POLIT CHAP 7

23. In the 2012 presidential elections, Mitt Romney carried almost all of the rural parts of Ohio. Barack Obama, however, won Ohio by a margin of approximately _____ percentage points. a. 3 b. 2 c. 5 d. 7 e. 9

a. 3

64. Exit polls following the 2012 elections showed that 47 percent families with incomes of $200,000 to $250,000 supported _____ . a. Barack Obama b. Mitt Romney c. Hillary Clinton d. Rand Paul e. Sarah Palin

a. Barack Obama

20. In 1948, for the first time ever, the Democrats adopted a(n) _____ plank as part of the party platform at their national convention. a. Civil Rights b. States' Rights c. Environmental Protection d. Anti-Immigration e. Populist

a. Civil Rights

17. The election of 1932 brought Franklin D. Roosevelt to the presidency and the _____ back to power at the national level. a. Democrats b. Republicans c. People's Party d. Reform Party e. Whigs

a. Democrats

40. The first major political division in the United States, between the _____ and the _____, established a precedent that contributed to the domination of the two-party system. a. Federalists; Anti-Federalists b. Whigs; Federalists c. Jeffersonian Republicans; National Republicans d. Populists; Democrats e. Republicans; Democrats

a. Federalists; Anti-Federalists

42. An example of an issue-oriented third party in U.S. history is the _____ Party. a. Free Soil b. Libertarian c. Whig d. Reform e. Bull Moose

a. Free Soil

63. The maximum sum that the federal government can borrow is the a. detb ceiling b. GDP c. national debt d. spending limit e. lending ceiling

a. detb ceiling

34. To _____ describes a solidarity incentive for joining a political party. a. express agreement with the views of other like-minded people b. benefit through better employment c. be allowed to vote d. actively promote a set of ideals and principles e. seek career advancement

a. express agreement with the views of other like-minded people

11. Following the first realignment of American history, the Jeffersonian Republicans dominated politics a. for twenty years. b. until the Civil War. c. for only two elections. d. until the Realignment of 1854. e. until the Great Depression.

a. for twenty years.

46. Most third parties a. have been short-lived. b. focus on the politics of particular regions of the country. c. have focused on a single issue. d. are usually trying to be all things to all people so that they can win elections. e. have avoided taking bold stands on issues.

a. have been short-lived.

31. Primary elections tend to attract a _____ electorate. a. more ideological b. more centrist c. more apathetic d. less partisan e. more independent

a. more ideological

67. Some people join political parties because they wish to actively promote a set of ideals and principles that they feel are important to American politics and society. This is referred to as a/n ______ incentive. a. purposive b. material c. idealistic d. solidarity e. elite

a. purposive

47. When a third party splits the vote, taking electoral victory away from one party and handing it to another, the third party is playing the _____ role. a. spoiler b. progressive c. reformist d. regressive e. ideological

a. spoiler

24. All over the United States during the 2012 presidential elections, the more _____ the county, the more likely it was to vote Democrat. a. urban b. rural c. white d. wealthy e. ideologically divided

a. urban

69. In the 1968 presidential elections, American Independent candidate, George Wallace, won _____ percent of the popular vote and _____ electoral votes. a. 2.4 / 39 b. 13.5 / 46 c. 6.6 / 46 d. 18.9 / zero e. 0.4 / 16

b. 13.5 / 46

8. In the mid-1820s, the Jeffersonian Republicans split into two groups, the _____ and the ______. a. Constitutional Union Party; States' Rights Democrats. b. Democrats; National Republicans. c. Federalists; Whigs. d. American Independent Party; Reform Party. e. Bull Moose Progressive Party; Henry Wallace's Progressive Party.

b. Democrats; National Republicans.

