaim territory in North America D: Arguments regarding the creation of a new national constitution

B: Increased taxation and imperial oversight following the Seven Year' War

The creator of the image would most likely agree with which of the following statements? A: Jackson's natural leadership skills made him an ideal president B: Jackson's political actions were unconstitutional C: Jackson would have accepted internal improvements if Congress had consulted him' D: Jackson was celebrated by the people because his foreign policies benefited the nation

B: Jackson's political actions were unconstitutional

Fifteenth- and Sixteenth-century Spanish exploration and conquest created a racially mixed culture known as A: Mulatto B: Mestizo C: Chicano D: Latino

B: Mestizo

Which of the following statements describes the Portuguese connection to African slavery in the 1400s? A: The Portuguese introduced the idea and practice of slavery in Africa B: Portuguese traders ousted Arab merchants as the prime African slave merchants C: By refusing to trade in slaves, Portugal paved the way for the Dutch slave merchants D: Portuguese traders on transporting female slaves for work in agriculture

B: Portuguese traders ousted Arab merchants as the prime African slave merchants

Which of the following resulted from the change in the Native American population described in Las Casas? A: The Spanish introduced new crops into the Americas, altering the native diet B: The Spanish imported Africans as a new source of labor C: Laborers on Hispaniola launched a large-scale rebellion against their Spanish opressors D: The remaining native groups established alliances with the spanish colonists

B: The Spanish imported Africans as a new source of labor

The excerpt best reflects which of the following historical situations in the early 1800s? A: The innovations in the market revolution creating new wealth for Americans B: The emergence of a new and distinctive American culture C: The transition of the United States to a more participatory democracy D: The importance of reading literacy among Americans

B: The emergence of a new and distinctive American culture

Which of the following contributed most directly to the population movement described in the excerpt? A: The discovery of gold B: The overcultivation of the soil C: The growth of industrial manufacturing D: The decline of the trans-Atlantic trade

B: The overcultivation of the soil

Which of the following is a correct statement about women in the United States society in the years 1790-1810? A: They attained suffrage in all states B: They were considered critical to educating good republican citizens C: They became increasingly prominent as entrepreneurs D: They owned a large share of the nation's property

B: They were considered critical to educating good republican citizens

Before the arrival of Europeans, Great Basin and Western Plains Indians A: developed larger permanent communities B: responded to a lack of resources by developing mobile lifestyles C: became independent on agriculture and maize cultivation D: created strong trade networks among North American tribes

B: responded to a lack of resources by developing mobile lifestyles

Who created this political cartoon and for what purpose?

Ben Franklin created it. Its purpose was to unite all the colonies to fight against England so they could gain their independence.

Guaranteed/alienable rights

Bill of Rights

Which of the following pieces of evidence best supports the excerpt's depiction of reactions to slave rebellions? A: Southern states banned the importation of slaves from Africa B: Northerners agreed that slavery was a positive institution for society. C: Additional restrictions were placed on enslaved and free African Americans D: The majority of slaveholders moved toward using alternative forms of labor

C: Additional restrictions were placed on enslaved and free African Americans

Prior to the Civil War, a transformation occurred in the workforce of the New England textile mills as New England farm girls were replaced by A: French-Canadian immigrants B: freed African Americans from the South C: Irish Immigrants D: German Immigrants

C: Irish Immigrants

Why did powerful leaders in northern Native American groups redistribute their disproportionate share of the wealth? A: They did not have any use for the additional wealth B: It was mandated by their tribal group C: It proved their generosity and strengthened their authority D: Most Native Americans objected to social inequality

C: It proved their generosity and strengthened their authority

Which deadly epidemic most devastated Mexican natives and was the subject of numerous 15th and 16th century primary accounts of disease? A: Measles B: Influenza C: Smallpox D: Syphilis

C: Smallpox

How did the Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro conquer the Incans by 1535? A: He had a large force of 1,000 men and 500 horses that overwhelmed the Incans B: The Spanish forced Atahualpa, the last Incan emperor, to surrender to the Spanish C: The Incans were already weakened militarily and divided because of rival claimants to the throne D: The Incans were frightened by the Spaniards and did not resist his forces

C: The Incans were already weakened militarily and divided because of rival claimants to the throne

Paine's argument best provides evidence for which of the following developments resulting from the American Revolution? A: The rapid creation of an industrialized economy in the United States B: The increase in immigration from continental Europe and reduction in immigration from Great Britain C: The emergence of a unique American national identity separate from that of Europe D: The fear among the Spanish and French that revolutionary ideas would be spread, which prompted them to abandon their colonies

C: The emergence of a unique American national identity separate from that of Europe

Which of the following contributed most to the changes shown in the graph? A: Loss of territory and access to natural resources B: The introduction of new plants and animals C: The introduction of new diseases D: Warfare with Europeans

C: The introduction of new diseases

The most devastating impact of the Spanish conquest and exploration was A: American Indian resistance and conflict B: The subjugation of American Indians C: The forced conversion of natives to Christianity C: The spread of deadly epidemics

C: The spread of deadly epidemics

The second paragraph of the excerpt makes which of the following claims about the introduction to Europe of new crops from the Americas? A: They remained relatively unpopular B: They required little labor to produce C: They stimulated economies across Europe D: They replaced traditional agricultural products

