Plants: Physiology, Growth, & Reproduction

Germination will be less likely to occur.

A diagram of a tomato plant is shown. Which statement best describes what will happen if Organ A becomes infected by a fungal disease called late blight? A. The plant will stop growing. B. Photosynthesis will no longer occur. C. The plant can no longer be fertilized. D. Germination will be less likely to occur.

They are incorrect because self-pollination leads to the fertilization of eggs by sperm.

A student tells you that self-pollination is a form of asexual reproduction in plants. What is the most accurate response? A. They are correct because self-pollination involves only one parent. B. They are correct because self-pollination does not involve meiosis. C. They are incorrect because self-pollination leads to the fertilization of eggs by sperm. D. They are incorrect because self-pollination requires two parents.

eggs and sperm

According to its name, the gametophyte most likely produces what? A. eggs and sperm B. diploid cells C. the ovary D. spores

the fruits and the flowers

An apple tree produces leaves, flowers, and fruits. Which of these are reproductive structures? A. the flowers B. the fruits and the flowers C. the flowers, the fruits, and the leaves D. the fruits

asymmetric distribution of auxin in the root

Banyan trees are plants that begin life in the crown of another tree. Over time, the roots of a banyan tree to grow downward, forming a pseudotrunk around the host plant. This growth response most likely results from which of the following: A. a positive phototropic response B. asymmetric distribution of auxin in the root C. a thigmotropic response D. stimulation of auxin production by light

Yes; plants can store the compounds produced during photosynthesis.

Can plants grow at night? Why or why not? A. No; plants need light to photosynthesize. B. Yes; photosynthesis can continue without light for many hours. C. No; plants require photosynthesis to grow. D. Yes; plants can store the compounds produced during photosynthesis.

anther; stigma

During pollination, a pollen grain travels from the ___ to the ___. A. anther; stigma B. filament; anther C. stigma; style D. anther; ovary

The plant stem will grow upwards toward the sky and the roots will grow downwards.

If a potted plant is turned upside-down, what is the likely result for plant growth? A. The plant stem will grow downwards toward the ground and the roots will grow upwards. B. The stem and roots will both begin to grow in the same direction, upwards toward the sky. C. The plant stem will grow upwards toward the sky and the roots will grow downwards. D. The stem and roots will both begin to grow in the same direction, downwards toward the ground.

potato

In biological terms, many vegetables are fruits. Which of the following vegetables is not a fruit? A. tomato B. bean C. potato D. pumpkin

helpful because the animal digests the fruit but eventually disperses the seeds to a new location

Is it helpful or harmful to a plant species when animals eat their fallen fruits? Why or why not? A. helpful because plants ultimately require organic material that comes from dead animals B. harmful because the animal digests the fruit, which would have grown into a new plant C. helpful because the animal digests the fruit but eventually disperses the seeds to a new location D. harmful because the animal digests the seeds, which would have grown into a new plant

pollen

The male gamete is contained in a plant structure called ________. A. pollen B. fruit C. a stamen D. a seed

female reproductive cells (eggs)

The ovule must contain what? A. female reproductive cells (ovaries) B. female reproductive cells (eggs) C. male reproductive cells (spores) D. male reproductive cells (sperm)

flower

The reproductive organs of flowering plants are contained in the ________. A. fruit B. seed C. flower D. stem

propagation through the removal and replanting of pieces of plants

Vegetative propagation refers to which of the following cases? A. propagation of vegetative plants B. propagation through the production of spores or seeds C. propagation through the removal and replanting of pieces of plants D. propagation of flowering plants

light intensity and light duration

Which characteristic(s) of light vary(ies) the most seasonally? A. light quality and light intensity B. light intensity and light duration C. light quality only D. light duration only

They are all types of sexual reproduction.

Which is not a characteristic of vegetative propagation by means of plant grafting, cuttings, bulbs, and divisions? A. They are all types of vegetative reproduction. B. They are all types of sexual reproduction. C. They all involve one parent plant. D. They can all be done by gardeners.

Sexual plant reproduction results in more genetic variety than asexual reproduction.

