Pharm Final Part 1

The first-line drugs in the treatment of patients with major depression are the:

SSRIs

Which type of schedule drug is NOT approved for medical use in the United States?

Schedule I

Which of the following stages of anesthesia produces excitement?

Stage 2

The trade name of levothyroxine is:

Synthroid

Levothyroxine is commonly prescribed as a synthetic form of:

T4

A child who weighs 88 pounds presents to you in the ED in status epilepticus. The physician has ordered a loading dose of phenytoin 1mg/kg/min via IV (continuous). How many mg will be given in 15 minutes?

The patient weighs 40 kg (1 x 40) x 15 = 600 ANSWER: 600

Which of the following describes the effect of sedative drugs?

They diminish the activity of the CNS

The trade name of allopurinol is:

Zyloprim

Cholinergic neurons release:

acetylcholine

The stomach has a(n) ________ environment.

acidic

Progressive, chronic abuse of a substance that causes a person to use the substance repeatedly, despite serious health and social consequences, is known as:

addiction

Neurons that release norepinephrine, epinephrine, or dopamine are termed:

adrenergic

Clots become more difficult to lyse as they:

age

A drug reaction that is noxious, unintended, and occurs at doses normally used in humans for the prophylaxis, diagnosis, or treatment of disease is known as:

an adverse drug reaction

Allopurinol is known as which of the following agents?

an antigout medication

Pain relief while still conscious is known as:

analgesia

Loss of sensation or consciousness is defined as:

anesthesia

Diethylene glycol, the poison that caused the sulfanilamide disaster of 1937, is used today as:

antifreeze

Neuroleptic drugs that can improve thought disorders are known as:

antipsychotics

Agents that reduce coughing are known as:

antitussives

Drugs that inhibit platelet function should NOT be used with heparin. One of the most commonly used drugs that exhibits this effect is:

aspirin

An inability to coordinate muscle activity is known as:

ataxia

A patient with high serum cholesterol and increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is at risk for:

atherosclerotic coronary disease

The generic name of Lipitor ® is:

atorvastatin

Which of the following drugs is an anticholinergic?

atropine

Statin drugs may increase levels of:

digoxin

The term pathogenic means:

disease-causing

Drugs must ________ before being absorbed.

dissolve

A common adverse effect of antiemetics is:

drowsiness

Any substance intended to be used to improve a physiologic or pathologic condition is known as a:

drug

Any components inside the body to which drugs bind are called:

drug targets

Your patient with hyperlipidemia has been prescribe simvastatin 20mg per day. The patient will be filling the prescription as a 90 supply. You have the following bottle of simvastatin on hand. How many tablets will you put in the bottle to fill the prescription?

each tablet is 10 mg. the dose is 20 mg. each day the patient will take 2 tablets. the prescription is filled for 90 days: 10 x 2 x 90 = 180 ANSWER: 180

While the major adverse effect of heparin therapy is hemorrhage, another adverse effect involves blood pooling in the skin, which is called:

ecchymosis

Injection of local anesthetic into the lumbar or caudal space via a catheter is referred to as:

epidural anesthesia

Medications capable of dissolving or promoting the liquefying of mucus in the lungs are known as mucolytics or:

expectorants

Thalidomide was being sold as a sleeping pill outside the United States when it was discovered that the drug could harm:

fetuses during the first trimester of pregnancy

Alpha cells of the pancreas secrete which of the following hormones?

glucagon

Which of the following should be avoided by patients who are taking the statin drug simvastatin?

grapefruit juice

The most important manifestation of acetaminophen toxicity is:

hepatic damage

Proton pump inhibitors work by stopping the production of hydrogen ions (protons) in the parietal cells, which stops the formation of:

hydrochloric acid

Higher than normal levels of cholesterol in the blood signifies a condition known as:

hypercholesterolemia

Your patient is experiencing nausea, and is complaining of feeling light headed, states that the TV is blurry and that (s)he can't seem to quench their thirst. You suspect that your patient is experiencing an episode of ________.

hyperglycemia

Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of anaphylactic shock?

hypertension

Benzodiazepines may be used as sedatives or:

hypnotics

Pharmacology deals with all the drugs used in society today, including prescription, legal, OTC, and ________ drugs.

illegal

Antibiotics are substances produced by microorganisms that can:

inhibit or kill other microorganisms

The term bacteriostatic means:

inhibiting microbial growth

If the urine, vomitus, or stool exhibit color changes while taking heparin, the patient must notify his or her health-care provider because there may be:

internal bleeding

An abnormal state induced by a chemical agent such as a drug, serum, or toxin is known as:

intoxication

Agents that separate or loosen the horny layer of the epidermis are referred to as:

keratolytics

The term bactericidal means:

killing microbes

Agents that are bronchodilators and leukotriene receptor antagonists are known as:

leukotriene inhibitors

The generic name of Ativan is:

lorazepam

Daily use of marijuana increases the risk of:

lung cancer

Failure to administer a drug in the correct form results in a:

medication error

In the United States, there are:

more than 600 poison control centers

Methadone is often used to treat an addiction to:

morphine

Simple diffusion involves:

movement of molecules from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration

