Praxis CIA Form #2
Options (A) and (B) are correct. The question requires knowledge of strategies to help students understand proportional relationships. Option (A) helps students make sense of the context and find the solution in a very concrete way. Option (B) helps students' reasoning on the number of red and blue marbles and how to start making a connection with proportional reasoning in a more abstract way.
In a bag of red and blue marbles, there is 1 red marble for every 2 blue marbles. The bag contains 16 blue marbles. How many red marbles does the bag contain? A group of students who have not previously studied proportions are working on the problem shown. Which TWO of the following strategies will enable the students to solve this problem and build an understanding of proportional reasoning? A. Drawing a picture of 16 blue marbles arranged in groups of 2, drawing 1 red marble for each group of blue marbles, and then counting the red marbles B. Generating a table with pairs of possible numbers of red and blue marbles and verifying that the ratio between the number of red and the number of blue marbles in each pair is equivalent to 12 C. Setting a proportion 12=R16, where R is the number of red marbles, and then teaching how to solve for R D. Showing students that for every 3 marbles, 2 are blue and 1 is red, therefore 23 of the marbles in the bag must be blue and 13 must be red
Stored energy and motion energy The stored (elastic) energy in the inflated balloon is transformed into motion energy when the air flows out of the balloon, propelling the toy car in the opposite direction.
In a hands-on activity, students investigate the use of an inflated balloon as a power source. The students use different amounts of air to inflate a balloon attached to a toy car. The students then record the distance that the toy car travels across a flat surface when the air is allowed to escape from the balloon. Based on the information provided, the hands-on activity best promotes an understanding of the relationship between which of the following concepts?
Listening Attending to a speaker and waiting for an appropriate time to ask a question are listening skills.
In preparation for a guest speaker, a third-grade teacher creates a checklist for the class with guidelines on how to attend to a speaker and wait for their appropriate turn when they want to ask a question. Which of the following skills does the checklist primarily address?
An excerpt from a soldier's diary
A fifth-grade class is identifying primary sources for a unit on the American Civil War. Which of the following is an appropriate primary source for the activity?
Prime numbers
A fifth-grade math teacher uses the directions above as a class starter to reinforce a lesson previously introduced. Which of the following best describes the content being addressed by the lesson?
Stanzas, acts, chapters
A fourth-grade class has just completed a study of the differences among the genres of literature. Which of the following sets of terms best describes the organizational features of poems, plays, and novels, respectively?
Reviewing the lesson on finding common denominators during the next class
A teacher noticed that many students were struggling with finding common denominators during a formative assessment on adding fractions. Which of the following will best address this issue?
"Yes, good predictions in reading and science include reasons or evidence." Prediction, the stating of a future outcome based on evidence, is an important skill in both literacy and science.
During a science activity, a student asks the teacher, "Are good scientific predictions like when we read a story and make a guess about what will happen next based on what we already know?" Which of the following responses best addresses the student's question?
Think aloud
Mr. Vetter reads a text on sea life to the class. After reading a sentence stating that whales breathe air, he stops and says, "That's strange, I thought only mammals breathe air. Does that mean that a whale is a mammal? I think I'll keep reading and find out." Which of the following instructional strategies is Mr. Vetter using to build students' comprehension skills?
Having students investigate the characteristics of the Sun and the Moon
Several fourth-grade students describe the Moon as "a star that gives off its own light at night." Which of the following actions by the teacher will best address the students' misconception?
Using two-sided colored counters to model selected problems
Through observation and classroom discussion, a sixth-grade math teacher discovers that several students are having difficulty adding integers. Which of the following will most likely help students understand this concept?
Asking students to use the observable features of pill bugs to test the hypothesis that pill bugs are crustaceans
Which of the following is the most effective way to assess students' understanding of the scientific method?
What I just read reminds me of . .
Which of the following sentence starters is most likely to help students make text-to-text connections within the books they are reading?
The teacher would break students into groups and have them study maps showing rainfall from different regions. The question would encourage students to understand that breaking students into groups and assigning climate maps showing rainfall is a method of helping students use appropriate materials for teaching this topic.
Which of the following statements best describes an activity a teacher would use while teaching a unit on global weather patterns?
Alonzo is drawing a picture with stars in which he has 3 rows of stars with 4 stars in each row. How many stars will he need to draw altogether?
Which of the following word problems is best to use to introduce multiplication of whole numbers to students?
Applying properties of equality The question requires knowledge of strategies for solving linear equations. In the second and third equations, the student added different numbers to each side of the equation, violating the addition property of equality. In the first and fourth equations, the student multiplied each side of the equation by different numbers, violating the multiplication property of equality.
5x=20 x=100 x-2=5 x=3 A student's work for solving four equations is shown. Which of the following is best for a teacher to have the student review?
