PHED 1175 Exam 1
dermis
Inner layer of skin
________ is failure to follow the accepted standards of care, resulting in further injury to the person.
Negligence
The ________ comprises the skill, spinal column, thorax, pelvis, leg bones, shoulder, arm bones, and joints.
Skeletal system
_______ nonfatal injuries are treated in hospital emergency departments more than any other type of unintentional injury.
Sports-related
It is not unusual to become upset, nauseous, week, or physically ill during emergencies. However, first aid providers must _____ and keep working at an injury scene.
Stay alert
Aorta
The large arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed through the body.
quadrant
a section of the abdominal cavity
The adult skeleton has ____ bones that shape the human body. Bones are composed of living cells surrounded by hard deposits of _____, which gives bones their strength and rigidity.
- 206 - calcium
The ____ kinds of muscles are ___, ____, and ____. They differ in appearance and in the specific job that they do.
- 3 - smooth - skeletal - cardiac
A _______ must make decisions quickly and reliably to recognize the emergency, ______ call 9-1-1 if EMS is needed, check the ill or injured person, and give first aid. Bystanders are ____ likely to offer assistance in emergencies in public places because they ____ knowledge, are confused about what an emergency is, or are influenced by the characteristics of an emergency. The quality of help provided by bystanders can be _____ or potentially dangerous.
- Bystander - decide to help - less - lack - inaccurate
_______ if the person's condition is life threatening, if it can get worse on the way to the hospital, if then person needs the ______ of EMS, if the distance or traffic conditions could cause delay in getting the person to the hospital, or if a _____ is suspected.
- Call 911/ decide - skills/equipment - spinal injury
The ________________ developed a set of standard precautions that advise you to _____ people are infected and can spread an organism that poses a risk for transmission of infectious diseases.
- Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Emergencies are ______, ________, and rare events that are unique, unforeseen, and urgent.
- Dangerous - Unusual
______ what you know about the person with anyone ______ those who have a medical need to know. However, you must report incidents of rape, abuse, and gunshot wounds.
- Don't discuss - other than
______ is the immediate care given to an injured or suddenly ill person. It does not take place of ______. It involves more than doing things for others; it also includes treatments that people can give themselves.
- First aid - proper medical care
A first aid provider can be sued, but the risk can be _____ by ______________ from the injured or ill person. An alert and mentally competent adult can reject help.
- Minimized - obtaining consent
It is important to deal with _______ by discussing feelings, fears, and reactions within ______ hours of helping at an emergency.
- PTSD - 7-12
Intentional and ______ injuries constitute a major threat to public health and are referred to as the ______. Most injuries are treated by first aid providers.
- Unintentional - neglected epidemic
The circulatory system is made up of the ____, ____, and ___ in the body.
- blood - heart - blood vessels
The skull rests at the top of the spinal column and houses the _____ certain glands, and the centers of special senses. The spinal column is made of irregularly shaped bones called _____, which lie on top of each other to form a strong, flexible column.
- brain - vertebre
The _________ is a complex collect of nerve cells (_____) that coordinate the work of all parts of the human body, and keep the individual in touch with the outside world. It is made up of the _____, ______, and ________ nervous systems.
- central - peripheral - autonomic
Teach ________ when and how to use 911. Do not hang up if you accidentally call 911; _______ your mistake. Add EMS, fire, and police numbers to a list by the phone if your area does not have 911.
- children - explain
The _________ (clavicle) and the shoulder blade ( scapula) form the shoulder girdle
- collar bone
The skin covers the entire body and protects the deep tissues from being injured, _____, or being invaded by _______ and other foreign bodies.
- drying out - bacteria
Air normally enters the body during _____ through the nostrils, passes through the nasal passages, and then enters the nasal portion of the ____ or throat.
- inhale - pharynx
Arm bones consist of the upper arm, forearm, wrist, hand, and fingers. A ____ is where two or more bones meet or join. Some joints allow little movement, while other allow a ____ range of motion.
- joint - wide
Once you have responded to an emergency, you __________ an injured or ill person who needs continuing first aid _______ and trained person takes responsibility for the person. If you do leave, it is considered _______.