68. In the 1998 elections, many new voters in Minnesota turned out to vote for ______, a Reform Party candidate governor for that state. a. Arnold Schwarzenegger b. Jesse Ventura c. Donald Trump d. Isiah Thomas e. Ralph Nader

b. Jesse Ventura

43. An example of an ideological third party in the United States is the _____ Party. a. Democratic b. Libertarian c. Free Soil d. Prohibition e. Whig

b. Libertarian

19. Until the 1930s, African Americans had been overwhelmingly _____. a. Democratic b. Republican c. Populist d. Socialist e. Libertarian

b. Republican

16. The Great Depression of the 1930s destroyed the belief that the _____ could better manage the economy, and contributed to a realignment in the two-party system. a. Democrats b. Republicans c. Libertarians d. Whigs e. Federalists

b. Republicans

2. A political party is best defined as a. a group of people who promote the public good but differ essentially on the means of promoting that good. b. a group of people who organize to win elections, operate government, and determine policy. c. an institution of rule. d. an organized group of people sharing common objectives, who actively attempt to influence public policy. e. an association formed to develop common standards and goals.

b. a group of people who organize to win elections, operate government, and determine policy.

26. By 2013, 42 percent of the electorate claimed to be independent. This trend is known as _____. a. rolling realignment b. dealignment c. misalignment d. alignment e. realignment

b. dealignment

61. In the 1890s, the Democrats allied themselves with the populist movement, which consisted largely of a. urban workers in the Midwest and East. b. indebted farmers in the West and South. c. African Americans and abolitionists. d. well educated and wealthy merchants. e. wealthy plantation owners in the South

b. indebted farmers in the West and South.

21. In 1964, a coalition of _____ and _____ crafted major civil rights legislation. a. southern Democrats; northern Democrats b. northern Democrats; Republicans c. Populists; Libertarians d. Republicans; Socialists e. southern Republicans; States' Rights Democrats

b. northern Democrats; Republicans

5. The Federalist Party a. argued against ratification of the Constitution. b. supported a strong central government that would encourage the development of commerce and manufacturing. c. believed that the nation's welfare would be best served if the states had more power than the central government. d. generally thought that a republic should be ruled by the "common man." e. was led by Thomas Jefferson.

b. supported a strong central government that would encourage the development of commerce and manufacturing.

33. The largest component of parties, consisting of all the people who describe themselves as Democrat or Republican, is known as a. the party organization. b. the party in the electorate. c. the party in government. d. party identifiers. e. a patronage network

b. the party in the electorate.

39. The United States has a two-party system. This means that a. only two parties nominate candidates to run in general elections. b. the two major parties—the Democrats and the Republicans—dominate national politics. c. third parties may not be formed in this country. d. all voters identify with either the Democratic or Republican parties. e. only candidates of the two major parties can run in presidential elections.

b. the two major parties—the Democrats and the Republicans—dominate national politics.

36. Which of the following statements is accurate? a. Joining a political party to express mutual agreement with the views of friends or other like-minded people describes a purposive incentive for belonging to the party. b. The party precinct is the document drawn up by each party at its national convention that outlines the policies and positions of the party. c. A ward is a local unit of a political party's organization, consisting of a division or district within a city. d. The party ticket is the proof of registration that voters need to show at the polling place before they are allowed to vote. e. Patronage is a system of punishing a party identifier who does not vote for the party's candidate in a presidential election.

c. A ward is a local unit of a political party's organization, consisting of a division or district within a city.

70. One of the most popular conservative political parties in Europe is the a. Religious Liberty Party. b. Christian Majority Party. c. Christian Democratic Party. d. Christian Labor Party. e. Catholic Social Party

c. Christian Democratic Party.

