prepu ch28

What is HMG-CoA reductase?

An enzyme that controls the final step in production of cellular cholesterol

What intervention may help the client increase HDL levels?

Exercise

A nurse is caring for a patient prescribed nicotinic acid for hyperlipidemia. Which of the following are experienced by patients taking nicotinic acid?

Flushing of the skin

What information would be included in a lipoprotein profile? Select all that apply:

LDL, triglycerides, total cholesterol

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) are in which pregnancy category? (Choose one)

Pregnancy Category X

A nurse is caring for a patient prescribed nicotinic acid for hyperlipidemia. Which of the following are experienced by patients taking nicotinic acid?

flushing of the skin

A patient with metabolic syndrome usually has increased plasminogen activator levels.

true

An appropriate goal for a client taking niacin would be to reduce total serum cholesterol to which level?

<200 mg/dL

Lovastatin has a high first-pass effect. Which enzyme is responsible for the metabolism of this drug?

CYP3A4

Your patient asks you what will the atorvastatin (Lipitor) they are prescribed do for them. What is an expected outcome for this patient?

Decrease in serum cholesterol and LDL levels

You are teaching your client about nicotinic acid, which the physician has prescribed for treatment of hyperlipidemia. What common adverse effect should you mention to the client?

Flushing of the skin

A patient has been prescribed atorvastatin (Lipitor) comes to the clinic with complaints of acute muscle pain not associated with exercise or injury, which indicates potential rhabdomyolysis. The nurse knows that the use of atorvastatin with which of the following products places the patient at risk for rhabdomyolysis?

Grapefruit juice consumption

The pharmacology instructor is discussing medications used in the treatment of dyslipidemia. Which of the following drug classes would the instructor identify as the most widely used dyslipidemia drugs?

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

Which drug will be most effective in reducing the major types of dyslipidemia?

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

The most common adverse effects of lovastatin include which of the following?

Headache and flatulence

Increased levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) combined with certain risk factors can lead to the development of which medical condition? (Choose one)

Heart Disease

The nurse is teaching a 45-year-old patient about ways to lower cholesterol levels, as they are elevated. One method to lower cholesterol levels is to exercise, which does what?

Increases HDL and decreases triglycerides

Which of the following lipid levels would the nurse interpret as being high?

LDL cholesterol of 180 mg/dL

A patient is taking lovastatin (Mevacor). Which of the following is noted as the most common adverse effects?

Nausea, flatulence, and constipation

A nurse in a health care facility is caring for patients receiving the bile acid sequestrant colesevelam. In which category of patients is colesevelam administered with caution?

Patients with liver disease

The client has been taking rosuvastatin for hyperlipidemia. She now presents with complaints of severe weakness. She states she can barely move her extremities because she is so weak. The nurse suspects the client has which of the following?

Rhabdomyolysis

A patient who has an elevated triglyceride level and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is seen by her primary care physician. What do these laboratory tests indicate in this patient?

The development of metabolic syndrome

Your patient, a 37-year-old woman with moderately elevated lipid levels, requests immediate pharmacotherapy for her dyslipidemia. You explain that a period of intensive diet therapy and lifestyle modification will be utilized before drug therapy is considered. You explain the rationale for this regimen as:

Therapeutic lifestyle changes are the preferred method for lowering blood lipids.

Which of the following activities increases high-density lipoproteins?

all of these

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) are in which pregnancy category? (Choose one)

cat A

Elevated blood lipids are a major risk factor for atherosclerosis and vascular disorders. From where are blood lipids derived?

diet

After reviewing the various agents used to lower lipid levels, the students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which agents as stimulating the breakdown of lipoproteins from the tissues and their removal from the plasma? Select all that apply.

fenofibrate and gemifibrozil

A 54-year-old patient, has a cholesterol level of 240 mg/dL. What serum concentration of cholesterol would this patient have?

high

Cholesterol is the base unit for the formation of steroid hormones.

true

Which of the following are examples of modifiable risk factors for hyperlipidemia? (Select all that apply)

weight and diet