C: They stimulated economies across Europe

All of the following groups would have been likely to agree with the image's depiction of Andrew Jackson EXCEPT: A: South Carolinians who opposed federal tariffs B: American Indians such as Cherokees C: Western farmers who opposed to national bank D: Advocates of federally funded internal improvements projects

C: Western farmers who opposed to national bank

Jacksonian Democracy was distinguished by the belief that A: an aristocracy posed no danger to the Republic B: the National Republicans alone knew what was right for the people C: political participation by the common man should be increased D: political rights should be granted to women

C: political participation by the common man should be increased

When Thomas Jefferson said in 1801, "We are all republicans- we are all federalists," he meant that A: Americans would never ally themselves with monarchical governments B: Federalists would be appointed to his cabinet C: The two parties' platforms were identical D: The principles of American government were above party politics

D: The principles of American government were above party politics

Which of the following claims best aligns with the evidence in the excerpt about the relationship between enslaved African Americans and White Southers citizens? A: A majority of White citizens held slaves; therefore, they felt obligated to ensure the preservation of slvaery. B: The attitudes of White citizens regarding the motives of slave rebellions differed by region within the South C: A majority of poor White citizens benefited economically from having enslaved African Americans do the manual labor that White citizens did not want to do. D: The slave system gave poor White citizens the feeling of social superiority over free and enslaved African Americans in a culture where African Americans held little power

D: The slave system gave poor White citizens the feeling of social superiority over free and enslaved African Americans in a culture where African Americans held little power

The ideas expressed in the excerpt best reflect which of the following historical processes? A: The desire to fund transportation improvements to settle the interior of North America B: The persistence of aspects of African culture among enslaved people C: The creation of alliances between Europeans and Native Americans D: The transmission of Enlightenment ideals across the Atlantic

D: The transmission of Enlightenment ideals across the Atlantic

Which of the following evidence was used by the American Temperance Society in the excerpt to explain why people would join the temperance movement? A: abstention from alcohol would extend American life expectancy B: The development of treatments for alcoholism would change the habits of men C: The formation of a national movement would eliminate the consumption of alcohol D: The use of specific studies would convince people to believe the movements goal.

D: The use of specific studies would convince people to believe the movements goal.

A System employed by the Spanish advanced the goals of both converting American Indians to Christianity and exploiting their labor Encomiendas

Encomiendas

True or False: The Albany Plan of Union was a success for the colonists.

False

85 essays which argued for the passage of the U.S. Constitution

Federalist Papers

Americans who believed in a centralized national government and fiscal policies

Federalists

People of an elite social class

Gentry

British monarch who sent Redcoats to the American colonies

George III

Warned of the potential issues from creating political parties and participating in foreign alliances

George Washington

Who were the "fathers" of the Great Awakening?

George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards

English monarchy loses power when William and Mary are forced to sign the Declaration of Rights

Glorious Revolution

What did Jackson do to the Second Bank of the U.S and how did he do it?

He used a bill to block the money from going to the bank and set it to go into pet banks. He didn't want the second bank since he wanted everything as he designed and wanted power over it. He ended it by vetoing its charter.

Grant of 50 acres if passage of an immigrant is paid for

Headright System

Explain how the seven years war marked a turning point in American relations with Great Britain.

It caused Britain to end Salutary Neglect and to be more involved with the colonies. This resulted in stricter and more enforced laws as well as taxes being placed on the colonists. This angered the colonists which eventually led to the Revolutionary War.

American and British agreement which allowed the British to seize American ships

Jay's Treaty

Governor of the massachusetts Bay colony, claimed that Puritans should establish a "City upon a Hill"

John Winthop

A commercial agreement that allows investors with common interests to pool their resources

Joint-Stock Company

Created federal, district, and circuit courts in each state

Judiciary Act of 1789

What was significant of the Election of 1824? (Who was involved/what was the outcome?)

Labeled the corrupt bargain, Andrew Jackson won the popular vote and John Quincy Adams won the electoral vote so Adams won the presidency.

Settles Catholics in Maryland

Lord Baltimore

The "X" on the map refers to what location?

Louisiana Purchase

In what colony could Catholics find refuge and religious tolerance?

Maryland

What gave the authority of state governments to decide whether or not an act of Congress was constitutional?

McCulloch v. Maryland

The policies stated in the above law can best be seen as an example of what type of economy?

Mercantilism economy

Chief of Wampanoags and led natives in the destruction of ⅕ of the English towns in Massachusetts and Rhode Island during King Philip's War

Metacom

Naval Route the slaves were forced to travel their way to European colonies

Middle Passage

He has largely been remembered for his ambivalent stance on slavery and his failure to prevent growing sectional conflict from erupting into a full-blown civil war

Millard Fillmore

Men who organized a colonial militia, and would be prepared to fight at a minute's notice

Minutemen

Founder of Providence, Rhode Island and promoted religious tolerance and argued over the separation of church and state

Roger Williams

He oversaw the end of Reconstruction, began the efforts that led to civil service reform, and attempted to reconcile the divisions left over from the Civil War

Rutherford B. Hayes