Operations within parentheses must be performed first.
8/(4-1)=2-1=1 The work shown is from a student's homework assignment. The student is most likely struggling with which of the following rules for the order of operations?
Linking likelihood that an event will occur with probability The question requires understanding how to design instruction to help students know how to link probability to the likelihood that an event will occur. The problem does not focus on how to compute a probability, but only on characterizing the likelihood of an event occurring.
A fair, six-sided number cube has each face labeled with a different number from 1 through 6. The face with the number 3 is relabeled with a 2. How is the likelihood of rolling the cube and getting a number less than 3 affected by the relabeling? (A) Increases the likelihood (B) Decreases the likelihood (C) Does not change the likelihood A teacher uses the question above for a class discussion. Which of the following is best for the teacher to address with this question?
A government Web site presenting census data The question would allow students to determine the importance of primary sources and use a census to find accurate information about a state's demographics.
A fifth-grade class is looking for resources to research the changing demographics in their state. Which of the following would be the best source for a teacher to suggest they use?
Students would learn the impact of government regulation on private business activity.
A fifth-grade teacher designs a simulation in which students create their own businesses. During the simulation, students must research the guidelines the government would require their businesses to follow along with any associated costs for following those respective guidelines. Which of the following would most likely result from the simulation?
Options (B), (C), and (D) are correct. Me-tal-lic (metallic), wa-ter-mel-on (watermelon), and sta-bi-liz-er (stabilizer) are correctly divided into syllables and therefore are appropriate words for the teacher to use for student instruction on syllabication rules.
A fifth-grade teacher provides direct instruction on applying syllabication rules as a word-learning strategy. The teacher creates a list of words divided into syllables to use as examples to demonstrate the skill to students. Which THREE of the following words correctly illustrate the strategy? A. bic-y-cle (bicycle) B. me-tal-lic (metallic) C. wa-ter-mel-on (watermelon) D. sta-bi-liz-er (stabilizer) E. bac-on (bacon)
Lesson I: model equivalence with fraction strips; Lesson II: develop procedure, then work on practice problems The question requires knowing how to sequence lessons within a curriculum. It is best to introduce the topic of equivalent fractions by first allowing students to discover the concept of equivalence on their own with fraction strips and then having them use their newfound understanding to construct with the teacher a procedure for generating equivalent fractions.
A fourth-grade teacher is planning two lessons for introducing the concept of equivalent fractions. In these lessons, the teacher plans to have students develop a procedure for generating fractions equivalent to a given fraction and work on practice problems in groups. The students will also utilize fraction strips to model equivalence of various pairs of fractions whose denominators are factors of 12. Which of the following is the best way in which to sequence the activities within the two lessons?
supporting their comprehension of content-area texts and concepts Providing students with frequent exposure to new vocabulary and opportunities to use new vocabulary in a variety of meaningful contexts promotes their understanding of both the words and texts that use the words in context.
A fourth-grade teacher regularly integrates content-area math and science vocabulary into language arts lessons and activities. The practice primarily benefits students by
Encouraging students to evaluate a speaker's point of view
A fourth-grade teacher shows students three articles about the lunch served in a school cafeteria. Each one was written by a different person: the school cafeteria manager, a student, and a parent in the community. After reading the articles, the teacher asks students to share their thoughts about what they read, and then the teacher summarizes the key points from each article on the whiteboard. Which of the following is most likely the teacher's goal for the activity? a. giving students an opportunity to collaborate as whole group b. encouraging students to evaluate a speakers point of view c. showing students how to search for relevant evidence in a text d. having students identify appropriate writing techniques for various audiences
Discovering the volume formula of a pyramid as it relates to a prism
A math teacher plans a lesson in which students will use the nets shown to create figures with one open face. The figures, a prism and a pyramid, will have square bases of equal area, and each figure will have the same height. The teacher then has the students fill the pyramid with sand and pour it into the prism. Which of the following is most likely the purpose of the lesson?
The student did not correctly record the tens after decomposing a ten into ones.
A second-grade student has made the following error in subtracting multidigit numbers. Which of the following is most likely the cause of the student's error?
Shared writing During shared writing, the teacher engages students in a rich discussion about a topic of interest, acts as a scribe, and writes the students' thoughts and ideas. The students generate ideas as the text is being composed. Choices of words and topics are discussed and decided jointly by students and the teacher.
