Politics Test 1
The pluralist model assumes
All of the above are true.
Under Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act, several states are required to submit redistricting plans to the
Department of Justice
A good contemporary example of a socialist government is found in
Sweden
John Locke's views on government are expressed in
Two Treatises on Government.
The Articles of Confederation failed because
they did not provide an effective means for the government to raise money. they did not include an independent leader to direct the government. they did not give the government the power to regulate commerce.
People often seem inconsistent in their political beliefs because
they may favor government action to promote one value but not another.
According to the text, it is difficult for a country with a market economy to remain _________ in its internal politics.
undemocratic
The idea that all adults within the boundaries of a political community should be allowed to vote is known as
universal participation.
Congressional redistricting occurs once every ____ years.
10
A proponent of states' rights and enumerated powers would be more likely to quote the _________ to the Constitution.
10th amendment
The _________ guaranteed citizenship to all persons, including blacks.
14th
According to the first national census, in 1790, about _________ of the American population lived in slavery.
18%
Which amendment does the text categorize as "disastrous"?
18th
Including the Bill of Rights, __________ amendments have been added to the Constitution.
27
The U.S. Constitution contains about _________ words.
4,300
The _________ Amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures.
4th
The _________ protects against excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishment.
8th
Which metaphor best describes dual federalism?
A layer cake
The Federalist papers were written by
Alexander Hamilton. John Jay. James Madison.
The idea of republicanism may be traced to the philosopher
Aristole
Why do most democracies give power to representatives rather than directly to citizens?
Bringing large numbers of citizens together for discussions and votes is difficult. Decisions may require specialized knowledge not possessed by the average citizen. Discussion of political issues consumes more time than most people are willing to spend.
The framers of the Constitution intended _________ to be the strongest branch(es) of government.
Congress
Whether a political system is "democratic" is chiefly defined by
It cannot be simply defined by any of the above.
Who said that to devise a proper government is "to find a form of association which will defend and protect with the whole common force the person and goods of each associate, and in which each, while uniting himself with all, may still obey himself alone, and remain free as before"?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson's statement that "all men are created equal" is similar to which theorist's belief that government is based on the "consent of the governed"?
John Locke
Which political philosopher inspired the phrase "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" in the Declaration of Independence?
John Locke
Who said that the ultimate principle of the state should be, "from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs"?
Karl Marx
How likely are voters to participate in state and local elections compared with national elections?
Less likely
In 2006, __________ became the first state to require its citizens to buy health insurance or face a penalty.
Massachusetts
Two nations with deep ties to the principle of communism that have moved in the direction of more private property are
Russia and China.
The Tenth Amendment gives what level(s) of government additional unwritten powers?
State
Which document proclaimed, "Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not ... expressly delegated to the United States"?
The Articles of Confederation
Which of the following is not an essential premise of dual federalism?
The Constitution is the creation of the people of the United States.
Which document proclaimed, "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights"?
The Declaration of Indepedence
Which of the following is not a power granted to the president under the Constitution?
The power to declare war
According to the New Jersey Plan, how was representation to be structured in Congress?
There would be one house, and all states would have equal representation in it.
Which of the following statements concerning the framers of the Constitution is correct?
They believed "experience must be our only guide, reason may mislead us."
The Declaration of Independence was based on input from many people, but its primary author was
Thomas Jefferson.
The United States opposed an international court because
U.S. soldiers stationed abroad might be arrested and tried in an international court.
Federalism is a combination of which two ideas?
Unitary government and a confederation
An example of a government policy that promotes social equality without redistributing income is
Vermont's civil unions.
A group of delegates to the Constitutional Convention proposed a powerful national government to replace the weak confederation of states. This was known as the
Virginia Plan
A confederation can best be described as
a loose association of independent states.
A key component of the Virginia Plan was
a strong national legislature.
According to pluralist theory, group struggle is democratic if
all groups are allowed to participate.
Government policies aimed at redistributing wealth
are strongly favored by communists.
During the early nineteenth century administration of James Monroe, Americans disagreed whether it was a proper function of government to
build interstate roads.
In a totalitarian regime, there is a general desire for the government to control
business. labor. education. religion.
Formula grants and project grants are both types of _________ grants.
categorical
The power of the president to veto laws is an example of
checks and balances
Under separation of powers, the U.S. system keeps power among branches balanced by enabling one branch to counter the actions of another by the use of
checks and balances
The original draft of the Declaration of Independence
condemned the king's support of the slave trade.
Those who support elite theory claim that the United States is governed by a relatively small class of people whose power is based on
control of wealth and corporations.