Agents that dilate the pupil of the eye are known as:

mydriatic agents

Diuretics have their principal action in promoting water loss at the level of the:

nephrons

The chemicals that bridge the synaptic clefts are called:

neurotransmitters

Cholinergic blockers are also called anticholinergics or:

parasympatholytics

Cholinergic agonists are also called cholinomimetics or:

parasympathomimetics

The generic name of Acticin and Nix is:

permethrin

The most commonly used and recognizable drug in the hydantoin group is:

phenytoin

Which of the following occurs in a red, nonpoisonous form, and a yellow, highly toxic form?

phosphorus

Which of the following endocrine glands secretes TSH?

pituitary

Antiplatelet agents help prevent the formation of blood clots by keeping platelets from binding together. This is known as:

platelet aggregation

The term toxic may be defined as:

poisonous or harmful

The electrolyte that is most important for maintaining the resting potential of nerve and cardiac muscle cells is:

potassium

Warfarin carries a strong warning against its use during:

pregnancy

atorvastatin increases the risk of myopathy and:

rhabdomyolysis

You should inform patients that ________ may cause tears and urine to become a red-orange color.

rifampin

Abnormal electrical activity in the brain constitutes:

seizures

Aminoglycosides are used for the treatment of:

sepsis

Acute overdoses of alcohol cause all of the following except:

severe hypertension

A prescription cannot be carried out if it is NOT:

signed by the physician

Medications used to treat musculoskeletal conditions include aspirin, gold salts, NSAIDs, and:

skeletal muscle relaxants

The primary site of gastrointestinal (GI) absorption of a drug is the:

small intestine

A "medicine" refers to a drug mixed with other ingredients that may improve its taste, physical form, or:

stability

In which of the following stages of anesthesia is pain abolished?

stage I

The most effective drugs for lowering cholesterol levels are the:

statins

Enteric coatings may be used to keep a drug from dissolving in the:

stomach

CNS stimulants are used for all the following except:

stopping smoking

Antiplatelet agents may prevent arterial thrombosis, myocardial infarction, or:

stroke

Adrenergic medications mimic the effects of the:

sympathetic nervous system

Adverse effects of local anesthetics include all the following except:

temporary loss of hearing

Any drug that causes harm to an embryo is called a(n):

teratogen

Sympathomimetics (or adrenergic agonists) produce symptoms of:

the fight-or-flight response

Drugs that dissolve preformed clots are NOT called anticoagulants but instead are referred to as:

thrombolytic agents

The oral anticoagulant of choice is:

warfarin

Prescription pads must be used only for:

writing prescriptions for medications

Your patient is to receive dilitiazem 180 mg. How many tablets will you administer? (120 mg each tab)

1.5

The physician has prescribed visteral 50 mg po 3x/day. You have visteral oral suspension 25 mg/5 mL on hand. How many mL will you administer, each dose?

10

Your patient receives phenytoin 200 mg three times per day. How many capsules will you administer per dose?

2

Isopropyl alcohol and acetone are both classified as:

CNS depressants

Safety caps are examples of which type of medication packaging?

Child-resistant

Warfarin is popularly marketed as:

Coumadin

Warfarin is an antagonist of vitamin:

K

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies are controlled by which of the following organizations?

NCCAM

An anti-inflammatory agent used specifically for gout and NOT for any other condition is known as:

colchicine

Which of the following is an example of regular insulin?

Humulin R

Anaphylaxis is an example of type ________ allergic drug reactions.

I

Which of the following decongestants is administered nasally?

Afrin

Beta 2-adrenergic agonists are used for which of the following disorders or conditions?

Asthma

Why is heroin considered a Schedule I drug but cocaine is considered a Schedule II drug?

Because cocaine has accepted medical use in the United States but heroin does not

Which of the following carries blood directly to the liver?

Hepatic portal circulation

All drug administration laws are initiated, implemented, and enforced by the:

FDA

The trade name of alendronate sodium is:

Fosamax

HIPAA stands for:

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

Bulk-forming laxatives absorb free water in which of the following sections of the GI tract?

Large intestine

Most anatomic terms come from:

Latin origins

For patients who are allergic to penicillins, which of the following types of drugs are commonly used instead for infections?

Macrolides

The trade name for clopidogrel is:

Plavix

Alendronate and risedronate are used to treat osteoporosis and are drugs known as:

bisphosphonates

The administration of an antiplatelet drug increases the risk of:

bleeding

Antibiotics effective against a wide range of organisms are known as:

broad spectrum

Antacids are alkaline compounds used to neutralize hydrochloric acid that may contain aluminum, magnesium, sodium, potassium, or:

calcium

The most abundant mineral in the human body is:

calcium

The most common superinfection is:

candidiasis

Positively charged ions, such as sodium ions in extracellular fluid, are referred to as:

cations

Control of infectious disease occurrence depends on breaking the:

chain of transmission

Carbon monoxide, which is produced by the exhaust of internal combustion engines, causes the skin and mucous membranes to become:

cherry red