PR: 28.6A REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY

During menses, which of the following hormones is/are at high levels?

Estrogen and progesterone Follicle-stimulating hormone Lutenizing hormone

Define ovarian cycle.

Events occurring monthly in the female ovary

Define menstrual cycle.

Events occurring monthly within the non-pregnant female uterus

Rising levels of the hormone ______ stimulates secretion of gonadotropins and sex hormones to trigger the onset of puberty.

GnRH

What hormone is at its highest levels AFTER ovulation occurs?

Progesterone

What hormone shows increased secretion during the secretory phase?

Progesterone

During which phase are LH, FSH and estrogen secreted and the endometrium thickens?

Proliferative phase

What occurs during the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle? Select all that apply.

Spiral glands form in the functional layer. Spiral arteries are dilated. Epithelial cells rapidly divide.

The development and function of the female reproductive system is dependent on ______.

hormonal and neural control

In young girls, the first sloughing of the uterine lining is called

menarche

The process of ______ that occurs about day 14 of the ovarian cycle includes the rupturing of the mature follicle and the release of its oocyte and surrounding cells.

ovulation

During the ______ phase of the uterine cycle, the spiral glands release a glycogen-rich fluid and the endometrial and myometrial cells hypertrophy.

secretory

During which phase does progesterone secretion peak?

secretory phase

During the proliferative phase, the secretion of what hormone(s) is/are increased? Select all that apply.

Estrogen LH FSH

Name the phase in which the follicles develop.

Follicular phase

Identify the portion of the menstrual cycle in which estrogen, progesterone levels are the lowest.

Menses

Which of the following structures release hormones to control the ovarian cycle? Select all that apply.

Pituitary Hypothalamus

Describe the process that triggers the onset of puberty.

Rising levels of the hormone GnRH stimulate secretion of gonadotropins and sex hormones to trigger the onset of puberty.

Identify the phases of the menstrual cycle. Select all that apply.

Secretory phase Menses Proliferative phase

What is the function of the spiral glands during the secretory phase of the uterine cycle?

They secrete a glycogen-rich fluid to nourish endometrial cells.

True or False: The luteal phase of the ovarian cycle begins just after ovulation.

True

The secretion LH causes _____. Select all that apply.

corpus luteum formation ovulation

True or False: Female reproduction is under the control of the nervous system but not the endocrine system.

false

True or false: Estrogen's primary role is to trigger the release of the ovum from the follicle.

false

The phase of the ovarian cycle that extends from ovulation to the start of menstruation is the _____ phase.

luteal

Events that occur during the ovarian cycle include the ______. Select all that apply.

luteal phase ovulation follicular phase

The hormone that causes ovulation, corpus luteum formation, and the secretion of androgens by theca interna cells is Blank 1 of 1 hormone.

luteinizing

The hypothalamus and the pituitary gland release hormones to control the events of the Blank 1 of 1 cycle.

ovarian

The series of monthly changes that occur within the female gonads are referred to as the ______.

ovarian

The hormone that is at its highest level during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle is

progesterone

In the ovarian cycle, the growth and development of follicles occurs during the Blank 1 of 1 phase.

proliferative

The spiral glands develop during the _____ phase of the uterine cycle.

proliferative

The effects of estrogen are ______. Select all that apply.

upregulation of LH receptors in developing follicle positive feedback on LH and FSH secretion inhibition of GnRH release