- must not leave - until another qualified - abandonment
Injured or ill people will benefit from _______ actions from bystanders.
- quick, reliable
People go through grieving stages when they lose a loved one. Allow survivors to grieve in whatever way seems right to them. Offer support, and never leave an individual survivor alone, but ______ that person's _____ to privacy.
- respect - right
In injuries and illnesses, most life-threatening conditions affect the _____, circulatory, and _____ systems which include the most sensitive and important organs in the body.
- respiratory - nervous
Oxygen from the air is made available to the blood through the ___________ and then to the body cells through the _________.
- respiratory system - circulatory system
First aid providers must understand the _____ of __________. An infectious disease is a medical condition caused by the growth and spread of small, harmful organisms within the body.
- risk - infectious disease
speak ______ and _______ when calling 911. State the person's phone number you are calling from, and your name. Describe what happened, the ___________ need help, and any special conditions. State the person's condition as well as any ____ you have tried.
- slowly, clearly - number of people - first aid
Assist a dying person by ____________ and addressing the person's concerns in a simple, clear, and honest manner, using a ______ of voice.
- staying positive - gentle tone
A first provider must be familiar with the basic ____ and ____ of the human body.
- structure - functions
the ______ is also known as the rib cage and consists of ribs and the sternum, which is also known as the _____.
- thorax - breast bone
The _______ branches into two main bronchial tubes, one for each lung. The process of air passing in and out of the lungs is ______.
- trachea - respiration
Negligence involves
1. having a duty to act 2. breaching that duty 3. causing injury and damages 4. exceeding your level of training
what are the steps to helping in an emergency
1. recognizing the emergency 2. deciding to help 3. call 911 if EMS is needed 4 check the person 5. give first aid
Each year, ____ people experience a nonfatal injury serious enough to need medical care or to restrict activity for at least one day.
1/4
The body can store only enough oxygen for a few minutes. Death or severe damage will result in about _____ minutes if the body's oxygen supply is cut off.
4-6
Epiglottis
A flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from entering.
Esophagus
A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.
Trachea
Allows air to pass to and from lungs
_______ is a measure of the pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the flexible arteries.
Blood pressure
veins
Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
________ before calling others and when you are doubtful if 911 should be called.
Call 911
Perfusion
Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue
Proximal
Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
_____________ are diseases that can be spread from one person to another.
Communicable
Recognizing a serious medical emergency and knowing how to get help can be ______ in saving a life
Crucial
_________ is often used to eliminate dears and anxieties.
Desensatization
When you are discussing where an injury is located or how a pain moves throughout the body, you need to know the correct ______ terms
Directional
_________ attempt a rescue that you have not been specifically trained to do.
Do not/never
______ should be prepared to deal with an emergency.
Everyone
____________ encourage people to assist other in distress by granting them immunity against lawsuits.
Good Samaritan Law
Capillaries
any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules.
pulmonary artery
artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs
posterior
back of body
arteries
carry blood away from the heart
3 main subdivisions of brain
cerebrum (large brain), cerebellum (small brain), brainstem
Superficial
closer to or on the skin
inferior
closer to the feet
superior
closer to the head
medial
closer to the middle of the body (inner)
First air providers do not _____.
diagnose
Distal
farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
deep
farther inside the body
lateral
father from the middle of the body (outer)
upper leg bone
femur
Anterior
front of body
The pelvis, pelvic girdle, is formed by the two _____ and the sacrum.
hip bones
upper arm
humerus
The leg bones include the upper leg, or thigh, knee, lower leg, ankles, feet.
name the bones
knee joint
patella
It is easier to ______ than it is to treat one. Effective prevention uses a combination of education, enforcement, and engineering. The Haddon Matrix is a strategy for identifying interventions that can be applied to any type of illness or injury.
prevent
forearm
radius and ulna (larger)
Alveoli
smallest bronchioles end in thousands of tiny pouches
ankle bone
tarsals
shin bone
tibia
Larynx
voice box
Most communities dial 911 to receive emergency assistance. Enhanced 911 will give _______ when calling from a landline; report your location when calling from a cell phone.
your location