PHI-186 - Chapter 1 - The Nature of Morality
"Etiquette" designates a special realm of morality. T/F
False
An argument is valid only if all its premises are true. T/F
False
An individual does not have to follow the code of one's profession. T/F
False
Enron executives acted wrongly simply because they broke the law. T/F
False
If you do the right thing only because you think it will pay off, then you are truly motivated by moral concerns. T/F
False
If your conduct is legal, it will also be moral. T/F
False
In a broad sense morality is the moral code of an individual or of a society (insofar as the moral codes of the individuals making up that society overlap). T/F
False
Organizational norms always and inevitably lead to groupthink. T/F
False
Rules of etiquette are always moral rules. T/F
False
The paradox of hedonism (or the paradox of selfishness) is that people who are exclusively concerned with their own interests tend to have happier and more satisfying lives than those who are concerned about other people. T/F
False
Moral attitudes are best depicted by which of the following?
Moral standards typically concern behavior that can be of serious consequence to human welfare.
Which statement is true concerning moral principles and self interests?
Morality serves to restrain our purely sel-finterested desires so that we can all live together.
The benefits within moral standards are best seen in which statement?
Professional codes are the rules that are supposed to govern the conduct of members of a given profession.
Our relationship with the law is best described by which of the following?
To a significant extent, law codifies a society's customs, norms, and moral values.
Business ethics is the study of what constitutes right and wrong, or good and bad, human conduct in a business context. T/F
True
Bystander apathy appears to result in part from diffusion of responsibility. T/F
True
Ethical relativism is the theory that what is right is determined by what a culture or society says is right. T/F
True
For philosophers, the important question is not how we come to have the particular moral principles we have, but whether we can justify them. T/F
True
In business and elsewhere, your only moral obligation is to act within the law. T/F
True
In theory and practice, law codifies customs, ideals, beliefs, and a society's moral values. T/F
True
Moral standards concern behavior that can be of serious consequence to human welfare. T/F
True
Most people don't distinguish between a person's "moral" and his or her "ethics." T/F
True
One of the major characteristics of an organization is the shared acceptance of organizational rules by its members. T/F
True
Our conscience evolved as we internalized the moral instructions of the parents or other authority figures who raised us as children. T/F
True
There are four basic kinds of law: statutes, regulations, common law, and constitutional law. T/F
True
The authors use the murder of Kitty Genovese to illustrate
bystander apathy.
If an argument is valid, then
its conclusion must be true, if its premises are
Accepting a moral principle
generally involves a desire to follow that principle for its own sake
A tangible truth about having moral principles is
if you do the right thing only because you think it will pay off, you're not really motivated by moral concerns.
In the essay, "Is Business Bluffing Ethical?" Albert Carr would agree with all of the following except for:
Business should be evaluated by society's moral standards.
Choose the statement that is a true reflection of moral beliefs.
Bystander apathy appears to result in part from diffusion of responsibility
According to divine command theory, if stealing is wrong then it is wrong because:
Stealing is wrong only because God commands us not to steal.
According to Tom Regan, our considered moral beliefs are those we hold only after we have made a conscientious effort (a) to attain maximum conceptual clarity, (b) to acquire all relevant information, (c) to think about the belief and its implications rationally, (d) impartially, and with the benefit of reflection, (e) coolly. T/F
True
According to divine command theory, if something is wrong, then the only reason it is wrong is that God commands us not to do it. T/F
True
An argument is a group of statements, one of which is claimed to follow from the others. T/F
True
An organization is a group of people working together to achieve a common purpose. T/F
True
Proper logic states
all sound arguments are valid arguments.
Good moral judgments should be logical and
based on facts and acceptable moral principles
The code or principles of conduct that a person accepts
can be distinguished from the person's morality in a broader sense that includes his or her values, ideals, and aspirations.
Morality and sel-finterest
can sometimes conflict.
Which of the following is one of the four broad categories of law?
contractual law
Choose the statement that gives the most accurate description of etiquette:
etiquette refers to any special code of social behavior or courtesy
The famous experiments by social psychologist Solomon Asch show
even temporary groups can pressure people to conform.
Which of the following characteristics distinguishes moral standards from other sorts of standards?
moral standards take priority over other standards, including self-interest
When religion and morality are considered:
the moral instructions of the world's great religions are often general and imprecise.
Philosophical discussion of moral issues typically involves
the revision and modification of arguments.
When ethical relativism is put into practice, it implies that
we cannot say that slavery is wrong if the society in question believes it is right.
The example of Huckleberry Finn shows
we shouldn't rely uncritically on what our conscience says.
Ethical relativism supports the theory that:
what is right is determined by what a culture or society says is right
For philosophers, the most important issue is not where our moral principles came from, but:
whether those moral principles can be justified