PRO CR 10 FINAL

Occupational Therapist

An occupational therapist (OT) assists people with physical, emotional, or mental disabilities to restore or maintain as much independence as possible in daily living and work throughout their lives. Occupational therapists help injured or ill individuals reach their maximum level of independence by emphasizing the acquisition and retention of functional skills. Occupational therapists may specialize in task-specific, work-related rehabilitation in order to help clients reacquire the motor and cognitive skills needed to return to work. This can range from teaching basic skills such as coordinated movement to specific skills like hammering, typing, and driving a car.

Community College/University Professors

At community colleges and universities, there are many specialty areas in Kinesiology and PE. There are professors of PE, Exercise Science, Athletics Training, Biomechanics, Health, Nutrition, Yoga, Pilates, and more. In higher education, professors have a vast amount of teaching career paths and classes to teach. To teach at a community college, professors need a master's degree in Kinesiology, Health, Exercise Science, Nutrition, PE, or any similar field. Also, some can teach with a bachelor's degree through a process called equivalency. Equivalency means the person has adequate work experience to teach despite not having a master's degree or a master's degree in a kinesiology related field. At community colleges, full-time faculty members are on probation for the first four years, then they can receive tenure after year four. At universities, professors need a doctorate degree in a kinesiology related field. Full-time faculty members are able to receive tenure after seven years of being on probation. At universities, professors can teach undergraduate or graduate courses. For teaching positions like Yoga, Pilates, and Exercise Science, professors have to have the required education and certifications as well. Certifications:Yoga professors have to get certified as a Yoga Alliance Registered Yoga Instructor, which his is a 200-hour level training course, also called RYT-200 or get yoga certification from a NCCA agency (Yoga Fit, Yoga Alliance). Pilates professors will need a Pilates Certification and Exercise Science professors need certifications like ACSM, CSCS, NSCA, etc. Professors are responsible for serving on committees on campus such as Faculty Association, Curriculum Committee, and Academic Senate. Professors have to maintain office hours for students, write curriculum, publish, and research. Research and publish can be optional at community colleges. Professors operate on 10-month contracts and teaching in the summer or winter intercession is considered overtime pay. Professors have the option to teach in the summer or winter intercession. According to the California Federation of Teachers in 2018-2019 (Links to an external site.), full-time California Community College professors make $40,793 to $156,131. According to Inside Higher Ed in 2018-2019 (Links to an external site.), full-time professors at universities in California made an average salary of $87,900 to $312,600. Stanford University had the highest average salary of all California universities.

Athletic Trainer

Athletic training is a health care profession that addresses injury prevention, risk management, clinical diagnosis, immediate care, treatment, and rehabilitation of injuries and other conditions experienced by athletes and other physically active individuals. An athletic trainer works under the direction of a licensed medical or osteopathic physician. Athletic trainers work in partnership with athletes, coaches, and physicians.

Clinical Exercise Physiologist Education and credentials

: A minimum of a bachelor's degree is needed to be a clinical exercise physiologist. However, to become a ACSM RCEP a master's degree in clinical exercise physiology is required. The American College of Sports Medicine offers certification for clinical exercise physiologists of all levels. ACSM EP-C certification requires a bachelor's degree in exercise science, exercise physiology, or kinesiology and must currently be adult CPR/AED certified. ACSM CEP certification requires the same education as a ACSM EP-C, but it also includes 400 hours (accredited program) or 500 hours (non-accredited program) of clinical experience and certification in basic life support or CPR for professional rescuer. ACSM RCEP certification requires a master's degree or doctoral degree in physiology and 600 hours of clinical experience and certification in basic life support or CPR for professional rescuer (via American College of Sport Medicine (Links to an external site.)). Louisiana is the only state that requires licensing

Sport team settings

: Athletic training clinics are outpatient facilities that are located at high schools, colleges, and professional team facilities. These facilities typically include treatment and rehabilitation areas, examination rooms, hydrotherapy areas, and injury prevention areas such as taping, wrapping, bracing. Well-funded, high-level professional teams and universities also offer X-ray rooms and space where minor medical procedures can be performed.

Inpatient facilities

: Inpatient facilities include rehabilitation hospitals, nursing homes, or other institutions where patients spend extended periods of time in order to receive medical or other health-related treatment. At inpatient facilities, patients need attention from physicians, rehabilitation specialists, and social services personnel 24 hours a day. Custodial care facilities are long-term care facilities such as nursing homes that caters to the medical, rehabilitative, and specialized needs of patients, including activities of daily living (ADLs).