A second-grade teacher begins a writing lesson by engaging students in a discussion to activate their background knowledge on a topic of interest. The teacher then acts as a scribe and writes on a chart while the students contribute ideas about the topic as the text is composed. Which of the following best describes the instructional practice the teacher is using? a. guided writing b. shared writing c. write-aloud d. interactive writing
Evaluating the expression 5x−3x for several values of x The question requires understanding how to select developmentally appropriate instructional strategies to support learning how to evaluate and symbolically manipulate expressions. The student will benefit from connecting the variable x with the values it can represent in order to recognize that the value of the expression 5x−3x depends on the value of x, so the expression cannot be identically equal to 2. Though option (D) may help the student memorize that 5x−3x=(5−3)x=2x, that alone would not help the student understand the reasoning behind why this equation is true. Neither option (A) nor (B) gives the student an opportunity to address the error in reasoning explained as "the x's cancel one another out."
A teacher asked a student to simplify the expression 5x−3x, and the student gave the answer 2. The teacher asked the student to explain this answer, and the student said, "5 take away 3 is 2, and the x's cancel one another out." Which of the following activities is most likely to help the student understand why this reasoning is incorrect?
Ordering coordinates correctly to plot points
A teacher asks students to roll one white number cube and one black number cube, each numbered 1 through 6. The numbers that appear face up are recorded in the table and then plotted on the grid shown. Which of the following is most likely the objective of the lesson?
A pictograph with the food categories listed and a drawing to represent the number of students that chose each food
A teacher gave students an assignment in which they will determine the class's favorite cafeteria food. Which of the following is best for the students to use to summarize the distribution of data collected from surveying 25 fourth-grade students about their favorite cafeteria food?
Introducing the student to spelling patterns and word families
A teacher makes the following observations about a student's assignment. Uses a group of letters to represent sounds in speech; for example, writes "KOM" K.O.M for "come" Correctly uses some symbols from the alphabet Uses uppercase letters May reverse some letters Which of the following is the most appropriate step the teacher can take to foster the student's literacy development? a. teaching the students left-to-right directionality b. introducing the student to spelling patterns and word families c. providing the student with a list of frequently occurring words d. showing the student how verb tenses are formed
Finding greatest common factors and least common multiples The question requires knowledge of strategies for understanding greatest common factors and least common multiples. The steps shown in the work indicate that the teacher found the prime factorizations of 56 and 80 and then organized the factors in a Venn diagram, which shows the GCF, 2×2×2, and which can be used to find the LCM, 24×7×5.
A teacher organized an activity in which the work shown was presented to students. Which of the following best describes the objective of the activity?
Entering the data in a spreadsheet so that values can be sorted in ascending or descending order
A teacher plans a class activity for students in which they determine the median family size for all students in the class. Which of the following strategies is most likely to be helpful to the students?
Giving students a ten-point quiz focusing on operations with decimals
A teacher plans a lesson on operations with decimals for a small class. The teacher wants to evaluate student learning at the end of the lesson. Which of the following is an appropriate design for a summative assessment?
Identifying and placing several integers on a number line
A teacher plans to define the term "integer" as part of a lesson. Which of the following is most appropriate for the teacher to do next to build students' understanding of the integer concept?
An anticipation guide
A teacher presents a worksheet with statements about starfish before a science lesson and asks each student to respond according to the directions. The activity is repeated following the reading of a chapter. Which of the following best identifies the instructional technique the teacher uses? a. a study guide b. a structured overview c. a pre-reading plan d. an anticipation guide
Phoneme identity Phoneme identity requires students to identify the same sound in different words.
A teacher shows a student flash cards that say "red," "roll," "rug," and "roar" and asks what sound is the same in the set of words. The teacher is using which of the following strategies to reinforce the student's phonemic awareness? a. phoneme deletion b. phoneme categorization c. phoneme isolation d. phoneme identity
Determining whether a suitcase meets weight restrictions on an airline flight given the weight of the suitcase in grams and the airline weight limits in kilograms
A teacher wants to assess student learning after completing a unit on converting measurements. Which of the following is the most effective assessment for the teacher to use?
Cite evidence in the text to support your idea. Asking students to find supporting statements in a text will provide them with the knowledge that predictions are made based on evidence from a text. This will help them verify or modify their predictions.
A third-grade teacher notices that students are having difficulty making meaningful predictions as they read a novel. Which of the following recommendations by the teacher is most likely to help students make meaningful predictions? a. connect your experiences with the experiences of the characters b. cite evidence in the txt to support your ideas c. identify the main idea of the text d. compare the story to another you read earlier in the year
identify phonemes in words Phonological awareness activities help children learn to distinguish individual sounds or phonemes within words.
Activities such as chanting rhymes or singing songs best help students
Peer conferencing
After completing a writing assignment, students engage in a discussion using comments such as "I can really imagine the scene with all the descriptive words you used." and "Why did the main character do that?" Which of the following aspects of the writing process is most likely taking place?
