Period 4 Quiz

the body that chose george washington commander of the continental army

2nd congress

This former vice president, was tried for attempting to establish a separate empire in the southwest

Aaron Burr

Besides George Washington, the most influential figures in the constitutional convention included

Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton

The Franco-American alliance of 1778

Bound the United States to help the French defend their West Indies

The new Constitution did not provide for the creation of a

Cabinet

Jeffersonians believed in all of the following except

Central authority should be kept to a minimum

One of the major criticisms of the Constitution as drafted in Philadelphia was that it

Did not provide guarantees for individual rights

All of the following are guarantees provided by the Bill of Rights

Freedom of Press, Speech, Religion, assembly and petition

Hamilton believed that, together, his funding and assumption programs would

Gain monetary and political support of the rich for the federal government

The Bill of Rights was intended to protect____ against the potential tyranny of_______

Individual liberties, a strong central government

The Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 arose in southwestern Pennsylvania when the federal government

Levied an excise tax on whiskey

The crucial federalists successes in the fight for ratification occurred in the states of

Massachusetts, Virginia, and New York

Because of opposition to the War of 1812, a movement toward secession was made by

New England Federalists

According to the compact theory advocated by Jefferson and Madison

Nullification was an invalid policy

All of the following were part of Alexander Hamilton's economic program except

Paying only domestic debts but not foreign debts

President Adams sought a peaceful solution to the undeclared war with France in order to

Prevent the outbreak of a full-scale war

In Jay's Treaty, the British

Promised to evacuate the chain of forts in the Old Northwest

The main purpose of the Alien and Sedition Acts was to

Punish and silence federalist opposition

Regarding central authority, early Americans saw it was all of the following except

Something to be ultimately eliminated

Hamiltonian Federalist advocated

Strong central government

The Virginia and Kentucky resolutions were written in response to

The Alien and Sedition Acts

The United States acquired free navigation of the Mississippi River in

The Pinckney Treaty

According to the Federalists, the duty of judging the unconstitutionality of legislation passed by Congress lay with

The Supreme Court

The immediate cause of the undeclared war between the United States and France was

The XYZ affair

Federalist advocated rule by

The best people

Articles of Confederation

The first constitutional government of the united states

Opposition by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison to the financial plan of Alexander Hamilton resulted in

The formation of permanent political parties

Alexander Hamilton's financial program for the economic development of the United States favored

The wealthy

Washington's Farewell Address in 1796

Warned against the dangers of permanent foreign alliances

Washington's Neutrality Proclamation of 1793

Was based on calculations of American self-interest

Alexander Hamilton believed that a limited national debt

Was beneficial, because people would work hard to make the nation a success

Shays Revolution

a failed revolt in 1786 by poor debtor farmers that raised fears of mobocracy

In the new state constitutions written after the Revolution, the most powerful branch of government was

a legislative branch

Bill of rights

a list of guarantees that federalists promised to add to the constitution in order to win ratification

the federalist

a masterly series of pro-constitution articles printed in new york by Jay, Madison, and Hamiltion

The Republican vision of America as proposed by Thomas Jefferson included the ideal of

a society of sturdy, independent farmers

Constitutional convention

a type of special assembly, originally developed in Massachusetts , for drawing up a fundamental law that would be superior to ordinary law

The term "midnight judges" refers to a. Federalist judges appointed by President John Adams at the last moments of his administration b. federal judges who held late- night court sessions to hear controversial cases c. judges like William Marbury who sued to have their late- night appointment of confessions confirmed d. states' rights judges appointed by President Jefferson moments after his inauguration

a. Federalist judges appointed by President John Adams at the last moments of his administration

