Physics 111 Chapter 12-15 review

d. the area of the hole increases by the same amount as a similar area of the metal does.

A circular hole is drilled through a penny. Complete the following statement: When the penny is heated, a. the hole decreases in diameter. b. the metal part of the penny expands outward, but the size of the hole does not change. c. the area of the metal increases, but the area of the hole decreases. d. the area of the hole increases by the same amount as a similar area of the metal does.

b. The pressure increases because more air molecules are striking the walls of the tire.

A girl uses a pump to put air into her bicycle tire at constant temperature. A pressure gauge on the pump indicates the pressure inside the tire is increasing each time she pumps. What is the cause of this pressure increase? a. The air molecules repel each other more as more molecules are added and push outward. b. The pressure increases because more air molecules are striking the walls of the tire. c. The volume of the tire is constant. d. The pressure increases because the molecules are moving faster.

c. three times as large as the initial value.

A monatomic ideal gas is compressed isothermically to one-third of its initial volume. The resulting pressure will be a. equal to the initial value. b. less than three times as large as the initial value. c. three times as large as the initial value. d. more than three times as large as the initial value.

d. It is square root of 2 times as large.

A sample of an ideal gas is heated and its Kelvin temperature doubles. What happens to the average speed of the molecules in the sample? a. It is fraction numerator 1 over denominator square root of 2 end fraction times as large. b. It does not change. c. It halves. d. It is square root of 2 times as large.

c. neither; both experience the same size gain or loss of heat

A thermally isolated system is made up of a hot piece of aluminum and a cold piece of copper; the aluminum and the copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than double that of copper. Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium? a. the aluminum b. the copper c. neither; both experience the same size gain or loss of heat d. it is impossible to tell without knowing the masses

c. increases.

An ideal monatomic gas undergoes an isothermal expansion. It is correct to affirm that its entropy a. decreases. b. remains unchanged. c. increases. d. cannot be predicted with the data given.

c. the product of pressure and volume remains constant if the number of moles and temperature of a substance are held constant.

Boyle's law states a. the quotient of pressure and temperature is constant as long as the volume and number of moles is held constant. b. the quantity pressure*volume/temperature is constant as long as the number of moles is constant. c. the product of pressure and volume remains constant if the number of moles and temperature of a substance are held constant. d. the quotient of volume and temperature is constant as long as the pressure and number of moles is held constant.

d. proportional to the Kelvin temperature of the gas.

Complete the following statement: The internal energy of an ideal monatomic gas is a. a constant that is independent of pressure, volume, or temperature. b. proportional to the pressure and inversely proportional to the volume of the gas. c. dependent on both the pressure and the temperature of the gas. d. proportional to the Kelvin temperature of the gas.

a. the flow of energy resulting from a temperature difference.

Complete the following statement: The term heat most accurately describes a. the flow of energy resulting from a temperature difference. b. the molecular motion inside of an object. c. a measure of how hot or cold an object is. d. the internal energy of an object.

b. volume.

During a certain thermal process a solid object's temperature changes. Which of the following quantities is not related to the amount of the temperature change? a. mass. b. volume. c. the amount of heat added or removed. d. the specific heat capacity.

b. it is negative

If a gas condenses to become a liquid, what can we conclude about the latent heat of vaporization? a. it is positive b. it is negative c. it can be either positive or negative d. it is zero

c.it must be possible to restore both the system and the surroundings to their original states.

If a system undergoes a reversible process, a. it must be possible to restore the surroundings to their original state. b. it must be possible to restore the system to its original state. c.it must be possible to restore both the system and the surroundings to their original states. d. the system must not interact with its surroundings.

a. increase by a factor of 16.

If the absolute temperature of an object is doubled, the thermal power radiated per unit surface area of this object will (assuming that its emissivity is not affected by the temperature change) a. increase by a factor of 16. b. increase by a factor of 32. c. decrease by a factor of 2. d. increase by a factor of 4.

b. become one-half its original value

If you double the thickness of a wall built from a homogeneous material, the rate of heat loss for a given temperature difference across the thickness will a. double b. become one-half its original value c. quadruple d. become one-fourth its original value

a. The air pressure is lower at the lower temperature.

