Politics Test 1

The pluralist model assumes

All of the above are true.

Under Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act, several states are required to submit redistricting plans to the

Department of Justice

A good contemporary example of a socialist government is found in

Sweden

John Locke's views on government are expressed in

Two Treatises on Government.

The Articles of Confederation failed because

they did not provide an effective means for the government to raise money. they did not include an independent leader to direct the government. they did not give the government the power to regulate commerce.

People often seem inconsistent in their political beliefs because

they may favor government action to promote one value but not another.

According to the text, it is difficult for a country with a market economy to remain _________ in its internal politics.

undemocratic

The idea that all adults within the boundaries of a political community should be allowed to vote is known as

universal participation.

Congressional redistricting occurs once every ____ years.

10

A proponent of states' rights and enumerated powers would be more likely to quote the _________ to the Constitution.

10th amendment

The _________ guaranteed citizenship to all persons, including blacks.

14th

According to the first national census, in 1790, about _________ of the American population lived in slavery.

18%

Which amendment does the text categorize as "disastrous"?

18th

Including the Bill of Rights, __________ amendments have been added to the Constitution.

27

The U.S. Constitution contains about _________ words.

4,300

The _________ Amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures.

4th

The _________ protects against excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishment.

8th

Which metaphor best describes dual federalism?

A layer cake

The Federalist papers were written by

Alexander Hamilton. John Jay. James Madison.

The idea of republicanism may be traced to the philosopher

Aristole

Why do most democracies give power to representatives rather than directly to citizens?

Bringing large numbers of citizens together for discussions and votes is difficult. Decisions may require specialized knowledge not possessed by the average citizen. Discussion of political issues consumes more time than most people are willing to spend.

The framers of the Constitution intended _________ to be the strongest branch(es) of government.

Congress

Whether a political system is "democratic" is chiefly defined by

It cannot be simply defined by any of the above.

Who said that to devise a proper government is "to find a form of association which will defend and protect with the whole common force the person and goods of each associate, and in which each, while uniting himself with all, may still obey himself alone, and remain free as before"?

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson's statement that "all men are created equal" is similar to which theorist's belief that government is based on the "consent of the governed"?

John Locke

Which political philosopher inspired the phrase "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" in the Declaration of Independence?

John Locke

Who said that the ultimate principle of the state should be, "from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs"?

Karl Marx

How likely are voters to participate in state and local elections compared with national elections?

Less likely

In 2006, __________ became the first state to require its citizens to buy health insurance or face a penalty.

Massachusetts

Two nations with deep ties to the principle of communism that have moved in the direction of more private property are

Russia and China.

The Tenth Amendment gives what level(s) of government additional unwritten powers?

State

Which document proclaimed, "Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not ... expressly delegated to the United States"?

The Articles of Confederation

Which of the following is not an essential premise of dual federalism?

The Constitution is the creation of the people of the United States.

Which document proclaimed, "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights"?

The Declaration of Indepedence

Which of the following is not a power granted to the president under the Constitution?

The power to declare war

According to the New Jersey Plan, how was representation to be structured in Congress?

There would be one house, and all states would have equal representation in it.

Which of the following statements concerning the framers of the Constitution is correct?

They believed "experience must be our only guide, reason may mislead us."

The Declaration of Independence was based on input from many people, but its primary author was

Thomas Jefferson.

The United States opposed an international court because

U.S. soldiers stationed abroad might be arrested and tried in an international court.

Federalism is a combination of which two ideas?

Unitary government and a confederation

An example of a government policy that promotes social equality without redistributing income is

Vermont's civil unions.

A group of delegates to the Constitutional Convention proposed a powerful national government to replace the weak confederation of states. This was known as the

Virginia Plan

A confederation can best be described as

a loose association of independent states.

A key component of the Virginia Plan was

a strong national legislature.

According to pluralist theory, group struggle is democratic if

all groups are allowed to participate.

Government policies aimed at redistributing wealth

are strongly favored by communists.

During the early nineteenth century administration of James Monroe, Americans disagreed whether it was a proper function of government to

build interstate roads.

In a totalitarian regime, there is a general desire for the government to control

business. labor. education. religion.

Formula grants and project grants are both types of _________ grants.

categorical

The power of the president to veto laws is an example of

checks and balances

Under separation of powers, the U.S. system keeps power among branches balanced by enabling one branch to counter the actions of another by the use of

checks and balances

The original draft of the Declaration of Independence

condemned the king's support of the slave trade.

Those who support elite theory claim that the United States is governed by a relatively small class of people whose power is based on

control of wealth and corporations.

