Population Ecology

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what happens in a population with exponential growth?

K has not been reached, growth is only limited by the reproductive speed of the species

what are survivorship curves?

a graph that shows the mortality rate in a population

what is a population?

a group of organisms in an area that are able to reproduce together and belong in the same species

describe a type 3 survivorship curve

a large percentage of the young die fast but if they survive until maturity they live for a long time, organisms reproduce fast

what are the types of dispersion that can occur among populations?

clumped, uniform, random

what are life tables used for?

comparing the chances of survival of various ages and genders in a population

what does population ecology study?

composition of populations

what are the environmental factors that influence population growth?

density-independent and density-dependent factors

what are examples of species that have uniform distribution?

desert plants, territorial organisms (lions)

what are density-dependent factors and some examples?

factors that have a greater effect when population density is higher ex: food source, space

what are examples of organisms with type 1 survivorship curves?

humans, large mammals like lions or bears

how can the number of number of individuals change in a population (increase or decrease)?

immigration increases the population emigration decreases the population birth rate increases the population death rate decreases the population

what are examples of organisms with type 2 survivorship curves?

mice, rats, ladybugs, bearded lizards, spiders

describe random distribution

organisms are dispersed randomly

describe uniform distribution

organisms are evenly spread out, resources are scarce and must be divided up

describe a type 2 survivorship curve

organisms have an equal chance of dying at any age

describe a type 1 survivorship curve

organisms reach maturity in large numbers, they survive to old age and die in old age, take care of their young and reproduce slowly

describe clumped distribution

organisms that live in packs, flocks, herds, or schools

what are examples of species that have clumped distribution?

packs of wolves, flocks of geese, schools of fish

what are density-independent factors and some examples?

regardless of density these factors affect individuals to the same extent ex: volcanic eruption, hurricane

what are techniques used to study how many individuals are in a population?

sampling, counting, catching, and marking individuals

what is K selection?

species reproduce slowly, take care of their young

what is r selection?

species reproduce very fast but many die at a young age

what is carrying capacity?

the number of individuals the environment can support in a given area at a given time

what is population density?

the number of organisms in a given area or volume

what happens in a population with logistical growth?

the population reached the K and environmental conditions determine their growth rate

what are examples of organisms with type 3 survivorship curves?

trees, clownfish, frogs

what are examples of species that have random distribution?

wind blown seeds


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