A Venn diagram
After students in a third-grade class read two versions of the story of Cinderella, the teacher asks students to compare the two stories. Which of the following graphic organizers is most appropriate for the assignment? a. a KWL chart b. a timeline c. a venn diagram d. a story map
Making connections between social studies and other disciplines
An elementary school's curriculum requires that students examine a scene painted on an ancient Greek vase. The teacher asks the students to examine the artistic techniques as well as the scene's historical context. Which of the following best describes the purpose of the lesson?
To help students understand how humans can modify the physical environment
An elementary teacher asks students to review photographic evidence showing the changes that occurred on the Great Plains as a result of increased farming during the early twentieth century. Which of the following most likely describes the purpose of the lesson?
Integrating social studies skills with other content areas
An elementary teacher assigned students the task of comparing the populations of different United States cities during a specific year. Afterward, the students were to create bar graphs using the gathered information. Which of the following was the primary objective accomplished by the activity?
Completing a project that compares the different forms of government from around the world The questions would encourage students to think about how different forms of government help to establish and provide the social organization for societies.
An elementary teacher is designing a lesson to teach students about how different societies from around the world are organized. Which of the following student assignments will best support the goal of the lesson?
Providing students with critical information to narrow the research by defining the focus and scope The purpose and benefit of having students use a prewriting strategy of a set of well-developed questions is to create a framework for the project. This defines a focus for gathering of information and limits the scope of the information that will be gathered by narrowing the topic.
As students begin a research project, the teacher provides instruction on a prewriting strategy that contains a set of well-developed questions to answer when locating information from various sources. Which of the following explains the primary benefit of using the prewriting strategy in supporting students' research efforts?
Cause/Effect: As a result; Because this led to; For this reason; May be due to Description: An example; For instance; To illustrate; Such as Problem/Solution: Dilemma is; One reason for the issue is; The puzzle is; The question is Compare/Contrast: As opposed to; Either . . . or; Not only . . . but; As well as; On the other hand
Cause/Effect: Description: Problem/Solution: Compare/Contrast:
Orthography Orthography is the use of correct spelling according to established usage. The student in the scenario has learned that in the CVC spelling pattern, the vowel sound in a closed syllable is short. The word has three phonemes, but because the vowel sound is long, the word can be represented by the CVCe or CVVC word patterns.
Chris, a first-grade student, takes a spelling pretest. The teacher dictates the word "mean" to students and uses it in a sentence. Chris knows that the word cannot be spelled "m-e-n" because it has a long vowel. He decides that the word must be spelled "m-e-n-e," "m-e-e-n," or "m-e-a-n." Chris's reasoning best demonstrates an understanding of which of the following? a. orthography b. syntax c. pronunciation d. semantics
The alternative sources of energy that are used by some primary producers
Comparing autotrophs that live in the darkness of the deep ocean with those that are exposed to sunlight on the ocean surface will be most effective in helping students explore which of the following topics?
Creating a graph of temperatures collected By creating a graph using the data collected, students are able to see the trends and patterns of temperature change.
During a science unit, students make observations and gather data on the daily weather conditions. Which of the following activities is the best way for students to present their findings and enhance their learning? a. giving an oral report on the weather conditions b. giving a weather forecast for the following week c. creating a graph of the temperatures collected d. creating a picture of different weather conditions
The quotient of a number and 3 is 48.
During a unit on writing expressions and equations, a fifth-grade teacher asks students to create several verbal statements that can be written as equations. Which of the following verbal statements was most likely created for writing an equation containing the operation of division?
The activity should be used at the very beginning of the lesson to introduce and contextualize the notions of mean, median, and mode. The question requires understanding how to sequence examples within a lesson to support understanding of a taught concept. Mathematics ideas are best understood when concrete modeling is used to generate definitions. The students can be ordered by height, giving a visual meaning to mean, median, and mode that will help students to conceptualize what the statistics mean before calculating the values of the statistics.
For a lesson on central tendency of data, a teacher plans to have students line up at the front of the classroom in increasing order according to each student's height. The students will then be instructed how to compute the mean, median, and mode of the resulting data set. At what point in the lesson should the teacher use the activity to most effectively promote student learning?
Difficulty making the inference that the characters are subjects in the painting
It was very dark in the main hall. A little bit of moonlight came through the windows, and Stanley could just make out the world's most expensive painting on the opposite wall. He felt as though the bearded man with the violin and the lady on the couch and the half-horse person and the winged children were all waiting, as he was, for something to happen. After reading the excerpt shown from Flat Stanley by Jeff Brown, a second-grade student wrote the following journal response about the passage. "I don't get who the bearded man with the violin is and all of the other people. I don't remember them from the rest of the story." Which of the following best describes the student's difficulty in comprehending the passage? a. difficulty in recalling the main ideas from the story b. difficulty understanding the meaning of unfamiliar vocabulary c. difficulty making the inference that the characters are subjects in the painting d. difficulty making connections to the characters using background information
Clapping as they orally repeat each word in a sentence spoken by a teacher A phonological awareness skill is the ability to recognize that a sentence is made up of words. In the activity, the students are segmenting sentences into words.