6. After Thomas Jefferson won the presidency and his party won control of Congress, the _____ never returned to power and became the first American political party to go out of existence. a. People's Party b. Whigs c. Federalists d. National Republicans e. Constitutional Union Party

c. Federalists

29. Which of the following statements best describes the way in which political parties perform the function of selecting candidates? a. The political party is usually the major institution through which the executive and legislative branches cooperate with each other. b. Political parties help educate the public about important political issues. c. Political parties narrow the field of candidates through primary elections. d. Political parties are essentially coalitions—alliances of individuals and groups with a variety of concerns and opinions who join together to support the party's platform, or parts of it. e. Political parties take care of a large number of small and routine tasks that are essential to the smooth functioning of the electoral process

c. Political parties narrow the field of candidates through primary elections

14. In the 1890s, the Democrats allied themselves with the _____ movement, which advocated inflation as a way of lessening the debts of farmers in the South and West. a. Green b. Socialist c. Populist d. Tea Party e. Reform

c. Populist

44. An example of a splinter party in U.S. history is the _____ Party. a. Green b. Socialist Labor c. States' Rights (Dixiecrats) d. Free Soil e. Libertarian

c. States' Rights (Dixiecrats)

1. _____ of Americans identify themselves as Republicans. a. Fifteen percent b. Twenty percent c. Twenty-five percent d. Thirty percent e. Forty percent

c. Twenty-five percent

38. Which of the following functions is performed at the national party conventions? a. Managing the grassroots foundation of party supporters b. Directing the work of the national committee c. Writing a party platform d. Helping elect party members to Congress e. Serving as administrative head of the national party

c. Writing a party platform

65. A coalition is best defined as a. all of the citizens eligible to vote in a given election b. all the party's candidates who have won elections and now hold office. c. an alliance of individuals or groups with a variety of interests and opinions who join together to support all or part of a political party's platform. d. a group of individuals who organize to win elections, operate the government, and determine policy. e. a collection of voters who have detached from both political parties.

c. an alliance of individuals or groups with a variety of interests and opinions who join together to support all or part of a political party's platform.

3. The Constitution a. created the two-party system in Article IV. b. delegated to Congress the power to establish political parties in Article II. c. does not mention political parties. d. grants the power to establish political parties to the states in the Tenth Amendment. e. specifies the powers that political parties may exercise in Article V.

c. does not mention political parties.

66. A party member who helps to organize and oversee party functions and planning during and between campaigns is a/n a. party identifier. b. majority party leader. c. party activist. d. elite group e. coalition

c. party activist.

37. The structure of each party's national organization includes four major elements: a. the national convention, the national chairperson, the state central committees, and the congressional campaign committees. b. state party organizations, the state central committees, the national chairperson, and the national committee. c. the national convention, the national committee, the national chairperson, and the congressional campaign committees. d. wards, precincts, state central committees, and the national convention. e. the presidential candidate, the state party chairpersons, the congressional campaign committees, and the delegates.

c. the national convention, the national committee, the national chairperson, and the congressional campaign committees.

48. Some commentators contended that Green Party candidate Ralph Nader "spoiled" the chances of _____ in the 2000 presidential elections, because many of those who voted for Nader would have voted Democratic had Nader not been on the ballot. a. George H. W. Bush b. George W. Bush c. Jesse Ventura d. Al Gore e. H. Ross Perot

d. Al Gore

45. An example of a personality party in the United States is the _____ Party. a. Socialist Labor b. Free Soil c. Republican d. American Independent Party e. Prohibition

d. American Independent Party

13. When the former Confederate states rejoined the Union after the Civil War, the Republicans and the _____ were roughly even in strength. a. Whigs b. Populists c. Federalists d. Democrats e. Libertarians

d. Democrats

59. In alignment with the view among the founders on the topic of political parties, ______ said that the "spirit of the party ... agitates the community with ill-founded jealousies ..... kindles the animosity of one part against the other..." a. Thomas Jefferson b. John Adams c. James Madison d. George Washington e. Andrew Jackson

d. George Washington

18. Franklin Roosevelt's programs to fight the Depression were called the _____. a. Great Society b. War on Poverty c. New Frontier d. New Deal e. Bridge to the New Century

d. New Deal

32. In what way do political parties perform the function of balancing competing interests? a. The political party is usually the major institution through which the executive and legislative branches cooperate with each other. b. Political parties help educate the public about important political issues. c. Political parties take the large number of people who want to run for office and narrow the field. d. Political parties are essentially coalitions—alliances of individuals and groups with a variety of concerns and opinions who join together to support the party's platform, or parts of it. e. Political parties take care of a large number of small and routine tasks that are essential to the smooth functioning of the electoral process.

d. Political parties are essentially coalitions—alliances of individuals and groups with a variety of concerns and opinions who join together to support the party's platform, or parts of it.