The greatest political beneficiary of the Louisiana purchase was a. Thomas Jefferson b. Aaron Burr c. the Federalist Party d. Napoleon

a. Thomas Jefferson

Besides creating a pan-Indian militart alliance against white expansion, Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa (the prophet) urged American Indians to a. resist white ways and revive their traditional culture b. demonstrate their legal ownership of the lands that whites were entering c. adopt the whites' culture and technology as a way of resisting their further expansion d. declare independence and form an alliance with Spain

a. resist white ways and revive their traditional culture

The Alien and Sedition Acts were aimed primarily at a. the Jeffersonians and their allegedly pro-French activities and ideas b. the opponents of President Adams's peace settlement with France c. Napolean's French agents who were infiltrating the country d. the Hamiltonian Federalists and their Pro- British activities and ideas.

a. the Jeffersonians and their allegedly pro-French activities and ideas

The case of Marbury v. Madison established the principle that a. the Supreme Court has the right to determine the constitutionality of legislation b. federal laws take precedence over state leg. c. president has the right to appoint federal judiciary. d. Supreme Court is the final court of appeal in the federal judiciary

a. the Supreme Court has the right to determine the constitutionality of legislation

One immediate innovation not mentioned in the Constitution that was developed by George Washington's administration was a. the cabinet. b. the military joint chiefs of staff. c. the Supreme Court d. the vice presidency.

a. the cabinet.

The first American political parties developed out of a. the disagreement of Jefferson and his states' rights followers with Hamilton's economic policies b. the belief of the Founding Fathers that organized political opposition was a necessary part of good government c. the continuing hostility of the antifederalists to the legitimacy to the new federal Constitution d. patriotic opposition to foreign intervention in American domestic affairs

a. the disagreement of Jefferson and his states' rights followers with Hamilton's economic policies

Regarding the French Revolution, most Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans believed that a. the violence was regrettable but necessary b. the overthrow of the King was necessary but the Reign of Terror went much too far c. the Revolution should be supported by American military aid d. the Revolution represented a complete distortion of American ideals of liberty

a. the violence was regrettable but necessary

The essential disagreement between Hamilton and Jefferson over the proposed Bank of the United States was a. whether the Constitution granted the federal government the power to establish a bank b. whether it would be economically wise to create a single national currency. c. whether the bank should be under the control of the federal government of the states d. whether such a Bank violated the Bill of Rights

a. whether the Constitution granted the federal government the power to establish a bank

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 provided that

after sufficient population growth, western territories could be organized and then join the union as states

The Americans finally went to war with Britain because they were angry over

all of the answers below

Society of Cincinnati

an exclusive order of military officers that aroused strong democratic opposition

tom paine's common sense was crucial in convincing many americans that what they should fight for was

an independent and republican america separate from britain

the bold american military campaign that narrowly failed in december 1775 was

an invasion of canada by generals arnold and montgomery

the church body most closely linked with tory sentiment except in virginia

anglican

term for the alliance of catherine the great of russia and other european powers who did not declare war but assumed a hostile neutrality toward britain

armed neutrality

The United States became involved in undeclared hostilities with France in 1797 because of a. fierce American oppositions to the concessions of Jay's Treaty b. American anger at attempted French bribery in the XYZ Affair c. French interference with American shipping and freedom of the seas d. President Adams's sympathy with Britain and hostility to Revolutionary France

b. American anger at attempted French bribery in the XYZ Affair

A key addition to the new federal government that had been demanded by many of the ratifying states was a. a cabinet to aid the president b. a written bill of rights to guarantee liberty. c. a supreme court. d. federal assumption of state debts.

b. a written bill of rights to guarantee liberty.

Jefferson focused his military construction policy primarily on a. building large naval frigates like the Constitution b. building several hundred small gunboats c. building up coastal forts and defense works d. constructing light and medium artillery capable of use on land or sea.

b. building several hundred small gunboats

Hamilton's first financial policies were intended to a. to finance the new government through the sale of western lands b. fund the national debt and to have the federal government assume the debts owed by the states c. to repudiate the debts accumulated by the government of the Articles of Confederation d. to create a sound federal currency backed by gold.

b. fund the national debt and to have the federal government assume the debts owed by the states

The Whiskey Rebellion was most significant because a. it showed that Americans would rise up against unfair taxation b. it showed that the new federal government would use force if necessary to uphold its authority c. it demonstrated the efficiency of the American military d. it showed the strength of continuing antifederalist hostility to the new constitutional government

b. it showed that the new federal government would use force if necessary to uphold its authority

