PHED 1175 Exam 1

dermis

Inner layer of skin

________ is failure to follow the accepted standards of care, resulting in further injury to the person.

Negligence

The ________ comprises the skill, spinal column, thorax, pelvis, leg bones, shoulder, arm bones, and joints.

Skeletal system

_______ nonfatal injuries are treated in hospital emergency departments more than any other type of unintentional injury.

Sports-related

It is not unusual to become upset, nauseous, week, or physically ill during emergencies. However, first aid providers must _____ and keep working at an injury scene.

Stay alert

Aorta

The large arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed through the body.

quadrant

a section of the abdominal cavity

The adult skeleton has ____ bones that shape the human body. Bones are composed of living cells surrounded by hard deposits of _____, which gives bones their strength and rigidity.

- 206 - calcium

The ____ kinds of muscles are ___, ____, and ____. They differ in appearance and in the specific job that they do.

- 3 - smooth - skeletal - cardiac

A _______ must make decisions quickly and reliably to recognize the emergency, ______ call 9-1-1 if EMS is needed, check the ill or injured person, and give first aid. Bystanders are ____ likely to offer assistance in emergencies in public places because they ____ knowledge, are confused about what an emergency is, or are influenced by the characteristics of an emergency. The quality of help provided by bystanders can be _____ or potentially dangerous.

- Bystander - decide to help - less - lack - inaccurate

_______ if the person's condition is life threatening, if it can get worse on the way to the hospital, if then person needs the ______ of EMS, if the distance or traffic conditions could cause delay in getting the person to the hospital, or if a _____ is suspected.

- Call 911/ decide - skills/equipment - spinal injury

The ________________ developed a set of standard precautions that advise you to _____ people are infected and can spread an organism that poses a risk for transmission of infectious diseases.

- Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Emergencies are ______, ________, and rare events that are unique, unforeseen, and urgent.

- Dangerous - Unusual

______ what you know about the person with anyone ______ those who have a medical need to know. However, you must report incidents of rape, abuse, and gunshot wounds.

- Don't discuss - other than

______ is the immediate care given to an injured or suddenly ill person. It does not take place of ______. It involves more than doing things for others; it also includes treatments that people can give themselves.

- First aid - proper medical care

A first aid provider can be sued, but the risk can be _____ by ______________ from the injured or ill person. An alert and mentally competent adult can reject help.

- Minimized - obtaining consent

It is important to deal with _______ by discussing feelings, fears, and reactions within ______ hours of helping at an emergency.

- PTSD - 7-12

Intentional and ______ injuries constitute a major threat to public health and are referred to as the ______. Most injuries are treated by first aid providers.

- Unintentional - neglected epidemic

The circulatory system is made up of the ____, ____, and ___ in the body.

- blood - heart - blood vessels

The skull rests at the top of the spinal column and houses the _____ certain glands, and the centers of special senses. The spinal column is made of irregularly shaped bones called _____, which lie on top of each other to form a strong, flexible column.

- brain - vertebre

The _________ is a complex collect of nerve cells (_____) that coordinate the work of all parts of the human body, and keep the individual in touch with the outside world. It is made up of the _____, ______, and ________ nervous systems.

- central - peripheral - autonomic

Teach ________ when and how to use 911. Do not hang up if you accidentally call 911; _______ your mistake. Add EMS, fire, and police numbers to a list by the phone if your area does not have 911.

- children - explain

The _________ (clavicle) and the shoulder blade ( scapula) form the shoulder girdle

- collar bone

The skin covers the entire body and protects the deep tissues from being injured, _____, or being invaded by _______ and other foreign bodies.

- drying out - bacteria

Air normally enters the body during _____ through the nostrils, passes through the nasal passages, and then enters the nasal portion of the ____ or throat.

- inhale - pharynx

Arm bones consist of the upper arm, forearm, wrist, hand, and fingers. A ____ is where two or more bones meet or join. Some joints allow little movement, while other allow a ____ range of motion.

- joint - wide

Once you have responded to an emergency, you __________ an injured or ill person who needs continuing first aid _______ and trained person takes responsibility for the person. If you do leave, it is considered _______.