Kindergarten students are working on improving phonological awareness skills through engagement in which of the following activities? a. using magnetic letters to form and practice reading rhyming words b. creating a word wall that organizes vocabulary into sets that have common phonograms c. orally spelling high frequency, phonetically-regular words individually d. clapping as they orally repeat each word in a sentence spoken by a teacher
Teaching students letter-sound relationships with manipulatives such as letter tiles to provide hands-on activities
Mr. Engle is concerned about the English-language learners (ELLs) E.L.Ls in his second-grade class who are having problems in reading due to their lack of phonics skills. Which of the following strategies is best for the teacher to use to help the students develop the required skills? a. allowing students to read material in their native language and transfer phonics skills to help them decode english b. sending student to a first grade class for reading instructions since they would benefit from phonics instruction there c. teaching students letter-sound relationships with manipulative such as letter tiles to provide hands-on activities d. providing students with supplemental phonics worksheets that focus on basic letter sound relationship
Helping students make informed decisions about which multimedia tool to use that most effectively meets their purposes After the teacher demonstrates examples of different types of multimedia, it is most appropriate for the teacher to ask students to make a decision about which tool works best for them based on the nature of the project (informational presentation about the solar system) and each student's purpose in conducting the oral presentation.
Ms. Callahan's fifth-grade class is studying the solar system in science. In thinking about an upcoming schoolwide science fair, she plans to have students create multimedia presentations on the topic to share with other students, parents, and community members during the event. As students begin to draft their presentations, Ms. Callahan demonstrates how they can incorporate technology by projecting examples of various multimedia tools used in different types of projects on an interactive whiteboard. Which of the following identifies Ms. Callahan's next best step in the instructional plan?
Return sweep
Ms. Kline, a kindergarten teacher, begins reading a picture book to a small group of students. She reads the top line of text aloud and keeps her finger on the last word. Ms. Kline then asks students, "Where do I read after this?" The teacher is reinforcing students' understanding of which of the following concepts of print? a. one-to-one correspondence b. page sequencing c. book orientation d. return to sweep
Blending Blending requires putting segmented sounds together to create a word.
Ms. Morgan meets individually with Xavier. She tells him, "I am going to say all the sounds that are in a word. Then, I want you to tell me the word that you hear when you put them all together and say it fast. So if I say, '/d/ /o/ /g/,' /d/ means the d sound, /o/ means the o sound, and /g/ means the g sound you say . . .?" Xavier responds, "Dog." This activity assesses which of the following aspects of phonemic awareness?
A student stops a tuning fork from making a sound by grasping it firmly.
Of the following actions, which best demonstrates an understanding of the concept that vibrating materials can make a sound?
Comparing the physical appearances of parents with those of their offspring
Of the following hands-on activities, which is best for introducing elementary students to the concept that living things have heritable characteristics?
Options (B) and (C) are correct. The phases of the Moon are the result of the Moon's orbit around Earth, which results in different portions of the illuminated surface of the Moon being visible to a viewer on Earth at different times. Of the planets in our solar system, Earth is one of the four smaller planets.
Of the following statements about our solar system, which TWO are misconceptions? A. The Moon is closer to Earth than is the Sun. B. The phases of the Moon result from Earth casting shadows on the Moon's surface. C. Earth is the largest planet in our solar system. D. Some planets can be seen from Earth without a telescope.
Drawing pictures of the observable features of different types of plants Drawing pictures of the observable features (e.g., the sizes and shapes of stems, leaves, and flowers) of different types of plants is a developmentally appropriate activity for helping kindergarten students learn about the physical characteristics of organisms.
Of the following, which is the most developmentally appropriate activity for helping kindergarten students learn about the physical characteristics of organisms?
Having students experiment with glasses of hot and cold water in a humid environment
Of the following, which is the most effective strategy for helping students learn about condensation?
To help students develop an understanding of economic differences among the states The question would allow students to gather information and examine agricultural and industrial production in order to determine economic differences among the states.
Students are creating a map identifying the agricultural and industrial products produced within different states in the United States. Which of the following is most likely the purpose of this activity?
Providing evidence to compare and contrast information
Students are given the following writing prompt: "Explain three ways in which the government established by the United States Constitution differed from the government established by the Articles of Confederation and two ways in which they are similar." Which of the following describes the student ability the prompt is assessing?
Having students parse the sentence into "Daniela has," "at least," and "7 dollars more than 3 times the amount that Emily has" to write D≥7+3E The question requires understanding how to select developmentally appropriate instructional strategies to support learning in algebraic thinking. Encouraging the students to first parse the sentence correctly can help them connect the meaning of mathematical symbols with written or spoken English phrases.
