Physical Science Chapter 12-...
The rock cycle is a cincept that predicts which of the following will undergo ongoing, constant change? (Chapter 20)
-Igneous -Sedimentary -Metamorphic
Which of the following is a property of light? (Chapter 12)
-It is a wave. -It is a particle. -Its energy comes in packets of uniform size.
How many nonbonding pairs of electrons are in the following molecule? (Chapter 15 & 17)
0 pairs
If the relative mass of a hydrogen atom is 1/4 that of a helium atom, how many hydrogen atoms would you need to equal the mass of four helium atoms? (Chapter 15 & 17)
16
How many oxide ions (O-2) are needed to balance the positive charge of a titanium ion (Ti+4)? (Chapter 15 & 17)
2
How many valence electrons does gallium (Ga, atomic no. = 31) have? (Chapter 15 & 17)
3
If a neutral element has the following chemical notation, how many electrons does it have? carbon-13 (Chapter 12)
6
If a neutral element has the following chemical symbol, how many electrons does it have? 18 O 6 (Chapter 12)
6
If a neutral element has the following chemical symbol, how many electrons does it have? 235 U 92 (Chapter 12)
92
If you mix a typical aluminum ion (Al, atomic no. = 13) with a typical oxygen ion (O, atomic no. = 8), what compound is formed? (Chapter 15 & 17)
Al2O3
Which atom is smallest? (Chapter 12)
Be
Which color light comes from the higher energy transition, red or blue? (Chapter 12)
Blue is higher frequency and therefore corresponds to a higher energy level transition.
Which of the following elements are in the same group as silicon (Si)? (Chapter 12)
C
Which of the following bonds would be the least polar? (Chapter 15 & 17)
C-H
What was Niels Bohr's explanation for the observation of atomic spectra? (Chapter 12)
Electrons could only move in discrete energy steps within an atom.
What is the main tenet of Plank's quantum hypothesis? (Chapter 12)
Energy comes in discrete packets of certain minimum size.
Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks have undergone little change since Earth formed.(Chapter 20)
False.
Which type of rock probably existed first, stating the rock cycle? (Chapter 20)
Igneous
What is the valence shell? (Chapter 12)
It is the outermost shell of electrons in an atom.
What role does entropy play in chemical reactions? (Chapter 15 & 17)
The entropy change determines whether or not the chemical reaction is favorable.
What is the relationship between the light emitted by an atom and the energies of the electrons in the atom? (Chapter 12)
The greater the frequency of a photon of light, the greater the energy packed into that photon.
Evidence for the existence of neutrons did not come until many years after the discoveries of the electron and the proton. Give a possible explanation. (Chapter 12)
The neutron lacks an electrical charge.
How is the number of unpaired valence electrons in an atom related to the number of bonds that the atom can form? (Chapter 15 & 17)
The number of unpaired valence electrons in an atom is the same as the number of bonds that the atom can form.
Which should be larger, the potassium atom, K, or the potassium ion, K⁺? (Chapter 15 & 17)
The potassium atom, K, with an additional shell of electrons is larger.
Why does iodine, I2 (s), spontaneously sublime at room temperature? (Chapter 15 & 17)
There is an increase in entropy as solid iodine, I2 (s), sublimes into iodine vapor, I2 (g), because in the gaseous phase energy is more readily dispersed.
Why is it so easy for a magnesium atom to lose two electrons? (Chapter 15 & 17)
These two electrons are well shielded from the nuclear charge.
In what sense can you truthfully say that you are a part of every person around you?
We are continually exchanging our atoms.
Does an ionic bond have a dipole? (Chapter 15 &17)
Yes, the ionic bond is an example of a very strong dipole.
The necessary condition to produce a artesian system is... (Chapter 22)
a confined aquifer under sufficient pressure.
The annual amount of snow lost by a glacier is called... (Chapter 22)
ablation.
Your ears "pop" when you ascend to higher altitudes because (Chapter 24)
air pressure is lower at higher altitudes.
The following statement describes which subatomic particle best? It is located outside of the nucleus. (Chapter 12)
an electron.
What does the following element description mean? 18 O 6 (Chapter 12)
an oxygen atom with 6 protons and 12 neutrons.
Glaciers flow downslope. A glacier moves fastest... (Chapter 22)
at its surface and in the center.
Groundwater is water... (Chapter 22)
below the water table.
Which of the following statements about ozone is true? (Chapter 15 & 17)
both a and b
Which of the following molecules is polar? (Chapter 15 &17)
c h. f \ / c=c /. \ h. f
Fast moving, turbulent streams are highly erosive, they can... (Chapter 22)
carry large sediment particles and a large volume of sediment.
Sedimentary rocks are formed by the processes of compaction and... (Chapter 20)
cementation
Dissolved rock materials form... (Chapter 20)
chemical sediments.
The origin of Earth's oceans is from... (Chapter 24)
comets and volcanic eruptions.
The grater the hydraulic gradient the... (Chapter 22)
faster the flow.
When a wave moves, the water... (Chapter 24)
follows a roughly circular path
Fresh water leaves the ocean by evaporation and... (Chapter 24)
formation of ice.