The use of highway construction funds has been an effective means to promote
cooperative federalism
With the collapse of Communism came the end of strict social order, and respondents of a 2009 survey in nine former Communist countries in Eastern Europe said that __________ were among their top national problems.
crime and illegal drugs
A politician who appeals to and often deceives the masses by manipulating their emotions and prejudices is a(n)
demagogue.
The Great Depression represented a shift away from __________ and toward __________.
dual federalism; cooperative federalism
Examples of public goods are
education, sanitation, and parks.
Liberals are more likely to favor generous government support for
education. housing. public transportation. a whole range of social programs.
A constitutional clause that allows for a broad interpretation of implied powers is known as a(n) __________ clause.
elastic
The "necessary and proper" clause of Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution is an example of a(n) "__________ clause."
elastic
When one person has the same chance to succeed in life as another, this is called
equality of opportunity.
A central question in the McCulloch case was whether or not Congress had the power to
establish a national bank
Social order is usually defined as
established patterns of authority and traditional modes of behavior.
Conservatives strongly favor
firm police action and swift punishment for criminals. traditional patterns of social relations. less government regulation of business.
Unless they are impeached, federal judges serve
for life
Franklin Roosevelt's four freedoms included all of the following except
freedom from inequality.
Americans tend to define democracy in terms of
freedoms, rights, or liberties.
Equality of outcome is often said to be similar to the concept of
government-supported rights.
A notable trend in the backgrounds of recent presidents is experience as a
governor
The three-fifths formula that was used in regard to representation in the House
had been used in 1783 under the Articles to allocate government costs among the states.
Although many countries openly advocate "rule by the people," much disagreement remains over
how "the people" is defined, and how those individuals should rule.
A power not specifically mentioned in the Constitution but necessary if another specific grant of power is to be carried out is called a(n) _________ power.
implied
When the authors say that we live in an era of "globalization," they mean that citizens and nations are increasingly
interdependent.
Although they are instruments of majoritarian democracy, initiatives are often sponsored by
interest groups
In order to understand political ideology, we must look at both the scope of governmental action and
its purpose
A libertarian is likely to believe
laws should not define the minimum drinking age. marijuana should not be criminalized. helping the needy should be a matter of individual choice. government should not own and control industry.
Article I of the Constitution refers to the
legislative branch
The broad, basic definition of government given by the text is
legitimate use of force within specified geographic boundaries to control human behavior.
Compared with people in other Western countries, Americans are _________ to choose equality over freedom.
less likely
The "unalienable rights" identified by the Declaration of Independence are
life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
According to John Locke, the fundamental purpose of government is the protection of
life. liberty. property.
The oldest objective of government is
maintaining order
An autocracy is a political system ruled by
one individual
In general, libertarianism
opposes all government action except that which protects life and property.
According to Thomas Hobbes, author of Leviathan, the proper objective of government is to ensure
order.
The text suggests that the United States fulfills the ________ model quite well.
pluralist
Government's authority to maintain order is known as its _________ power.
police
Each citizen having one vote demonstrates
political equality.
A consistent set of values and beliefs about the proper purpose and scope of government is a(n)
politically idealogy
The process of redrawing boundaries for electoral jurisdictions is known as
redistricting
Republicanism is a form of government in which power
resides in the people and is exercised by their elected representatives.
A republic is a government
resting on the consent of the governed through their representatives.
Originally, the Constitutional Convention's purpose was to
revise the Articles of Confederation.
The idea that the people agree to establish rulers for certain purposes, but they have the right to resist or remove rulers who violate those purposes, is also known as
social contract theory.
Western Europe's experience with democratic socialism demonstrates that
socialism can be practiced along with personal freedoms and democratic participation.
The state of nature refers to
society without government.
The Daughters of Liberty opposed British rule by
spinning their own cloth and using colonial products rather than buying imported British products.
The lines that define congressional districts are usually drawn by
state legislatures
Suppose a majority of Congress passes a law to permit organized prayer in public schools and the Supreme Court declares that the Constitution forbids this rule; this would be an example of
substantive democracy.
A major event that led to greater British taxation of American colonies was
the Seven Years' War.
An example of a totalitarian government is the government of
the Soviet Union under Stalin.
A result of the Second Continental Congress was
the adoption of the Declaration of Independence.
The broad, basic definition of politics given by the text is
the authoritative allocation of values for a society.
The power to coin money belongs to __________ and the power to grant divorces belongs to _________.
the federal government; the states
The ancient Greeks classified governments as autocracies, oligarchies, or democracies based on
the number of citizens involved in governing.
Home rule is
the right of municipal governments to enact their own legislation in certain administrative areas.
The basic premise of federalism is that
two or more governments share power and authority over the same land and people.
Federalism, or the division of power between a national government and regional units, stands in contrast to
unitary government
Public opinion polls show that a majority of Americans
want the wealthier taxed more.