Pharm Final Part 1
The first-line drugs in the treatment of patients with major depression are the:
SSRIs
Which type of schedule drug is NOT approved for medical use in the United States?
Schedule I
Which of the following stages of anesthesia produces excitement?
Stage 2
The trade name of levothyroxine is:
Synthroid
Levothyroxine is commonly prescribed as a synthetic form of:
T4
A child who weighs 88 pounds presents to you in the ED in status epilepticus. The physician has ordered a loading dose of phenytoin 1mg/kg/min via IV (continuous). How many mg will be given in 15 minutes?
The patient weighs 40 kg (1 x 40) x 15 = 600 ANSWER: 600
Which of the following describes the effect of sedative drugs?
They diminish the activity of the CNS
The trade name of allopurinol is:
Zyloprim
Cholinergic neurons release:
acetylcholine
The stomach has a(n) ________ environment.
acidic
Progressive, chronic abuse of a substance that causes a person to use the substance repeatedly, despite serious health and social consequences, is known as:
addiction
Neurons that release norepinephrine, epinephrine, or dopamine are termed:
adrenergic
Clots become more difficult to lyse as they:
age
A drug reaction that is noxious, unintended, and occurs at doses normally used in humans for the prophylaxis, diagnosis, or treatment of disease is known as:
an adverse drug reaction
Allopurinol is known as which of the following agents?
an antigout medication
Pain relief while still conscious is known as:
analgesia
Loss of sensation or consciousness is defined as:
anesthesia
Diethylene glycol, the poison that caused the sulfanilamide disaster of 1937, is used today as:
antifreeze
Neuroleptic drugs that can improve thought disorders are known as:
antipsychotics
Agents that reduce coughing are known as:
antitussives
Drugs that inhibit platelet function should NOT be used with heparin. One of the most commonly used drugs that exhibits this effect is:
aspirin
An inability to coordinate muscle activity is known as:
ataxia
A patient with high serum cholesterol and increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is at risk for:
atherosclerotic coronary disease
The generic name of Lipitor ® is:
atorvastatin
Which of the following drugs is an anticholinergic?
atropine
Statin drugs may increase levels of:
digoxin
The term pathogenic means:
disease-causing
Drugs must ________ before being absorbed.
dissolve
A common adverse effect of antiemetics is:
drowsiness
Any substance intended to be used to improve a physiologic or pathologic condition is known as a:
drug
Any components inside the body to which drugs bind are called:
drug targets
Your patient with hyperlipidemia has been prescribe simvastatin 20mg per day. The patient will be filling the prescription as a 90 supply. You have the following bottle of simvastatin on hand. How many tablets will you put in the bottle to fill the prescription?
each tablet is 10 mg. the dose is 20 mg. each day the patient will take 2 tablets. the prescription is filled for 90 days: 10 x 2 x 90 = 180 ANSWER: 180
While the major adverse effect of heparin therapy is hemorrhage, another adverse effect involves blood pooling in the skin, which is called:
ecchymosis
Injection of local anesthetic into the lumbar or caudal space via a catheter is referred to as:
epidural anesthesia
Medications capable of dissolving or promoting the liquefying of mucus in the lungs are known as mucolytics or:
expectorants
Thalidomide was being sold as a sleeping pill outside the United States when it was discovered that the drug could harm:
fetuses during the first trimester of pregnancy
Alpha cells of the pancreas secrete which of the following hormones?
glucagon
Which of the following should be avoided by patients who are taking the statin drug simvastatin?
grapefruit juice
The most important manifestation of acetaminophen toxicity is:
hepatic damage
Proton pump inhibitors work by stopping the production of hydrogen ions (protons) in the parietal cells, which stops the formation of:
hydrochloric acid
Higher than normal levels of cholesterol in the blood signifies a condition known as:
hypercholesterolemia
Your patient is experiencing nausea, and is complaining of feeling light headed, states that the TV is blurry and that (s)he can't seem to quench their thirst. You suspect that your patient is experiencing an episode of ________.
hyperglycemia
Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of anaphylactic shock?
hypertension
Benzodiazepines may be used as sedatives or:
hypnotics
Pharmacology deals with all the drugs used in society today, including prescription, legal, OTC, and ________ drugs.
illegal
Antibiotics are substances produced by microorganisms that can:
inhibit or kill other microorganisms
The term bacteriostatic means:
inhibiting microbial growth
If the urine, vomitus, or stool exhibit color changes while taking heparin, the patient must notify his or her health-care provider because there may be:
internal bleeding
An abnormal state induced by a chemical agent such as a drug, serum, or toxin is known as:
intoxication
Agents that separate or loosen the horny layer of the epidermis are referred to as:
keratolytics
The term bactericidal means:
killing microbes
Agents that are bronchodilators and leukotriene receptor antagonists are known as:
leukotriene inhibitors
The generic name of Ativan is:
lorazepam
Daily use of marijuana increases the risk of:
lung cancer
Failure to administer a drug in the correct form results in a:
medication error
In the United States, there are:
more than 600 poison control centers
Methadone is often used to treat an addiction to:
morphine
Simple diffusion involves:
movement of molecules from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration
Agents that dilate the pupil of the eye are known as:
mydriatic agents
Diuretics have their principal action in promoting water loss at the level of the:
nephrons
The chemicals that bridge the synaptic clefts are called:
neurotransmitters
Cholinergic blockers are also called anticholinergics or:
parasympatholytics
Cholinergic agonists are also called cholinomimetics or:
parasympathomimetics
The generic name of Acticin and Nix is:
permethrin
The most commonly used and recognizable drug in the hydantoin group is:
phenytoin
Which of the following occurs in a red, nonpoisonous form, and a yellow, highly toxic form?