Washington's foreign policy rested on the belief that a. there should be an end to European colonialism in the Americas b. it was in America's interest to stay neutral in all European wars. c. America needed to adhere to its Revolutionary alliance with France d. America ought to enter the French- British war only if republican ideals were at stake

b. it was in America's interest to stay neutral in all European wars

Which of the following sets of rights are not included in the Bill of Rights? a. freedom of speech, religion, and the press b. rights to freedom of education and freedom of travel c. rights to bear arms and to be tried by a jury d. rights to assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances

b. rights to freedom of education and freedom of travel

A crucial foreign policy goal for many "war hawks" in the War of 1812 was a. the end of all Spanish colonization in the Americas b. the capture and annexation of Canada c. the conquest and settlement of Texas. d. the destruction of the British Navy

b. the capture and annexation of Canada

One federalist policy that Jefferson quickly overturned was a. funding and assumption b. the excise tax c. Bank of the U.S. d. protective tariff

b. the excise tax

Jefferson was forced to reverse his strong opposition to substantial military forces because of a. growing French intervention in Santo Domingo and Louisiana b. the plunder and blackmailing of American shipping by North African states c. the threat to America posed by the British- French wars d. the political attacks by his federalist opponents

b. the plunder and blackmailing of American shipping by North African states

Which of the following was not among the consequences of the Louisiana purchase?: a. the geographical and scientific discoveries of the Lewis and Clark expedition b. the weakening of the power of the presidency in foreign affairs c. Former Vice President Aaron Burr's attempt to break off the West form the US d. a strengthening of national unityand the decline of the Federalist party

b. the weakening of the power of the presidency in foreign affairs

brilliant american general who invaded canada foiled burgoyne's invasion and in 1780 betrayed his country

benedict arnold

shrewd american diplomat who established the french alliance and worked with jay and adams to win a generous peace treaty

benjamin franklin

The American revolution

brought about somewhat greater social and economic equality and the virtual end of slavery in the north

military engagement that led king george and earned the contempt of patriots

bunker hill

Most Indian military resistance east of the Mississippi River was effectively crushed in the two battles of a. the Thames and Lake Eerie b. Fort McHenry and New Orleans c. Tippecanoe and Horseshoe Bend d. Plattsburg and Bladensburg

c. Tippecanoe and Horseshoe Bend

The Ninth and Tenth Amendments partly reversed the federalist momentum of the Constitution by declaring that a. the federal government had no power to restrict the action of local governments b. the powers of the presidency did not extend to foreign policy c. all rights not mentioned in the federal Constitution were retained by the states or by the people themselves d.the Supreme Court had no power to rule in cases affecting property rights

c. all rights not mentioned in the federal Constitution were retained by the states or by the people themselves

The Republicans' failure to impeach Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chase established the principle that a. the Supreme Court had the power to declare laws unconstitutional b. presidents could appoint but not remove federal justices c. impeachment should be used only for "high crimes and misdemeanors" and not as a political weapon d. the constitutional power of impeachment was in effect impossible to carry out

c. impeachment should be used only for "high crimes and misdemeanors" and not as a political weapon

Although greatly weakened after Jefferson's election, the Federalist party's philosophy continued to have great influence through a. the propaganda efforts of Federal agitators. b. the Federalist control of the US Senate c. the Federalist judicial rulings of John Marshall d. Federalist sympathies within the US army and Navy

c. the Federalist judicial rulings of John Marshall

The most "revolutionary" development in the critical election of 1800 was a. nasty campaign smears against Jefferson b. Jefferson's radical proposals for overturning the existing political system c. the peaceful transition of power from one political party to its opponent d. electoral stalemate between Jefferson and Burr.