Multidimensional Model of Wellness​

A state of wellness encompasses physical wellness, emotional wellness, intellectual wellness, spiritual wellness, and social wellness. Physical- ability to conduct daily tasks with vigor Emotional - ability to control emotions and express them appropriately/comfortably Intellectual - ability to learn, grow from experience, and use intellectual capabilities Spiritual- a guiding sense of meaning or value in life that may involve belief in some unifying force Social- ability to have satisfying interpersonal relationships and interactions with others

Worksite.

A worksite setting is a place of business where people are employed. For example, Santa Monica College, Chase Bank, Costco, Chevron, Forever 21, Footlocker, Taco Bell, UCLA, and Kaiser Permanente are worksite settings. Some employers offer health and fitness programs for their employees. Employers have found that health and fitness programs reduce health care costs, increase productivity and morale, decrease absenteeism (missing work without good reason), and improve their corporate image. The major reason why employers offer health and fitness programs is to cut overall business costs. Some employers invest in health and fitness programs with the goal of saving money in the long term. Companies can offer health education classes, company health fairs, and/or health risk appraisals for employees. Employers can also offer incentives to employees for having good health appraisals. Many companies do not offer 100% health coverage for all employees. There are many companies who offer partial coverage. For example, Safeway Inc., a supermarket company, offers reduced health insurance rates to their employees based on the results of tests on tobacco use, weight, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels. Also, Safeway Inc. offers large discounts for healthier foods for their employees. For instance, one employee who tests well and has great overall health is offered 85% health insurance coverage from Safeway Inc., while another employee who smokes and has high blood pressure is only offered 58% health insurance coverage. Safeway offers annual health care appraisals for their employees. This can keep employees motivated to improve their overall health to secure the best financial health care coverage package. In an effort to reduce medical costs, some worksites offer health and fitness services to employees and retirees. Some examples are companies offering free gym memberships for their employees. For instance, a company may pay $40 per month for each employee to have a free gym membership, but overall the company saves millions of dollars in health care costs because 70% of the employees are actively using the free gym membership and living a healthy life. Pioneer companies who offered these health and fitness benefits are Johnson & Johnson, Coors Brewing Company, and Tenneco (automotive motor part company). Some companies offer an Employee Assistance Programs (EAP). EAPs helps employees with personal problems that may affect their work performance (drug addiction, mental health issues, grief assistance, workplace personality conflicts). Companies who offer EAP are hoping to get employees the help they need with the hope that employees are providing effective work. For example, if you have workplace personality conflicts between co-workers who have to collaborate together on projects, the company would like them to get involved in the EAP to address those issues so the company does not see a negative impact of their conflict in their overall work

Strength and Conditioning Specialist skills

Ability to create a positive environment that welcomes all people Strong motivational abilities Strong organizational skills and effective oral and written communication skills Fantastic communication skills

Clinical Exercise Physiologist

Clinical exercise physiologists treat patients with chronic cardiovascular, pulmonary, and metabolic diseases. They are responsible for developing and directing clinical exercise programs for patients and working in conjunction with a physician who has overall control of the patient's rehab program. There are three types of clinical exercise physiologists: ACSM EP-C, ACSM CEP and ACSM RCEP. ACSM EP-Cs, certified exercise physiologists, administer cardiopulmonary exercise tests in hospital laboratories, administer fitness testing, and implement and deliver cardiovascular conditioning programs for individuals who are apparently disease free or those with medically controlled diseases such as diabetes. ACS CEPs, the second highest position called certified clinical exercise physiologists, perform graded exercise tests and exercise prescription and fitness counseling for individuals with cardiovascular, respiratory, or metabolic disorders. ACSM RCEPs, the highest level of certification in this field and called registered clinical exercise physiologists, work in conjunction with a physician as a team to collect a client's medical history and evaluate the client's cardiopulmonary function. The ACSM RCEP and the physician develop a structured exercise program for the client. ACSM RCEPs also are responsible for administering the rehabilitation center and educating the cardiac rehabilitation staff and performs research.