The amount of money that Daniela has in her pocket is at least 7 dollars more than 3 times the amount of money that Emily has in her pocket. A teacher plans to use the statement shown during a lesson on translating sentences into linear inequalities. Which of the following is best for the teacher to do to help the students write an inequality that correctly models the relationship between the amount of money that Daniela has in her pocket, D, to the amount of money that Emily has in her pocket, E?
The baker almost dropped the cupcakes. The subject (baker) is doing the action as opposed to the cupcakes in the original sentence.
The cupcakes were almost dropped by the baker. A teacher explaining the concept of voice writes the above sentence on the board and requests that students change it from passive to active voice. Which of the following responses is correct? a. the baker has dropped almost all the cupcakes b. the baker almost dropped the cupcakes c. the baker dropped the cupcakes d. the cupcakes should have been dropped by the baker
The student can demonstrate surface tension using common materials and equipment. The student's drawing is best used as evidence that the student can demonstrate surface tension using water and a penny.
The figure presents a drawing of a drop labeled "water" shown on a flat surface labeled "penny". The figure is labeled "Surface tension." Students in a science class created posters to communicate ideas about the properties of liquids. As part of the activity, one student created the drawing shown above. The student's drawing is best used as evidence in support of which of the following conclusions?
The differences between quantitative and qualitative data
The figure presents a two column table labeled "Data." The information is as follows: Column one, "Quantitative," First line: Ate part of the apple slice; Second line: Tan color; segments are a darker tan; Third line: Legs are closer to the head; Fourth line: Width: 0.5 cm. Column two, "Qualitative," First line: Length: 2.1 cm; Second line: Active; Third line: Skin moltings: 3; Fourth line: Legs: 6; Fifth line: Head is a darker tan; Sixth line: Segments: 12. To present the results of an investigation of mealworms, a student creates the table shown. Based on the information in the table, the student most likely needs additional instruction in which of the following?
Asking the students to complete a graphic organizer where n is the middle number of three consecutive even integers and find algebraic expressions for the other two integers and the sum The question requires knowledge of strategies for writing an equation from a problem situation. Giving students a graphic organizer or a table to collect and organize the data of the problem is a good strategy to learn how to translate a verbal statement into a mathematical model. In option A, highlighting keywords in a sentence is not a valid method that works in all situations. In option C, the teacher is not teaching a strategy for writing equations to represent a problem situation. The strategy instead leads students to learn how to find and complete a pattern. In option D, the teacher gives the equation and students learn how to solve it.
The sum of three consecutive even integers is 102. What are the three integers? A teacher asks the students in an algebra class to write an equation to represent the problem situation shown. Which of the following approaches is best for helping the students write an algebraic equation that represents the problem situation?
Learning objectives outlined in the course curriculum
To adjust instruction within a unit, which of the following is most appropriate for a teacher to use when designing a summative assessment?
Common spelling patterns The student's work shows that the student uses knowledge of phonics, however learning common spelling patterns will further help the student to spell accurately.
We hav a pupy. His nam iz doste. (We have a puppy. His name is Dusty.) The second grader who wrote the sentence above is likely to benefit most from instruction in which of the following areas? a. common spelling patterns b. prefixes and suffixes c. left-to-right directionality d. alphabet knowledge
Description
When a volcano erupts, melted rock called magma rises out of the volcano and flows onto Earth's surface. The magma, now called lava, flows down the sides of the volcano. As the lava spreads over the surface, it cools and turns to solid rock. The type of rock that is formed is classified as igneous. a. description b. cause-effect c. comparison-contrast d. narrative
the overall quality of the sample
When scoring a writing sample holistically, a teacher should focus mainly on
Options (B), (C), and (D) are correct. The question requires understanding how to design instruction to help students know how to represent elapsed time. Strategy (A) is awkward and not terribly enlightening. Each other solution method allows students to picture the correct answer as a combination of a series of more obvious time intervals on either the clock diagram or the number line diagram.
Which THREE of the following strategies are most appropriate to help students understand how to calculate the amount of time, in hours and minutes, that it takes a child to clean a room starting at 3:20 P.M. and finishing at 5:07 P.M.? A. Using a clock face manipulative to count the total number of minutes from 3:07 P.M. to 5:20 P.M., then dividing the total by 60 B. Using a clock face manipulative to count the total number of minutes from 3:20 P.M. to 3:30 P.M., the number of hours and minutes from 3:30 P.M. to 5:00 P.M., and the number of minutes from 5:00 P.M. to 5:07 P.M., then adding the totals together C. Using a clock face manipulative to count the total number of hours and minutes from 3:07 P.M. to 5:07 P.M., then subtracting 13 minutes from the total D. Using a number line to count the number of hours from 3:20 P.M. to 4:20 P.M., the number of minutes from 4:20 P.M. to 4:50 P.M., and the number of minutes from 4:50 P.M. to 5:07 P.M., then adding the totals together
Options (A), (B), and (C) are correct. Having students browse reputable Web sites to read about the transmission of airborne viruses (such as cold viruses), create lists of misconceptions about respiratory diseases (for example, that the susceptibility to the common cold requires a weakened immune system), and make signs that can serve as reminders of the importance of handwashing (which will reinforce the importance of handwashing in preventing the spread of the common cold) are effective strategies for helping students learn about ways to avoid catching the common cold.
