PG Final Exam Clicker Questions

A layer of wind-blown clay and silt derived from deserts is?

loess

Grassland soils with much dark organic material are

mollisols (pop. in central plains, U.S.: OK, TX, etc)

Water content in the slope material in highest during which of the following types of mass movements?

mudflow (wettest condition, soil that behaves like water, moves at a fast rate)

The area of sediment deposit by glaciofluvial action beyond the glacial terminus is known as

outwash plain

Exfoliation occurs because

overlaying rock is removed, thereby allowing the underlying rock mass to expand and fracture

Exfoliation and frost wedging are examples of ______ weathering.

physical

Uplift of the landscape creates ________ energy which is converted to ________ energy when materials begin to move downslope.

potential; kinetic

Streams flowing off a volcanic mountain typically display which type of drainage pattern?

radial

Ultisols are

redder than alfisols

In most areas, the upper surface of bedrock is partially weathered to broken-up rock called

regolith

A slow, persistent mass movement of surface soil is called

soil creep (slowest mass movement)

The general name for any distinct layer a pedon is

soil horizon

Permafrost forms when

soil temperatures remain below freezing for more than two years

What season is used to determine the snowline in a mt range?

summer

Unfrozen ground in a region of discontinuous permafrost is known as

talik

Which of the following is correct regarding loess deposits?

they are formed of fine-grained clays and silts

When two valley glaciers join together, they form a ________ at the point at which they merge.

they merge medical moraine

The active layer is usually ____ toward the pole and ___ at lower latitudes

thinner, thicker

Unsorted and unstratified glacial deposits (not landforms) are called

till

Periglacial environments are likely to occur in which the following climate types?

tundra

The R horizon refers to

unweathered sediment or consolidated bedrock

Alpine glacier include all of the following except

an ice cap

The level below which a stream cannot erode its valley is...

base level

Particles that are dragged, pushed or rolled along the bottom of a stream comprimse the stream's

bedload

Karst topography is formed primarily by

carbonation and solution

Which of the following is not factored when considering discharge

channel length

The removal and lifting of individual loose particles by the wind is termed?

deflation

Which two process create desert pavements?

deflation and rainwash

A drainage pattern that displays a branching pattern similar to the shape of a tree is a(n)

dendritic drainage pattern

Delicate Arch in Utah is an example of

differential weathering

One of the following is not a transportation process by wind?

dissolution

A drainage basin is defined by

drainage divides

A wind-sculpted accumulation of sand is

dune

The term eolian refers to

erosion, transportation, and deposition by the wind

A long, narrow, sinuous ridge of stratified sand and gravel located in a till plain is known as a(n)

eskter

Because the upper regions of a glacier flow _____ than the base of the glacier, the upper part of the glacier tends to be _____.

faster; stretched

Processes that are related expressly to streams and rivers are termed

fluival

On which part of a slope would resistance rock become evident?

free face

The science that specifically studies the origin, evolution, form, and spatial distribution of landforms is

gemorphology

A graph of stream discharge over time for a specific location is a?

hydrograph

salnization is likely to occur

in areas of high potential evapotranspiration and low actual evapotranspiration (deserts)

Which of the following is true of spherodial weathering?

it attacks the corners and edges of rocks

Which of the following is correct regarding the snowline?

it decreases in elevation with increasing latitude

Organic soils that form in wet locations are

Histosols

Why, specially, is glacial ice analogous to a metamorphic rock?

It forms as a result of recrystallization caused by pressure

Wind control dunes shapes true or false?

Longitudinal dunes are formed by a dominant pattern of wind flow

A soil horizon at the top of a pedon that contains at least 20% organic matter is the

O Horizon

Unlike a stream-cut valley that assumes a characteristic ________-shape, a glacially-carved valley evidences a characteristic ________-shape.

V ; U

After a threshold is crossed, the landscape

adjusts to a new equilibrium condition

Oxisols are found

where ITCZ dominates (tropical areas bc of tropical soil)

The process of illuviation typically dominates which soil horizon?

B horizon

The removal of minerals by water erosion typically dominate which soil horizon?

B horizon

Which of the following has been cited as a positive feedback loop involving the thawing of permafrost?

Thawing of permafrost will release vast amounts of carbon to the atmosphere, accelerating warming

The dynamic equilibrium model refers to...

a balancing act between tectonic uplift and rates of denudation by weathering and erosion in a given landscape

Glacier polish results from

abrasion