60. From the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 until the election of Franklin D. Roosevelt, the _____ was/were the more successful party in presidential politics. a. Democratic Party b. Bull Moose Party c. Progressive Party d. Republican Party e. States' Rights Democrats

d. Republican Party

35. Political parties in the United States a. are composed of tight-knit leadership groups. b. have obligatory membership for citizens who want to get ahead in their careers. c. run a highly corrupt and largely unregulated spoils system. d. are fragmented and decentralized. e. are centrally run and controlled by the national party organization

d. are fragmented and decentralized.

30. In many states, _____ cannot participate in primary elections. a. Democrats b. Republicans c. conservatives d. independents e. liberals

d. independents

28. Exit polls in 2012 showed that families making $100,000 to $200,000 per year were a. more likely to vote for Obama. b. had cosmopolitan attitudes toward civil liberties issues. c. more likely to vote independent. d. more likely to support the Republican party. e. ideologically divided.

d. more likely to support the Republican party.

25. After the 2010 elections, many of the new Republican members of Congress were pledged to the Tea Party philosophy of a. finding common ground with those on the Democratic side to solve national problems. b. breaking political deadlock in Washington. c. moving the Republican party toward more liberal positions. d. no-compromise conservatism. e. reducing the polarization in Congress.

d. no-compromise conservatism.

22. During the 1970s and 1980s, a large bloc of Democrats in Congress, mostly from the South, sided with the Republicans on almost all issues. In time, these conservative Democrats were replaced by conservative Republicans. This shift is best described as a a. partisan rollover. b. roller coaster. c. reassessment. d. rolling realignment. e. dealignment.

d. rolling realignment.

41. Voting for governors takes place on a _____ basis, which hurts third party candidates. a. multi-member district b. proportional c. bi-yearly d. statewide, winner-take-all e. district

d. statewide, winner-take-all

9. The ______Party was formed by a split in the Republican Party when Andrew Jackson was elected president in 1828. a. Reform b. Republican c. Whig d. People's e. Democratic

e. Democratic

10. In the mid1820s, the Republicans split into two groups. The _____, who had the support of small farmers and the growing class of urbanized workers and the ______, who had support of bankers, business owners, and many southern planters. a. Democrats / Republicans b. Jeffersonian Republicans / Whigs c. Federalists / Democrats d. Whigs / Democratic Republicans e. Democrats / Whigs

e. Democrats / Whigs

4. Two major political factions, the _____ and _____, were formed even before the Constitution was ratified. a. Republicans; Democrats b. Populists; States' Rights Democrats c. Whigs; National Republicans d. Free Soilers; Tea Party e. Federalists; Anti-Federalists

e. Federalists; Anti-Federalists

7. _____ is the process by which as substantial number of voters change their political party allegiance to the major parties. a. Factionalization b. Dealignment c. Tipping d. Power shift e. Realignment

e. Realignment

12. By the mid-1850s, most northern Whigs were absorbed into the new _____ Party, which opposed the extension of slavery into new territories. a. Democratic b. Constitutional Union c. Green d. American Independent e. Republican

e. Republican

15. After the election of 1896, the _____ established themselves in the minds of many Americans as the party that knew how to manage the nation's economy. a. Democrats b. States' Rights Democrats c. Libertarians d. Whigs e. Republicans

e. Republicans

62. Each of the following characteristics is a factor in influencing party identification, except a. age b. income c. race d. marital status e. physical health

e. physical health

27. Migration and other demographic trends can make a particular type of voter more numerous, shifting the balance of support between the major political parties. This process is known as _____. a. slanting b. flipping c. misalignment d. turnover e. tipping

e. tipping