POLS 1000 Exam 4 Review

In an attempt to make the black codes unconstitutional the __ amendment was passed which stated in part that no state could deprive any person of life liberty or property without due process of the law or deny any person equal protection of the law

14th

The 19th amendment, giving white women the right to vote was passed in what year?

1920

The black panther party was founded by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale in Oakland California in

1966

How many women currently sit on the Supreme Court?

3

There are more than __ indian reserves in the united states

300

How many times has the congress declared war

5 times

The United States spends how much on its military

711 billion

What is the lemon test

A 3 part test created by the Supreme Court for examining constitutionality of religious establishment issues

What is the definition of affirmative action

A policy of creating opportunities for members of certain groups as a substantive remedy for past discrimination

Which of the following statements best describes the constitutional right to privacy

A right to privacy is not spelled out clearly in the constitution but many people argue that the right is implied

The term "judicial __" refers to the view that courts should be lawmaking policy making bodies

Activism

Who was rosa parks

An African American civil rights activist. Part of the bus boycott in 1955

The impact of the pleasure v. Ferguson decision was to

Authorize the segregation of whites and blacks

The 1848 convention in Seneca falls New York signified the

Birth of the women's rights movement

In a comparison of the treatment of blacks and whites in the American justice system

Blacks are more likely to be arrested more likely to go to jail and get harsher sentences than whites

The 14th amendment attempted to guarantee what to former slaves

Citizenship rights

__ law regulates relations between individuals

Civil

The legal system that is applied uniformly and based on the accumulated rulings of judges over time is called the __ law tradition

Common

__ law establishes the basic powers of and limitations on governmental institutions and the interrelationship of governmental institutions.

Constitutional

Strict constructionists argue that there is no

Constitutionally protected right to privacy

__ prohibit specific behavior that the government believes to be harmful to the public; violation can lead to incarceration.

Criminal laws

In which country did Robert Williams first receive political asylum

Cuba

The USA patriot act enhances the government's ability to do what

Curtail specific search and seizure restrictions. -to spy -go through records -imprison without trial

__ discrimination arises from or is supported by law

De jure

Today the United States is the only western country to use which of the following to punish a crime?

Death penalty

While women have achieved a level of formal equality

Discrimination remains in the workplace and women are underrepresented in many areas of employment

Most Supreme Court justices have come from which type of background?

Elite white male Christian

What do proponents of the Guantanamo Bay detention facility call it's prisoners

Enemy combatants

The significance of Marbury v. Madison is that it

Established judicial review

In 2008 and 2010 the Supreme Court ruled that the second amendment

Establishes an individual right to bear arms

Who was the Chicago black panther party leader murdered by police on December 4, 1969

Fred Hampton

Women gained the right to vote by strategy of

Gaining the right to vote in states where they had support and expanding their support over time

Who was found guilty murdering the black teenager trayvon martin?

George Zimmerman

Who was the black panther party member who served 27 years in prison for a murder the FBI knew that he didn't commit

Geronimo Pratt

The right of an accused to be brought before a judge and informed of the charges and evidence against him or her is known as

Habeas corpus

What is the double jeopardy clause

It protects individuals from being tried two times for the same offense in the same jurisdiction

The 13th amendment bans slavery. When was it passed

January 31st, 1865

Which group received government reparations for world war 2 mistreatment?

Japanese Americans

What was the supreme court's decision in Lawrence v. Texas (2003)

Laws against sodomy between consenting adults in private are unconstitutional. (Against gays and lesbians)

What were black codes

Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves

Statistics demonstrate that Hispanics and African Americans earn

Less money than whites with the same level of education

Written defamation of character is known as

Libel

What is the difference between libel and slander

Libel is written defamatory statements, slander is a spoken defamatory statement

Who was the leading black nationalist leader of the 20th century

Marcus Garvey

How many times has the president deployed troops overseas

More than 125 times

Which of the following statements is true about the dual court system?

Most cases are heard in the state courts

One effect of casino gambling on reservations is that

Native Americans have achieved new financial prosperity by parlaying their status as semi-sovereign nations

The tax levied as a requirement for voting was the __ tax

Poll

Because of Chief Justice John marshall's ruling in Marbury v. Madison the

Power of the court vastly increased

Robert Williams fought against all of the following except

Racial integration

What did Jim Crow laws mandate

Racial segregation

__ refers to institutionalized power inequalities in society that are based on perceptions of racial differences

Racism

James Madison believed that individual citizens could not always be trusted to make decisions to control government and that the United States should set up a __ a government in which decisions are made through representatives of the people

Republic

Jim Crow laws were significant because they

Restricted rights of African Americans even after the passage of the 14th and 15th amendments

The power of the courts to determine the constitutionality of laws is called judicial

Review

What are habeas corpus rights

Right that prisoners have a right to know what charges are being made against them

Miranda rights include the right to which of the following

Right to an attorney, counsel, and to remain silent

Who led the Monroe NC branch of the NAACP during the 1950's

Robert Williams

Which Supreme Court case give women the right to have an abortion

Roe v. Wade (1973)

In brown v. Board of education the Supreme Court ruled unanimously that

Segregated schools were inherently unequal because the very fact of segregation made blacks feel unequal

__ describes the process of applying the bill of rights to the states on a case by case basis

Selective incorporation

The major impact of the brown v. Board of education decision was that it

Served as a catalyst for the civil rights movement

Laws whose actual content defines what we can and cannot legally do are __ laws.

Substantive

The rule of four refers to the number of

Supreme Court justices who must agree to grant a case certiorari in order for the case to be heard

The difference between civil rights and civil liberties is

That civil rights involve government action to secure rights of citizenship while civil liberties involve individual freedoms that limit the power of government

The establishment clause guarantees

That government will not create and support an official state church

What did the Supreme Court decide in korematsu v. United States (1944)

The need to protect against espionage outweighed man's rights

What happened to the Japanese Americans during world war 2

They were imprisoned in internment camps

The founders purposely left the powers of the courts ambiguous

To make it easier to ratify the constitution

Who was the most important black founder of the NAACP

W.E.B Du Bois

What was the primary focus at the 1848 Seneca falls convention

Women's rights