Which THREE of the following strategies will best help students learn about the most effective ways to avoid catching the common cold? A. Having students browse reputable Web sites to read about the transmission of airborne viruses B. Having students create a list of misconceptions about respiratory diseases C. Having students make signs that can serve as reminders of the importance of handwashing D. Having students wear hats and mittens when playing outside in cold weather
Options (A), (C), and (D) are correct. The question requires understanding how to design and use formative assessment to adjust instruction. Determining whether further instruction is needed is a purpose of formative instruction. Options (A), (C), and (D) all describe formative assessment examples, while (B) describes an example of summative assessment.
Which THREE of the following teacher actions are most effective for gauging students' understanding of the notions of acute, right, and obtuse angles in order to determine whether further instruction is needed? A. Distributing a work sheet on identifying angles as acute, right, or obtuse to student groups; circulating around the room to check answers as groups are working B. Including problems about identifying angles as acute, right, or obtuse on a unit test; noting the average performance by students on these problems C. Distributing small whiteboards to students; asking them to sketch examples of acute, right, or obtuse angles and hold up their whiteboards D. Sketching three angles on the board at the end of class; telling students to write down whether each angle is acute, right, or obtuse, and turn in their answers before leaving the room
Analyzing and comparing the nets of a cube and a pyramid with a five-sided base The question requires understanding how to design instruction to help students know how to classify three-dimensional shapes. The shapes in option (B) each have 6 faces, but differ in the number of vertices and edges. For option (D), the shapes have the same number of faces, vertices, and edges. For each of options (A) and (C), the shapes have different numbers of faces.
Which of the following activities is most likely to help students build an understanding of how three-dimensional shapes can have the same number of faces while having different numbers of edges or vertices? A. Analyzing and comparing the nets of a cube and a pyramid with a four-sided base B. Analyzing and comparing the nets of a cube and a pyramid with a five-sided base C. Analyzing and comparing the nets of a prism with a four-sided base and a pyramid with a four-sided base D. Analyzing and comparing the nets of a cube and a prism with a four-sided base
Mixing vinegar with baking soda to make a volcano In an irreversible change, new materials are formed and the change cannot be undone. Mixing vinegar and baking soda results in the formation of carbon dioxide gas.
Which of the following activities will best help students explore an irreversible change?
Slicing an orange at different angles The question requires understanding how to select developmentally appropriate instructional strategies to help students know how to represent figures and model them with shapes and solids. Only option (C) makes use of a three-dimensional manipulative that can be sliced at different angles.
Which of the following activities will best help students learn about the cross sections formed when a plane intersects a sphere?
Creating word maps for each word Word maps help students build on prior knowledge and visually represent new information. Word maps encompass various aspects of learning new words such as developing a definition and identifying synonyms and antonyms.
Which of the following activities will most effectively help students understand the meaning of unknown vocabulary words?
A student writes a first draft of a writing piece and then revises the prewriting graphic organizer to add more details. The student began working on a first draft and then returned to the prewriting stage to add more detail to the graphic organizer. It can be inferred that the student realized while writing the first draft that there was not enough information and then returned to prewriting before moving forward to revision.
Which of the following examples shows that a writer does not always progress through the steps of the writing process in a linear manner?
B. (x2−1)−(x2+2x+1) The question requires understanding how to design instruction to help students know how to use the distributive property to manipulate and simplify algebraic expressions. Option (B) uses the distributive property twice. A subtraction sign in front of a quantity means the same thing as multiplying the quantity by −1. The expression (x2−1)−(x2+2x+1)=x2−1−x2−2x−1 by distributing the subtraction across the quantity x2+2x+1, i.e., by multiplying −1 times the quantity. Then x2−1−x2−2x−1=−2x−2. None of the other options require an application of the distributive property.
Which of the following expressions will best demonstrate to students how to use the distributive property to simplify expressions? (x2+1)+(x2+x+1) (x2−1)−(x2+2x+1) (x2−1)+1 x2+x+1
Investigating the effects of replacing the round wheels on a toy car with wheels of different shapes The activity will help students explore the relationship between structure and function through an investigation of how the shape of the wheels on a toy car affects the movement of the toy car.
