PG Final Exam Clicker Questions
A layer of wind-blown clay and silt derived from deserts is?
loess
Grassland soils with much dark organic material are
mollisols (pop. in central plains, U.S.: OK, TX, etc)
Water content in the slope material in highest during which of the following types of mass movements?
mudflow (wettest condition, soil that behaves like water, moves at a fast rate)
The area of sediment deposit by glaciofluvial action beyond the glacial terminus is known as
outwash plain
Exfoliation occurs because
overlaying rock is removed, thereby allowing the underlying rock mass to expand and fracture
Exfoliation and frost wedging are examples of ______ weathering.
physical
Uplift of the landscape creates ________ energy which is converted to ________ energy when materials begin to move downslope.
potential; kinetic
Streams flowing off a volcanic mountain typically display which type of drainage pattern?
radial
Ultisols are
redder than alfisols
In most areas, the upper surface of bedrock is partially weathered to broken-up rock called
regolith
A slow, persistent mass movement of surface soil is called
soil creep (slowest mass movement)
The general name for any distinct layer a pedon is
soil horizon
Permafrost forms when
soil temperatures remain below freezing for more than two years
What season is used to determine the snowline in a mt range?
summer
Unfrozen ground in a region of discontinuous permafrost is known as
talik
Which of the following is correct regarding loess deposits?
they are formed of fine-grained clays and silts
When two valley glaciers join together, they form a ________ at the point at which they merge.
they merge medical moraine
The active layer is usually ____ toward the pole and ___ at lower latitudes
thinner, thicker
Unsorted and unstratified glacial deposits (not landforms) are called
till
Periglacial environments are likely to occur in which the following climate types?
tundra
The R horizon refers to
unweathered sediment or consolidated bedrock
Alpine glacier include all of the following except
an ice cap
The level below which a stream cannot erode its valley is...
base level
Particles that are dragged, pushed or rolled along the bottom of a stream comprimse the stream's
bedload
Karst topography is formed primarily by
carbonation and solution
Which of the following is not factored when considering discharge
channel length
The removal and lifting of individual loose particles by the wind is termed?
deflation
Which two process create desert pavements?
deflation and rainwash
A drainage pattern that displays a branching pattern similar to the shape of a tree is a(n)
dendritic drainage pattern
Delicate Arch in Utah is an example of
differential weathering
One of the following is not a transportation process by wind?
dissolution
A drainage basin is defined by
drainage divides
A wind-sculpted accumulation of sand is
dune
The term eolian refers to
erosion, transportation, and deposition by the wind
A long, narrow, sinuous ridge of stratified sand and gravel located in a till plain is known as a(n)
eskter
Because the upper regions of a glacier flow _____ than the base of the glacier, the upper part of the glacier tends to be _____.
faster; stretched
Processes that are related expressly to streams and rivers are termed
fluival
On which part of a slope would resistance rock become evident?
free face
The science that specifically studies the origin, evolution, form, and spatial distribution of landforms is
gemorphology
A graph of stream discharge over time for a specific location is a?
hydrograph
salnization is likely to occur
in areas of high potential evapotranspiration and low actual evapotranspiration (deserts)
Which of the following is true of spherodial weathering?
it attacks the corners and edges of rocks
Which of the following is correct regarding the snowline?
it decreases in elevation with increasing latitude
Organic soils that form in wet locations are
Histosols
Why, specially, is glacial ice analogous to a metamorphic rock?
It forms as a result of recrystallization caused by pressure
Wind control dunes shapes true or false?
Longitudinal dunes are formed by a dominant pattern of wind flow
A soil horizon at the top of a pedon that contains at least 20% organic matter is the
O Horizon
Unlike a stream-cut valley that assumes a characteristic ________-shape, a glacially-carved valley evidences a characteristic ________-shape.
V ; U
After a threshold is crossed, the landscape
adjusts to a new equilibrium condition
Oxisols are found
where ITCZ dominates (tropical areas bc of tropical soil)
The process of illuviation typically dominates which soil horizon?
B horizon
The removal of minerals by water erosion typically dominate which soil horizon?
B horizon
Which of the following has been cited as a positive feedback loop involving the thawing of permafrost?
Thawing of permafrost will release vast amounts of carbon to the atmosphere, accelerating warming
The dynamic equilibrium model refers to...
a balancing act between tectonic uplift and rates of denudation by weathering and erosion in a given landscape
Glacier polish results from
abrasion