PHI-186 - Chapter 1 - The Nature of Morality

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"Etiquette" designates a special realm of morality. T/F

False

An argument is valid only if all its premises are true. T/F

False

An individual does not have to follow the code of one's profession. T/F

False

Enron executives acted wrongly simply because they broke the law. T/F

False

If you do the right thing only because you think it will pay off, then you are truly motivated by moral concerns. T/F

False

If your conduct is legal, it will also be moral. T/F

False

In a broad sense morality is the moral code of an individual or of a society (insofar as the moral codes of the individuals making up that society overlap). T/F

False

Organizational norms always and inevitably lead to groupthink. T/F

False

Rules of etiquette are always moral rules. T/F

False

The paradox of hedonism (or the paradox of selfishness) is that people who are exclusively concerned with their own interests tend to have happier and more satisfying lives than those who are concerned about other people. T/F

False

Moral attitudes are best depicted by which of the following?

Moral standards typically concern behavior that can be of serious consequence to human welfare.

Which statement is true concerning moral principles and self interests?

Morality serves to restrain our purely sel-finterested desires so that we can all live together.

The benefits within moral standards are best seen in which statement?

Professional codes are the rules that are supposed to govern the conduct of members of a given profession.

Our relationship with the law is best described by which of the following?

To a significant extent, law codifies a society's customs, norms, and moral values.

Business ethics is the study of what constitutes right and wrong, or good and bad, human conduct in a business context. T/F

True

Bystander apathy appears to result in part from diffusion of responsibility. T/F

True

Ethical relativism is the theory that what is right is determined by what a culture or society says is right. T/F

True

For philosophers, the important question is not how we come to have the particular moral principles we have, but whether we can justify them. T/F

True

In business and elsewhere, your only moral obligation is to act within the law. T/F

True

In theory and practice, law codifies customs, ideals, beliefs, and a society's moral values. T/F

True

Moral standards concern behavior that can be of serious consequence to human welfare. T/F

True

Most people don't distinguish between a person's "moral" and his or her "ethics." T/F

True

One of the major characteristics of an organization is the shared acceptance of organizational rules by its members. T/F

True

Our conscience evolved as we internalized the moral instructions of the parents or other authority figures who raised us as children. T/F

True

There are four basic kinds of law: statutes, regulations, common law, and constitutional law. T/F

True

The authors use the murder of Kitty Genovese to illustrate

bystander apathy.

If an argument is valid, then

its conclusion must be true, if its premises are

Accepting a moral principle

generally involves a desire to follow that principle for its own sake

A tangible truth about having moral principles is

if you do the right thing only because you think it will pay off, you're not really motivated by moral concerns.

In the essay, "Is Business Bluffing Ethical?" Albert Carr would agree with all of the following except for:

Business should be evaluated by society's moral standards.

Choose the statement that is a true reflection of moral beliefs.

Bystander apathy appears to result in part from diffusion of responsibility

According to divine command theory, if stealing is wrong then it is wrong because:

Stealing is wrong only because God commands us not to steal.

According to Tom Regan, our considered moral beliefs are those we hold only after we have made a conscientious effort (a) to attain maximum conceptual clarity, (b) to acquire all relevant information, (c) to think about the belief and its implications rationally, (d) impartially, and with the benefit of reflection, (e) coolly. T/F

True

According to divine command theory, if something is wrong, then the only reason it is wrong is that God commands us not to do it. T/F

True

An argument is a group of statements, one of which is claimed to follow from the others. T/F

True

An organization is a group of people working together to achieve a common purpose. T/F

True

Proper logic states

all sound arguments are valid arguments.

Good moral judgments should be logical and

based on facts and acceptable moral principles

The code or principles of conduct that a person accepts

can be distinguished from the person's morality in a broader sense that includes his or her values, ideals, and aspirations.

Morality and sel-finterest

can sometimes conflict.

Which of the following is one of the four broad categories of law?

contractual law

Choose the statement that gives the most accurate description of etiquette:

etiquette refers to any special code of social behavior or courtesy

The famous experiments by social psychologist Solomon Asch show

even temporary groups can pressure people to conform.

Which of the following characteristics distinguishes moral standards from other sorts of standards?

moral standards take priority over other standards, including self-interest

When religion and morality are considered:

the moral instructions of the world's great religions are often general and imprecise.

Philosophical discussion of moral issues typically involves

the revision and modification of arguments.

When ethical relativism is put into practice, it implies that

we cannot say that slavery is wrong if the society in question believes it is right.

The example of Huckleberry Finn shows

we shouldn't rely uncritically on what our conscience says.

Ethical relativism supports the theory that:

what is right is determined by what a culture or society says is right

For philosophers, the most important issue is not where our moral principles came from, but:

whether those moral principles can be justified


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