c. the peaceful transition of power from one political party to its opponent

Jefferson's Kentucky resolutions argued that a. the Alien and Sedition Acts were necessary and constitutional b. states ought to secede from the federal government if their rights were violated c. the states had the right to nullify unconstitutional federal laws d. the Supreme Court had the right to declare legislation unconstitutional

c. the states had the right to nullify unconstitutional federal laws

Jefferson's greatest concern in purchasing Louisiana was a. whether it was in America's interest to acquire the territory b. whether the cost was excessive for his small- government philosophy c. whether the purchase was permissible under the constitution d. how to defend and govern the territory once it was part of the U.S.

c. whether the purchase was permissible under the constitution

the region that was some of the revolution's most bitter fighting from1780 to 1782 between american general greene and british general cornwallis

carolinas

the inflammatory pamphlet that demanded independence and heaped scorn on "the Royal Brute of Great Britain"

common sense

the loyalists were particularly string among

conservative and well-off americans

One way that American independence actually harmed the nations economic fortunes was by

cutting off American trade with the British empire

Jefferson's embargo act provided that a. America would not trade with Britain until i tended impressment b. American goods could only be carried in American ships only c. America would sell no military supplies to either warring nation, Britain or France. d. America would prohibit all foreign trade

d. America would prohibit all foreign trade

The Bill of Rights is the name given to provisions whose actual form is a. an executive proclamation of president George Washington b. Article II, Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution c. a set of rulings issued by the Supreme Court d. the first ten amendments to the federal Constitution

d. the first ten amendments to the federal Constitution

The Federalists essentially believed that a. most governmental power should be retained by the states b.government should provide no special aid to private enterprise c. the common people could, if educated, participate in government affairs d. there should be a strong central government controlled by the wealthy and well educated

d. there should be a strong central government controlled by the wealthy and well educated

the document that provided a lengthy explanation and justification of richard henry lee's resolution approved by congress on july 2, 1776

declaration of independence

The primary political obstacle to the formation of the first American government under the Articles of Confederation was

disputes among the jealous states over control of western lands

Articles of confederation

document of 1781 that was put out of buisness by the constitution

cause: the battle of bunker hill

effect: caused king george to proclaim the colonies in revolt and import hessian troops to crush them

cause: the trapping of cornwallis between washington's army and de Grasse's navy

effect: caused the british defeat at yorktown and the collapse of north's tory government

cause: the collapse of the north ministry and the whig takeover of the british government

effect: caused the british to begin peace negotiations in paris

cause: thomas paine's common sense

effect: created growing colonial support for declaring independence from britain

cause: jefferson's declaration of independence

effect: inspired universal awareness of the american revolution as a fight for the belief that "all men are created equal"

cause: jay's secret and separate negotiation with britain

effect: led to a favorable peace treaty for the united states and the end of french schemes for a smaller, weaker america

cause: clark's military conquests and jay's diplomacy

effect: led to american acquisition of the west up to the mississippi river

cause: the blundering of burgoyne and howe and the superb military strategy of arnold and washington

effect: led to the failure of britain's grand strategy and the crucial american victory at saratoga

cause: the battle of saratoga

effect: made france willing to ally itself openly with the united states

cause: the patriot militia's political education and recruitment

effect: won neutral or apathetic americans over to the patriot cause

The War Hawks demanded war with Britain because they wanted to do all of the following EXCEPT

encourage the growth of manufacturing in New England

James Madison

father of the constitution and author of Federalist No. 10

The Federalist and fears that New York would be left out of the union

finally brought New York to ratify the Constitution by a narrow margin

Massachusetts

first of key states where federalists won by a narrow margin over the opposition of antideferalist Sam Adams

President Jefferson's embargo was intended to

force Britain and France into leaving American ships alone

The north-south conflicy in the constitutional convention over counting slaves for representation

forced acceotance of the three fiths compromise counting each slave as 3/5ths of a person for purpose of representation

The conflict in the constitution convention between large and small states

forced the adoption of the great compromise which required a bicameral legislature with two different bases of representation