- must not leave - until another qualified - abandonment

Injured or ill people will benefit from _______ actions from bystanders.

- quick, reliable

People go through grieving stages when they lose a loved one. Allow survivors to grieve in whatever way seems right to them. Offer support, and never leave an individual survivor alone, but ______ that person's _____ to privacy.

- respect - right

In injuries and illnesses, most life-threatening conditions affect the _____, circulatory, and _____ systems which include the most sensitive and important organs in the body.

- respiratory - nervous

Oxygen from the air is made available to the blood through the ___________ and then to the body cells through the _________.

- respiratory system - circulatory system

First aid providers must understand the _____ of __________. An infectious disease is a medical condition caused by the growth and spread of small, harmful organisms within the body.

- risk - infectious disease

speak ______ and _______ when calling 911. State the person's phone number you are calling from, and your name. Describe what happened, the ___________ need help, and any special conditions. State the person's condition as well as any ____ you have tried.

- slowly, clearly - number of people - first aid

Assist a dying person by ____________ and addressing the person's concerns in a simple, clear, and honest manner, using a ______ of voice.

- staying positive - gentle tone

A first provider must be familiar with the basic ____ and ____ of the human body.

- structure - functions

the ______ is also known as the rib cage and consists of ribs and the sternum, which is also known as the _____.

- thorax - breast bone

The _______ branches into two main bronchial tubes, one for each lung. The process of air passing in and out of the lungs is ______.

- trachea - respiration

Negligence involves

1. having a duty to act 2. breaching that duty 3. causing injury and damages 4. exceeding your level of training

what are the steps to helping in an emergency

1. recognizing the emergency 2. deciding to help 3. call 911 if EMS is needed 4 check the person 5. give first aid

Each year, ____ people experience a nonfatal injury serious enough to need medical care or to restrict activity for at least one day.

1/4

The body can store only enough oxygen for a few minutes. Death or severe damage will result in about _____ minutes if the body's oxygen supply is cut off.

4-6

Epiglottis

A flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from entering.

Esophagus

A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.

Trachea

Allows air to pass to and from lungs

_______ is a measure of the pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the flexible arteries.

Blood pressure

veins

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

________ before calling others and when you are doubtful if 911 should be called.

Call 911

Perfusion

Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue

Proximal

Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

_____________ are diseases that can be spread from one person to another.

Communicable

Recognizing a serious medical emergency and knowing how to get help can be ______ in saving a life

Crucial

_________ is often used to eliminate dears and anxieties.

Desensatization

When you are discussing where an injury is located or how a pain moves throughout the body, you need to know the correct ______ terms

Directional

_________ attempt a rescue that you have not been specifically trained to do.

Do not/never

______ should be prepared to deal with an emergency.

Everyone

____________ encourage people to assist other in distress by granting them immunity against lawsuits.

Good Samaritan Law

Capillaries

any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules.

pulmonary artery

artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs

posterior

back of body

arteries

carry blood away from the heart

3 main subdivisions of brain

cerebrum (large brain), cerebellum (small brain), brainstem

Superficial

closer to or on the skin

inferior

closer to the feet

superior

closer to the head

medial

closer to the middle of the body (inner)

First air providers do not _____.

diagnose

Distal

farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

deep

farther inside the body

lateral

father from the middle of the body (outer)

upper leg bone

femur

Anterior

front of body

The pelvis, pelvic girdle, is formed by the two _____ and the sacrum.

hip bones

upper arm

humerus

The leg bones include the upper leg, or thigh, knee, lower leg, ankles, feet.

name the bones

knee joint

patella

It is easier to ______ than it is to treat one. Effective prevention uses a combination of education, enforcement, and engineering. The Haddon Matrix is a strategy for identifying interventions that can be applied to any type of illness or injury.

prevent

forearm

radius and ulna (larger)

Alveoli

smallest bronchioles end in thousands of tiny pouches

ankle bone

tarsals

shin bone

tibia

Larynx

voice box

Most communities dial 911 to receive emergency assistance. Enhanced 911 will give _______ when calling from a landline; report your location when calling from a cell phone.

your location