In open ocean, surface currents are most affected by... (Chapter 24)
frictional force (winds), the Coriolis force, and the pressure-gradient force.
The flow of groundwater is... (Chapter 22)
from where the water table is high to where it is low.
Which of these does not describe a metal at room temperature? (Chapter 12)
gas
Most of Earth's accessible fresh water is located in... (Chapter 22)
groundwater.
Elements that are in the same ________ have a tendency to have very similar chemical properties due to periodic trends. (Chapter 12)
group.
Cold days are associated with... (Chapter 24)
high surface pressure.
The concept of a chemical bond is ________. (Chapter 15 & 17)
how two or more atoms are held together.
Rocks that are formed from molten minerals are... (Chapter 20)
igneous.
As a scuba diver descends into the open ocean, pressure... (Chapter 24)
increases and temps decrease.
The ocean can be divided into several vertical layers-the surface zone, a transition zone, and the deep zone. As one descends to lower depths, water pressure and temperature... (Chapter 24)
increases; decreases
Extrusive igneous rocks are formed on Earth's surface from (Chapter 20)
lava
If the Moon were four times as massive but twice as far from Earth, high tides on Earth would be (Chapter 24)
lower.
Glaciers lose mass by... (Chapter 22)
melting and calving,
Foliation is found in...(Chapter 20)
metamorphic rocks
A naturally occurring inorganic solid element or compound with a crystalline structure is a... (Chapter 20)
mineral.
Water is vital to life on our planet. Most of Earth's water supply is in the... (Chapter 22)
oceans
Most of Earth's water is in the... (Chapter 24)
oceans.
How many electrons are there in the third shell of sodium, Na (atomic number 11)? (Chapter 12)
one
Most of Earth's Fresh water is located in... (Chapter 22)
polar ice capes and glaciers.
Water able to be contained in the subsurface depends on... (Chapter 22)
porosity.
Snow converts to glacial ice when subject to... (Chapter 22)
pressure.
The relationship between rocks that are continually changing over long periods of time is called...(Chapter 20)
rock cycle.
The infiltration of water is greatest in... (Chapter 22)
sandy soil.
Weathered sediments are pressed and cemented to form... (Chapter 20)
sedimentary rocks.
Accumulations of silt, sand, or other materials that settle out of water are called... (Chapter 20)
sediments.
Going from continental land toward the deep ocean basin, the continental margin consists of the (Chapter 24)
shelf, the slope, and the rise.
Based on its abundance in Earth's crust, most rocks will contain a mineral composed of oxygen and the element (Chapter 20)
silicon
The common structural feature of all silicates is (Chapter 20)
silicon-oxygen tetrahedral unit.
A glacier forms when... (Chapter 22)
snow accumulates to form ice and the ice mass begins to flow under its own weight.
Which of the following is not a property of metal? (Chapter 15 & 17)
soes not conduct heat well
The driving force of our planet's hydrologic cycle comes from... (Chapter 22)
solar energy
The ratio of the mineral's density to the density of water is... (Chapter 20)
specific gravity
The ozone layer is a region within the... (Chapter 24)
stratosphere.
The color of a mineral when it is finely powdered is defined as the... (Chapter 20)
streak.
Deltas form as... (Chapter 22)
streams enter a standing body od water.
Wind is generated in response to (Chapter 24)
temperature and pressure differences, and the unequal heating of Earth's surface.
Which of the following could NOT be represented by a conceptual model? (Chapter 12)
the floor plan of a house
Temperature increases with altitude in the... (Chapter 24)
thermosphere.
Because of the Coriolis force, a wind in the Northern Hemisphere is deflected... (Chapter 24)
toward the right.
Molten rock material from which minerals can crystallize is called magma. (Chapter 20)
true
Very rapid cooling of magma produces glass rather than a mineral. (Chapter 20)
true
Water in a confined aquifer is... (Chapter 22)
under pressure
The group the is not a class of rocks is... (Chapter 20)
volcanic.
Going from most significant to least significant, the atmospheric gases contributing to the greenhouse affect include... (Chapter 24)
water vapor and carbon dioxide.
A rock's permeability can be described by its... (Chapter 22)
water-transmitting capability, or hydraulic conductivity.
OF the three agents of erosion- water, wind, and ice- the one with the ability to move only the smallest particles is... (Chapter 22)
wind.
The ionosphere is an electrified ion-rich area (Chapter 24)
within the uppermost mesosphere and thermosphere
Given the following generic chemical reaction, which is the product? X → Y (Chapter 15 &17)
y is the product
Which of the following would have the lowest melting point? (Chapter 15 & 17)
CF4
Which element is the most abundant in Earth's crust? (Chapter 20)
Oxygen
Earth's atmosphere is similar to the panes of glass in a greenhouse, it allows the Sun's... (Chapter 24)
Short-wavelength radiation to enter, but blocks long-wavelength terrestrial radiation from leaving.
Which pulls on the oceans of Earth with greater force? (Chapter 24)
The Sun.
How is Avogadro's number related to the numbers on the periodic table? (Chapter 15 &17)
The atomic mass listed is the mass of Avogadro's number's worth of atoms.
Why are the atomic masses listed in the periodic table not whole numbers? (Chapter 12)
The atomic masses are average atomic masses.