Which of the following hands-on activities will best help elementary students at lower grade levels explore the relationship between structure and function?
Having students create maps using data they collected about their school and its surroundings Collecting and presenting data are important parts of the scientific method. Having students create maps using data they collected is an instructional plan that integrates the scientific method with social studies.
Which of the following instructional plans best integrates the scientific method with social studies?
Growing sunflowers in a school garden from seeds to mature plants that produce seeds
Which of the following is the most effective activity for helping students learn about the life cycle of plants?
Using an area model comprised of two adjacent rectangles with sides 80 and 49 and sides 80 and 1, respectively The question requires knowledge of algorithms and strategies for multiplying numbers. The area model allows students to transition immediately from easy computation to the final answer. The area of a rectangle with dimensions 80 and 49 equals the area of a rectangle with dimensions 80 and 50 minus the area of a rectangle with dimensions 80 and 1. The model shows that 80×49=80×(50−1)=80×50−80×1=4,000−80=3,920.
Which of the following is the most effective way to help students understand why 49×80 equals 3,920?
Cube, circle, square, sphere, triangle, tetrahedron
Which of the following lists of shapes is best for a teacher to use in a lesson in which students identify shapes as two-dimensional or three-dimensional based on their properties?
Some rust appeared on a bike that was left outside for a few weeks. Rust appearing on a bike that was left outside is evidence that a chemical change occurred, because the rust is iron oxide that was produced when iron reacted with oxygen in the presence of water vapor.
Which of the following observations provides evidence that a chemical change has occurred?
Completing a story map
Which of the following strategies best promotes students' reading comprehension by helping them understand the elements of a narrative? a. using an anticipation guide b. completing a story map c. completing a semantic organizer d. setting a purpose for reading
Using a digital scale to weigh an empty balloon, inflating the balloon, weighing it again, and then having the students find the difference in grams
Which of the following strategies will most effectively help a group of elementary students correct their misconception that air does not have mass because it is invisible? Using a digital scale to weigh an empty balloon, inflating the balloon, weighing it again, and then having the students find the difference in grams Showing a video about hot-air balloons and then having the students explain how heating the air molecules causes the density of air inside the balloon to decrease Video recording students as they take a deep breath to experience the movement of air going into their lungs, watching the recording, and then having the students discuss their findings Lighting a small candle, placing a glass jar over it, and having the students record the length of time it takes for the flame to become extinguished
Asking students to restate sentences from a text in their own words
Which of the following teaching strategies will best help improve students' reading comprehension? a. asking students to restate sentences from text int heir own words b. providing students with opportunities to engage in choral reading c. showing students how to determine the number of syllables in a word d. having students identify words in a text that have the same rime
The benefits of proper nutrition
Which of the following topics is most relevant to a lesson on obesity prevention?
Responding with what went well and making suggestions on how to improve
Which of the following types of feedback is most helpful for students to give peers who are developing oral presentation skills?
Narrative
Which of the following types of text is most appropriate for a second-grade teacher to use to introduce students to writing about personal experiences, true or imagined, with the information organized in the sequence the events occurred? a. narrative b. expository c. persuasive d. informative
Using rectangular arrays The question requires knowledge of strategies for understanding factors. Given a whole number n, the process of finding all the possible rectangular arrays that can be formed that have n dots is the same as finding all possible pairs of factors that have a product of n. The list of all these factors is the list of all numbers that divide n, which is the concept of a factor.
Which of the following will most likely help students understand the concept of the factors of a whole number?
Students compare different forms of municipal government throughout their state. The question would allow students to think about the levels of government and help students to understand the different forms of local government.
Which of the following would be an appropriate method of teaching fifth-grade students about democracy at the local level?
Options (A) and (E) are correct. The question would encourage students to think about how the separation of powers and the system of checks and balances are major components of the structure of the United States government.
Which two classroom activities would most help students understand the structure of the United States government? A. Constructing a diagram that outlines the powers of the different branches of the government B. Reading an informational text about the history of the government C. Writing an essay about the founders of the United States government D. Listening to speeches by United States government leaders E. Creating scenarios in which government officials apply checks and balances
I'd love to take a poem to lunch Personification refers to the practice of attaching human traits and characteristics to inanimate objects or phenomena. The author describes the poem as eating a lunch, a trait that is only characteristic of animate things.
While teaching students how to interpret figurative language, a teacher provides students with the excerpt shown from Denise Rodgers' "Take A Poem to Lunch." I'd love to take a poem to lunch or treat it to a wholesome brunch of fresh cut fruit and apple crunch. I'd spread it neatly on the cloth beside a bowl of chicken broth and watch a mug of root beer froth. Which of the following lines from the poem will best help students identify the type of figurative language in the poem?