John Jay

frustrated foreign affairs secretary under the articles; one of the three authors of The Federalist

besides george washington the most militarily effective american officer in the early campaigns of 1776 and 1777 was

general benedict arnold

british general who chose to relax in new york and philadelphia rather than march up the hudson to battle

general howe

leader whose small force conquered british forts in the west

george rogers clark

a wealthy virginian of great character and leadership abilities who served his country without pay

george washington

Antifederalists

group that failed to block the central government they feared but did not force the promise of a bill of rights

many of the german hessian soldiers hired by king george III to fight for the british

had little loyalty to the british cause and ended up deserting

Jefferson was conscience-stricken about the purchase of Louisiana from France because

he believed the purchase was unconstitutional

the other european nation besides france and spain that supported the american revolution by declaring was on britain

holland

the river valley that was the focus of britain's early military strategy and the scene of burgoyne's surrender at saratoga in 1777

hudson

the british especially relied on numerous loyalists to aid them in fighting the patriots

in the carolinas

A meeting in Annapolis to discuss revising the Articles of Confederation

issued a call to congress for a special convention to revise the Articles

the battle of saratoga was a key turning point of the war for independence because

it brought about crucial french assistance to the revolutionary cause

The greatest weakness of the government under the Articles of Confederation was that

it had no power to regulate commerce or collect taxes from the sovereign states

american naval commander who successfully harassed british shipping

john paul jones

mohawk chief who led many iroquois to fight with britain against american revolutionaries

joseph brant

The disestablishment of the Anglican church

laid the basis for the virginia statute for religious freedom

Virginia statue for religious freedom

legislation passed by an alliance of jefferson and the baptists that disestablished the anglican church

Northwest ordinance of 1787

legislation that provided for the orderly transformation of the western territories into states

americans who fought for king george and earned the contempt of patriots

loyalists

another name for the american tories

loyalists

Antifederalist fears that the Constitution would destroy liberties

made federalists promise to add a bill of rights to the Constitution

Agreement among states to give up western land claims

made possible the approval of the articles of confederation and the passage of two important laws governing western lands

the irregular american troops who played a crucial role in swaying the neutral civilian population toward the patriot cause

militia men

the western boundary of the united states established in the treaty of paris

mississippi

The beginning of the American Industrial Revolution during the early 1800s resulted from all of the following developments EXCEPT

monetary assistance from the federal government to new factories

The weakness of the articles of confederation

nearly bankrupted the national government and invited assaults on American interests by foreign powers

Protestant Episcopal

new name for the Anglican church after it was disestablished and de-anglicized in Virginia and elsewhere

Dey of algiers

north african leader who took advantage of the weakness of the articles of confederation to attack american shipping

george washington proved to be an especially effective commander of american forces in the revolution because

of his integrity courage and mortal forcefulness

Despite the Revolutions emphasis on human rights and equality, the founding fathers failed to abolish slavery because

of their political fear that a fight over slavery would destroy fragile national unity

In the early 1800s, women were

often educated to be better wives and mothers

Sections

one-square mile areas, thirty six of which composed a township, with one area set aside for the support of schools

"legalized pirates," more than a thousand strong who inflicted heavy damage on british shipping

privateers

Because Jefferson held an enlightened citizenry as an ideal, he believed in the creation of a nationwide system of

public schools

the british colony that american invaded in hopes of adding it to the rebellious thirteen

quebec

Shays Rebellion contributed to the movement for a new constitution by

raising the fear of anarchy and disorder among wealthy conservatives

The Federalist-dominated Congress's Alien Act was aimed at ____, whereas the Sedition Act was primarily aimed at _____

recent immigrants, newspapers

Jefferson sought to make his victory in the election of 1800 a "revolution" by

reducing drastically the size and power of the national government

Thomas Jefferson attempted to decrease the public debt by

reducing government spending

(AP EXAM Q) The Jefferson Administration advocated which of the following changes as a means of restoring republican ideals?

reducing the scope of activities of the federal government

fiery viginian and author of the official resolution of july 2. 1776 formally authorizing the colonies' independence

richard henry lee

the decisive early battle of the american revolution that led to the alliance with france

saratoga

Shays rebellion

scared conservatives and made them determined to strengthen the central government agaaisnt debtors