On a hot summer day, you turn the thermostat in your house way down. Assume that your house is well sealed and that no air enters or leaves the house. When the air temperature in your house falls a short while later, what statement is correct regarding the air pressure? a. The air pressure is lower at the lower temperature. b. The air pressure does not change at the lower temperature. c. The air pressure is higher at the lower temperature. d.The air pressure decreases at first but then increases again as the temperature approaches its lower value.

c. as the temperature remains the same.

Phase changes occur a. as the temperature decreases. b. as the temperature increases. c. as the temperature remains the same. d. all of the above

b. steam delivers more energy to the skin than boiling water does.

Steam burns can be much more severe than burns caused by boiling water. The reason for this is that a. steam can go through the clothes. b. steam delivers more energy to the skin than boiling water does. c. steam immediately penetrates the skin and then burns from the inside out. d. all of the above

d. The other end of the poker is warmed through conduction.

Suppose you are sitting next to a fireplace in which there is a fire burning. One end of a metal poker has been left in the fire. Which one of the following statements concerning this situation is true? a. You can feel the heat of the fire primarily because of conduction. b. You can feel the heat of the fire primarily because of convection. c. The other end of the poker is warmed through convection. d. The other end of the poker is warmed through conduction.

b. the average translational kinetic energy of the gas.

The absolute temperature of an ideal gas is directly proportional to which one of the following quantities? a. the number of molecules in the sample. b. the average translational kinetic energy of the gas. c. the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of the gas by 1 Co. d. the average momentum of a molecule of the gas.

c. heat of fusion.

The heat required to change a substance from the solid to the liquid state is referred to as the a. heat of melting. b. heat of freezing. c. heat of fusion. d. heat of vaporization.

a. convection

The process whereby heat flows by the mass movement of molecules from one place to another is referred to as a. convection b. evaporation c. radiation d. conduction

a. The specific heat capacity of the wall.

The rate of heat flow through the wall of a house does not depend on which one of the following quantities? a. The specific heat capacity of the wall. b. The dimensions of the wall. c. The thermal conductivity of the wall. d. The temperatures inside and outside the house.

d. This is done to minimize heat transfer by conduction and convection.

The space between the inner walls of a thermos bottle (sometimes called a Dewar flask) is evacuated to remove the air that would otherwise be there. Why is this evacuation done? a. This is done to minimize heat transfer by conduction and radiation. b. This is done to minimize the heat transfer by radiation. c. This is done to increase the heat capacity of the bottle. d. This is done to minimize heat transfer by conduction and convection.

b. radiative

The type of heat transfer that occurs between a heating lamp and the food that it is keeping warm is a. convective b. radiative c. conductive d. evaporation

d. It is based on the fact that there is a lower limit to temperature called absolute zero.

What is unique about the Kelvin temperature scale? a. It is based on multiples of 10. b. It is divided into temperature units called degrees. c. It is named after a person. d. It is based on the fact that there is a lower limit to temperature called absolute zero.

a. with the smaller coefficient of linear expansion.

When a bimetallic strip is heated, the strip will bend toward the side a. with the smaller coefficient of linear expansion. b. with the lower temperature. c. with the higher temperature. d. with the larger coefficient of linear expansion.

d. Evaporation of moisture from the skin extracts heat from the body.

Which of the following best explains why sweating is important to humans in maintaining suitable body temperature? a. The high specific heat of water on the skin absorbs heat from the body. b.Moisture on the skin increases thermal conductivity, thereby allowing heat to flow out of the body more effectively. c.Functioning of the sweat gland absorbs energy that otherwise would go into heating the body. d. Evaporation of moisture from the skin extracts heat from the body.

c. A person gets a suntan on a beach.

Which one of the following is not an example of convection? a. Spaghetti is cooked in water. b. An eagle soars on an updraft of wind. c. A person gets a suntan on a beach. d. Smoke rises above a fire.

c. Emissivity depends on the surface area of the object.

Which one of the following statements concerning emissivity is false? a. Emissivity is a dimensionless quantity. b. The emissivity is 1.0 for a perfect absorber. c. Emissivity depends on the surface area of the object. d. The emissivity is 1.0 for a perfect absorber.

a. One mole of a substance has the same mass as one mole of any other substance.

Which one of the following statements concerning the mole is false? a. One mole of a substance has the same mass as one mole of any other substance. b. The mole is the SI unit for expressing the "amount" of a substance. c. The mole is related to Avogadro's number. d. One mole of a substance contains the same number of particles as one mole of any other substance.