Which of the following accurately compares asexual and sexual plant reproduction? A. Asexual reproduction only requires one plant individual and sexual reproduction requires two. B. Sexual reproduction involves sexual structures such as seeds whereas asexual reproduction does not involve the use of seeds. C. Sexual reproduction is more useful to the survival of a plant species than asexual reproduction. D. Sexual plant reproduction results in more genetic variety than asexual reproduction.

pollination precedes fertilization and both are part of sexual reproduction

Which of the following accurately compares pollination and fertilization ________. A. pollination and fertilization happen at the same time and both are part of sexual reproduction B. pollination and fertilization happen in the same anatomical part of the flower C. pollination precedes fertilization and both are part of sexual reproduction D. pollination is part of asexual reproduction and fertilization Is part of sexual reproduction

It leads to offspring that are genetically identical to their parents.

Which of the following describes the result of asexual reproduction? A. It leads to offspring that are genetically identical to their parents. B. It leads to offspring that are a genetic mix of their parents. C. It leads to offspring that are genetically unique from their parents. D. It leads to offspring that are genetically superior to their parents.

the speed of light

Which of the following does not affect plant growth? A. light intensity B. duration of light exposure C. light quality D. the speed of light

fruit

Which of the following does not help pollination to occur? A. birds B. wind C. bees D. fruit

The style is a female structure; the pollen tube is a male structure.

Which of the following includes an accurate similarity and difference between the style and the pollen tube? A. The style is a female structure; the pollen tube is a male structure. B. They are both female structures. C. The pollen tube is a female structure; the style is a male structure. D. They are both male structures.

Plants may either self-pollinate or cross-pollinate.

Which of the following is true about pollination during sexual reproduction? A. Plants may either self-pollinate or cross-pollinate. B. Sexual reproduction involves only cross-pollinating. C. Sexual reproduction involves only self-pollinating. D. Sexual reproduction requires both self-pollination and cross-pollination at the same time.

Male and female structures can be found inside of a single flower at the same time.

Which of the following is true about the reproductive structures of flowering plants? A. Male and female structures are always found on separate plants. B. Male structures are evident in the flower during the male life stage; female structures are evident during the female life stage. C. Flower petals are the female structure and the thin inner stems are the male structures of flowering plants. D. Male and female structures can be found inside of a single flower at the same time.

Pro- useful when sexual partners are scarce; Con- does not produce genetic variety

Which of the following statements accurately contrasts a pro and con of asexual reproduction? A. Pro- produces genetic variety; Con- not useful when sexual partners are scarce B. Pro- produces more genetically "fit" offspring; Con- less effective than sexual reproduction C. Pro- more effective than sexual reproduction; Con- produces less genetically "fit" offspring D. Pro- useful when sexual partners are scarce; Con- does not produce genetic variety

Without gravity, plants cannot sense which direction to grow, causing abnormal growth directions.

Scientists testing the growth of willow tree plants in space found that their direction of growth aboard the International Space Station was random in direction. Why might this be? A. Without reflection from a planetary surface like the Earth's surface, there is insufficient light intensity in space for proper plant growth. B. Wavelengths of sunlight in space are not abundant in the appropriate photosynthetic range for proper plant growth. C. Without gravity, plants cannot sense which direction to grow, causing abnormal growth directions. D. Light duration, or photoperiod, is dramatically different in space compared to Earth's surface, and unable to sustain proper plant growth.

stigma and style

The anther and filament are structurally analogous to which two female structures, respectively? A. stigma and ovary B. stamen and carpel C. pollen and ovule D. stigma and style

the ovary

The fruit develops from which plant structure? A. the ovule B. the embryo sac C. the ovary D. the fertilized egg

anther, stigma, style, ovule

Which of the following structures are directly involved in pollination and fertilization? A. fruit, carpel, stamen B. anther, stigma, style, ovule C. ovary, seed, bulb D. bulb, ovary, ovule, pollen grain

stem

Which of the plant structures listed below is NOT involved in sexual reproduction? A. pollen B. stamen C. stem D. carpel

The hormone auxin has unique effects in different plant structures during gravitropism but the same effect throughout the plant during thigmotropism.

Which statement accurately distinguishes between plant responses to gravity and touch? A. Most plants experience thigmotropism but not gravitropism. B. Gravitropism depends on two hormones: auxin and ethylene. Thigmotropism uses only auxin. C. The hormone auxin has unique effects in different plant structures during gravitropism but the same effect throughout the plant during thigmotropism. D. Thigmotropism pushes plant structures around objects and gravitropism pushes plant structures against gravity.