The Industrial Revolution in England began in the

textile industry

The legal precedent for judicial review was established when

the Supreme Court declared the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional

3/5ths compromise

the compromise between north and south that resulted in each slave being counted as 60 percent of a free person for purposes of representation

the british yielded the americans a generous peace treaty that included the western territories primarily because of

the desire of the weak new whig ministry in london for future friendly relations with the united states

the british defeat at yorktown was brought about by george washington's army and

the french navy under admiral de grasse

From 1800 to 1820, major changes in the United States transportation system included all the following EXCEPT

the growth of a large railroad network

A major new political innovation that emerged in the Revolutionary era was

the idea of a written constitutuion drafted by a convention and ratified by direct vote of the people

Republican Motherhood

the idea that American women had a special responsibility to cultivate civic virtue in their children

Among the important changes brought about by the American Revolution was

the increasing separation of church and state

During the early 1800s, the Republicans gained control of all aspects of the government except

the judicial branch

President

the offical under the new constitution who would be commander in cheif of the armed forces, appoint judges and other officals, and have the power to veto legislation

New York

the only state to allow a direct vote on the Constitution

anti-federalists

the opponents of the constitution who argued against creating such a strong central government

Large State plan

the plan proposed by Virginia (Randolph) at the constitutional convention for a bicameral legislature with representation based on population

Small state plan

the plan proposed by new jeresy (william patterson) for a unicameral legislature with equal representation of states regardless of size aand population

Antifederalists generally found their greatest support among

the poorer debtors and farmers

President Jefferson initially tried to purchase the city of New Orleans because

the port of New Orleans had been closed to western farmers

the primary reason that americans were willing to enter a military and diplomatic alliance wiht france in 1778 was

the practical self-interest of needing assistance to defeat the british

When Thomas Jefferson said in 1801, "We are all republicans - we are all federalists," he meant that

the principles of American government were above party politics

Attempts to establish strong governments in post-Revolutionary America were seriously hindered by

the revolutionary ideology that preached natural rights and suspicion of all governmental authority

Temporary

the status of a western area under the Northwest Ordinance after it established an organized government but before it became a state

Old Northwest

the territory north of the ohio and east of the mississippi governed by the acts of 1785 and 1797

thomas paine's appeal for a new republican form of government attracted many americans because

their own experience with local and colonial democratic governance had prepared them for the idea

The "Great Compromise" in the constitutional convention provided that

there would be representation by population in the house of representaives but equal representation of all states in the senate

most of the Six Nations of the Iroquois under joseph brant fought against the american revolutionaries because

they believed that a victorious britain would contain westward american expansion

author of an explanatory indictment signed on july 1776 that accused george III of establishing a military dictatorship

thomas jefferson

a radical british immigrant who put an end to american toasts to king george

thomas paine

in the peace negotiations at paris the french wanted the americans

to acquire only the territory east of the appalachian mountains

during the period of fighting between april 1775 and july 1776, the colonists claimed that their goal was

to restore their rights within the british empire

George Washington

unanimously elected chairman of the secret convention of demi-gods

Patrick Henry

virginia antigederalist leader who thought the constitution spelled the end of liberty and equality

Daniel Shays

war veteran who led poor farmers in a revolt that failed but had far reaching consequences

The popular early American leisure activity of horse racing

was mostly reserved for fairly affluent gentlemen

Federalists

wealthy conservatives devoted to republicanism who engineered a nonviolent political transformation

Most of the Louisiana Territory was

west of New Orleans

british political party that replaced lord north's tories in 1782 and made generous treaty with the united states

whig ministry

the term by which the american patriots were commonly known to distinguish them from the american "tories"

whigs

The ideal of "republican motherhood" that emerged from the American Revolution held that

women had a special responsibility to cultivate the civic virtues of republicanism in their children

In 1784, Judith Sargent Murray published an essay that promoted the idea that

women should have the same opportunity for education as men

the british defeat that led to the fall of north's government and the end of the war

yorktown

Alexander Hamilton

young new yorker who argued eloquently for the constitution even though he favored an even stronger central government