PHI Homework #2: 1H

Label the following argument form: All t-shirts are blue. This garment is a t-shirt. Therefore this garment must be blue. - Modes ponens -Modus tollens -There is not enough information to determine

- Modes ponens

Label the fallacy in the following argument: If my horse is a Shetland pony, it is very small. My horse is very small. Therefore it's a Shetland pony. - Affirming the consequent -Denying the antecedent

- Affirming the consequent

Label the fallacy in the following argument: All good doctors are kind. Dr. Bertram isn't a good doctor. Therefore he isn't kind. - Denying the antecedent -Affirming the consequent

- Denying the antecedent

Choose the reconstruction of the following rhetorical language which seems the best interpretation: If you like to exercise, why don't you actually exercise? - If you like to exercise, then you should actually exercise. You do not actually exercise. Therefore, you do not like to exercise. -If you like to exercise, then you should actually exercise. You like to exercise. Therefore, you do actually exercise. - If you like to exercise, then you should actually exercise. You do not like to exercise. Therefore, you do not actually exercise. - If you like to exercise, then you should actually exercise. You actually do exercise. Therefore, you like to exercise.

- If you like to exercise, then you should actually exercise. You do not actually exercise. Therefore, you do not like to exercise.

For the following enthymeme, use the principle of charity to supply either the missing premise or the missing conclusion: I have a stomachache. I just took some antacid medicine. Antacid medicine relieves stomachaches. - My stomachache will go away. (conclusion) -The antacid medicine has not yet expired. (conclusion) -I don't have any other pain relief medicine. (premise) -I may be allergic to antacids. (premise)

- My stomachache will go away. (conclusion)

Choose which argument form correctly models the following argument: All smokers are people who put their health at risk. All smokers are people who lack self-control. Therefore, all people who put their health at risk are people who lack self-control. -All A are B. All B are C. So, all B are C. -All A are B. All C are B. So, all A are C. -All A are B. All A are C. So, all B are C. -All A are C. All B are A. So, all B are C.

-All A are B. All A are C. So, all B are C.

Does the following passage contain an argument? She just inherited one million dollars, so she will probably buy a new house and car. - Argument - No Argument

-Argument

Determine whether the following argument is best classified as deductive or inductive: The syllabus states that if a student receives at least a ninety on every exam and homework, then he or she will get an "A" for the course. I have at least a ninety on every exam and homework, thus I will get an "A" for the course. - Deductive -Inductive

-Deductive

Label the following argument form: All good doctors are kind. Dr. Bertram isn't kind. Therefore he isn't a good doctor. - Modus ponens -Modus tollens

-Modus tollens

Choose the reconstruction of the following rhetorical language which seems the best interpretation: If it makes you happy, then why are you so sad? -If it makes you happy, then you should not be sad. It makes you happy, so you should not be sad. -If it makes you happy, then you should not be sad. It doesn't make you happy, so you should be sad. -If it makes you happy, then you should not be sad. You are sad, so it doesn't make you happy. -There is not enough information to determine the best reconstruction.

-If it makes you happy, then you should not be sad. You are sad, so it doesn't make you happy.

Choose the reconstruction of the following rhetorical language which seems the best interpretation: If you really enjoy watching movies, why do you sleep through all of them? -If you enjoy watching movies, then you should not sleep through all of them. You enjoy watching movies, so you should not sleep though all of them. -If you enjoy watching movies, then you should not sleep through all of them. You do not enjoy watching movies, so you should sleep through all of them. -If you enjoy watching movies, then you should not sleep through all of them. You are sleeping through all the movies, so you do not enjoy watching them. -If you enjoy watching movies, then you should not sleep through all of them. You are sleeping through all the movies, so you enjoy watching them

-If you enjoy watching movies, then you should not sleep through all of them. You are sleeping through all the movies, so you do not enjoy watching them.

Determine whether the following argument is best classified as deductive or inductive: Whoever has home-court advantage usually wins. The Wolves have home-court advantage tonight. So, they'll probably win. -Deductive -Inductive

-Inductive

Does the following passage contain an argument? Our theories and hypotheses regarding space and time have changed dramatically in the last few centuries. It was once thought that the Sun, other planets, and stars circle around Earth, but we now know that the Earth circles around the Sun. In addition, our solar system is just one tiny part of the Milky Way galaxy, which in turn is just one galaxy among billions of others that make up the universe. -Argument -No Argument

-No argument

For the following enthymeme, use the principle of charity to supply either the missing premise or the missing conclusion: Sally has a bacterial infection. She took the penicillin pills her doctor prescribed. Penicillin is effective on bacterial infections. -Sally knows she will not get better. (premise) -Sally's infection will probably not improve. (conclusion) -Sally's infection will probably improve. (conclusion) -Sally's infection will probably worsen. (conclusion

-Sally's infection will probably improve. (conclusion)

Choose which argument form correctly models the following argument, and which substitutions create a counterexample that shows the argument is invalid: Some lovers of football are avid readers. Some avid readers are good learners. Therefore, some lovers of football are good learners. -Some A are B. Some A are C. So, some B are C. Let A=Dogs, B=Animals, C=cats. - Some A are B. Some B are C. So, some C are A. Let A=Dogs, B=Animals, C=Cats - Some B are A. Some C are A. So, some B are C. Let A=Dogs, B=Animals, C=Cats -Some A are B. Some B are C. So, some A are C. Let A=Dogs, B=Animals, C=cats

-Some A are B. Some B are C. So, some A are C. Let A=Dogs, B=Animals, C=cats

Which substitutions create a counterexample that shows the argument is invalid? Tom was born before 1970. Jerry was born before 1971. Therefore, Tom was born before Jerry. -Tom was born in 1968. Jerry was born in 1970. Thus, Tom was born before Jerry. -Tom was born in 1967. Jerry was born in 1968. Thus, Tom was born before Jerry. -Tom was born in 1961. Jerry was born in 1960. Thus, Tom was born before Jerry. -Tom was born in 1975. Jerry was born in 1980. Thus, Tom was born before Jerry.

-Tom was born in 1961. Jerry was born in 1960. Thus, Tom was born before Jerry.