phosphorus
Which of the following endocrine glands secretes TSH?
pituitary
Antiplatelet agents help prevent the formation of blood clots by keeping platelets from binding together. This is known as:
platelet aggregation
The term toxic may be defined as:
poisonous or harmful
The electrolyte that is most important for maintaining the resting potential of nerve and cardiac muscle cells is:
potassium
Warfarin carries a strong warning against its use during:
pregnancy
atorvastatin increases the risk of myopathy and:
rhabdomyolysis
You should inform patients that ________ may cause tears and urine to become a red-orange color.
rifampin
Abnormal electrical activity in the brain constitutes:
seizures
Aminoglycosides are used for the treatment of:
sepsis
Acute overdoses of alcohol cause all of the following except:
severe hypertension
A prescription cannot be carried out if it is NOT:
signed by the physician
Medications used to treat musculoskeletal conditions include aspirin, gold salts, NSAIDs, and:
skeletal muscle relaxants
The primary site of gastrointestinal (GI) absorption of a drug is the:
small intestine
A "medicine" refers to a drug mixed with other ingredients that may improve its taste, physical form, or:
stability
In which of the following stages of anesthesia is pain abolished?
stage I
The most effective drugs for lowering cholesterol levels are the:
statins
Enteric coatings may be used to keep a drug from dissolving in the:
stomach
CNS stimulants are used for all the following except:
stopping smoking
Antiplatelet agents may prevent arterial thrombosis, myocardial infarction, or:
stroke
Adrenergic medications mimic the effects of the:
sympathetic nervous system
Adverse effects of local anesthetics include all the following except:
temporary loss of hearing
Any drug that causes harm to an embryo is called a(n):
teratogen
Sympathomimetics (or adrenergic agonists) produce symptoms of:
the fight-or-flight response
Drugs that dissolve preformed clots are NOT called anticoagulants but instead are referred to as:
thrombolytic agents
The oral anticoagulant of choice is:
warfarin
Prescription pads must be used only for:
writing prescriptions for medications
Your patient is to receive dilitiazem 180 mg. How many tablets will you administer? (120 mg each tab)
1.5
The physician has prescribed visteral 50 mg po 3x/day. You have visteral oral suspension 25 mg/5 mL on hand. How many mL will you administer, each dose?
10
Your patient receives phenytoin 200 mg three times per day. How many capsules will you administer per dose?
2
Isopropyl alcohol and acetone are both classified as:
CNS depressants
Safety caps are examples of which type of medication packaging?
Child-resistant
Warfarin is popularly marketed as:
Coumadin
Warfarin is an antagonist of vitamin:
K
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies are controlled by which of the following organizations?
NCCAM
An anti-inflammatory agent used specifically for gout and NOT for any other condition is known as:
colchicine
Which of the following is an example of regular insulin?
Humulin R
Anaphylaxis is an example of type ________ allergic drug reactions.
I
Which of the following decongestants is administered nasally?
Afrin
Beta 2-adrenergic agonists are used for which of the following disorders or conditions?
Asthma
Why is heroin considered a Schedule I drug but cocaine is considered a Schedule II drug?
Because cocaine has accepted medical use in the United States but heroin does not
Which of the following carries blood directly to the liver?
Hepatic portal circulation
All drug administration laws are initiated, implemented, and enforced by the:
FDA
The trade name of alendronate sodium is:
Fosamax
HIPAA stands for:
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
Bulk-forming laxatives absorb free water in which of the following sections of the GI tract?
Large intestine
Most anatomic terms come from:
Latin origins
For patients who are allergic to penicillins, which of the following types of drugs are commonly used instead for infections?
Macrolides
The trade name for clopidogrel is:
Plavix
Alendronate and risedronate are used to treat osteoporosis and are drugs known as:
bisphosphonates
The administration of an antiplatelet drug increases the risk of:
bleeding
Antibiotics effective against a wide range of organisms are known as:
broad spectrum
Antacids are alkaline compounds used to neutralize hydrochloric acid that may contain aluminum, magnesium, sodium, potassium, or:
calcium
The most abundant mineral in the human body is:
calcium
The most common superinfection is:
candidiasis
Positively charged ions, such as sodium ions in extracellular fluid, are referred to as:
cations
Control of infectious disease occurrence depends on breaking the:
chain of transmission
Carbon monoxide, which is produced by the exhaust of internal combustion engines, causes the skin and mucous membranes to become:
cherry red