The use of highway construction funds has been an effective means to promote

cooperative federalism

With the collapse of Communism came the end of strict social order, and respondents of a 2009 survey in nine former Communist countries in Eastern Europe said that __________ were among their top national problems.

crime and illegal drugs

A politician who appeals to and often deceives the masses by manipulating their emotions and prejudices is a(n)

demagogue.

The Great Depression represented a shift away from __________ and toward __________.

dual federalism; cooperative federalism

Examples of public goods are

education, sanitation, and parks.

Liberals are more likely to favor generous government support for

education. housing. public transportation. a whole range of social programs.

A constitutional clause that allows for a broad interpretation of implied powers is known as a(n) __________ clause.

elastic

The "necessary and proper" clause of Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution is an example of a(n) "__________ clause."

elastic

When one person has the same chance to succeed in life as another, this is called

equality of opportunity.

A central question in the McCulloch case was whether or not Congress had the power to

establish a national bank

Social order is usually defined as

established patterns of authority and traditional modes of behavior.

Conservatives strongly favor

firm police action and swift punishment for criminals. traditional patterns of social relations. less government regulation of business.

Unless they are impeached, federal judges serve

for life

Franklin Roosevelt's four freedoms included all of the following except

freedom from inequality.

Americans tend to define democracy in terms of

freedoms, rights, or liberties.

Equality of outcome is often said to be similar to the concept of

government-supported rights.

A notable trend in the backgrounds of recent presidents is experience as a

governor

The three-fifths formula that was used in regard to representation in the House

had been used in 1783 under the Articles to allocate government costs among the states.

Although many countries openly advocate "rule by the people," much disagreement remains over

how "the people" is defined, and how those individuals should rule.

A power not specifically mentioned in the Constitution but necessary if another specific grant of power is to be carried out is called a(n) _________ power.

implied

When the authors say that we live in an era of "globalization," they mean that citizens and nations are increasingly

interdependent.

Although they are instruments of majoritarian democracy, initiatives are often sponsored by

interest groups

In order to understand political ideology, we must look at both the scope of governmental action and

its purpose

A libertarian is likely to believe

laws should not define the minimum drinking age. marijuana should not be criminalized. helping the needy should be a matter of individual choice. government should not own and control industry.

Article I of the Constitution refers to the

legislative branch

The broad, basic definition of government given by the text is

legitimate use of force within specified geographic boundaries to control human behavior.

Compared with people in other Western countries, Americans are _________ to choose equality over freedom.

less likely

The "unalienable rights" identified by the Declaration of Independence are

life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

According to John Locke, the fundamental purpose of government is the protection of

life. liberty. property.

The oldest objective of government is

maintaining order

An autocracy is a political system ruled by

one individual

In general, libertarianism

opposes all government action except that which protects life and property.

According to Thomas Hobbes, author of Leviathan, the proper objective of government is to ensure

order.

The text suggests that the United States fulfills the ________ model quite well.

pluralist

Government's authority to maintain order is known as its _________ power.

police

Each citizen having one vote demonstrates

political equality.

A consistent set of values and beliefs about the proper purpose and scope of government is a(n)

politically idealogy

The process of redrawing boundaries for electoral jurisdictions is known as

redistricting

Republicanism is a form of government in which power

resides in the people and is exercised by their elected representatives.

A republic is a government

resting on the consent of the governed through their representatives.

Originally, the Constitutional Convention's purpose was to

revise the Articles of Confederation.

The idea that the people agree to establish rulers for certain purposes, but they have the right to resist or remove rulers who violate those purposes, is also known as

social contract theory.

Western Europe's experience with democratic socialism demonstrates that

socialism can be practiced along with personal freedoms and democratic participation.

The state of nature refers to

society without government.

The Daughters of Liberty opposed British rule by

spinning their own cloth and using colonial products rather than buying imported British products.

The lines that define congressional districts are usually drawn by

state legislatures

Suppose a majority of Congress passes a law to permit organized prayer in public schools and the Supreme Court declares that the Constitution forbids this rule; this would be an example of

substantive democracy.

A major event that led to greater British taxation of American colonies was

the Seven Years' War.

An example of a totalitarian government is the government of

the Soviet Union under Stalin.

A result of the Second Continental Congress was

the adoption of the Declaration of Independence.

The broad, basic definition of politics given by the text is

the authoritative allocation of values for a society.

The power to coin money belongs to __________ and the power to grant divorces belongs to _________.

the federal government; the states

The ancient Greeks classified governments as autocracies, oligarchies, or democracies based on

the number of citizens involved in governing.

Home rule is

the right of municipal governments to enact their own legislation in certain administrative areas.

The basic premise of federalism is that

two or more governments share power and authority over the same land and people.

Federalism, or the division of power between a national government and regional units, stands in contrast to

unitary government

Public opinion polls show that a majority of Americans

want the wealthier taxed more.