Coaching and Sport Instruction Responsibilities

Coaches have many duties outside of practice time and scheduled contests. Coaches devote more time to supplemental responsibilities than time spent instructing. Time spent instructing is practice and in-game coaching time. Supplemental responsibilities is everything else it seems. Supplemental responsibilities keep coaches very busy. I am the men's basketball head coach at Santa Monica College, and my supplemental responsibilities are endless. I recruit potential student-athletes all year long. This entails watching games in person, communicating with recruits via social media, text message, email, and phone calls, making in-home visits, hosting on-campus visits, and hosting virtual visits. A couple years ago we had a player that we recruited heavily. We saw this recruit play 19-22 times in person during his senior year. Additionally, I have to hire and/or retain coaching staff yearly, evaluate officials/referees on their performance, scout our opponents, schedule and plan travel arrangements, arrange team meals before and after games, counsel players for personal life and basketball concerns, facilitate recruitment for the players looking to leave here with a scholarship, market players, fundraise, purchase team apparel, manage the budget, file administrative paperwork, and more. As a coach, it feels like a 24/7 job with high school, college, professional, and high level amateur sports. I often field late night calls from players to aid them in whatever they are going through. Coaching is a relationship business. Coaches and players spend so much time together. Relationships mean everything. Sport instructors spend a lot of time advertising themselves for their clients and future clients. Sport instructors have to find practice facilities to train, recruit clients, brand their business, train clients, and plan workouts. Sport instructors who teach novice levels at schools or community centers have to work on class preparation, grading, office hours for students, meeting with parents, and ordering equipment. For example, at Santa Monica College, I serve as a sport instructor as well. I teach basketball classes to students on campus. In this role, I serve as a sport instructor in an educational setting. In this role, I am here to teach the students how to play basketball, focus on their grading and participation, hold office hours, and provide feedback on their fundamentals. In this role, I am not preparing them to compete for organized basketball contests or games. If I were a basketball trainer for college basketball athletes and professional basketball players then I would train them with the intent of having the skills and training translate to competition.

Commercial

Commercial health and fitness settings focuses on generating a profit . Examples of these commercial settings are but not limited to nutrition counseling, personal fitness training, massage therapy, group exercise classes, spa services, yoga studios, dance studios, CrossFit gyms, and fitness gyms. There are two types of profit categories: sales-based facilities and retention-based facilities. Sales-based health and fitness facilities focus primarily on membership sales. They tend to offer highly discounted rates to get new customers and offer long-term membership contracts. Examples of sales- based facilities are not but limited to LA Fitness, Planet Fitness, 24 Hour Fitness, Massage Green, and Massage Envy. Sales-based faculties focus on marketing practices and sales strategies to gain customers. They use billboards, TV commercials, Internet ads, print ads, and mailing ads as marketing strategies. For example, if someone has a membership to LA Fitness, and she pays $35 per month for the membership and she has not came to the gym in over four months, LA Fitness is not going to call her to see if she wants to come to the gym. LA Fitness cares about the monthly debit from her account, and as long as that monthly debit is coming in, then LA Fitness is fine. So when a customer who does not come to the gym regularly tries to cancel, they then try to persuade the customer to keep their membership despite the customer not using their gym actively. Membership costs at sales-based facilities are usually priced less than retention-based faculties. Retention-Based Facilities tend to focus on long-term needs of members and offer month-to-month payments and deliver high-quality programs. Examples of retention-based faculties are not but not limited to CrossFit gyms, yoga studios, and dance studios. Retention-based facilities do not invest in extensive advertising; instead, they focus on referrals. Monthly dues are usually higher because of quality programs. For example, at a local CrossFit gym, clients will get better quality of service and attention while working out; whereas, at LA Fitness, a person can come in the gym and workout for one hour and not receive any personal service during his or her workout.

Community Settings:

Community organizations offer a variety of settings for coaching and sport instruction. Many of the community programs are non-profit, and that means many of the coaching positions are filled by volunteers or part-timers. YMCA, YWCA, Boys and Girls Club, Parks and Rec, and churches are examples of community settings. Community organizations are civic minded - meaning their first goal is to improve the social, physical, and moral development of the local community. In the community settings, it is not necessarily about wins and losses.

Community

Community settings includes many type of health fitness facilities like the YMCA, YWCA, Jewish Community Centers, City Parks and Recreation, American Heart Association, American Lung Association and American Diabetes Association. Churches, universities, colleges, and apartment complexes offer community health and fitness facilities and programs. The resources are usually limited for community settings and there is usually a greater reliance on volunteers or minimally trained employees. Types of programs offered in community settings are but not limited to walking groups for seniors, community cardia rehabilitation programs, aquatic exercise, group exercise, and yoga classes.

health and fitness specilaist duties

Conducts fitness and functional assessments Provide one-on-one consulting, training and motivation Designs comprehensive individualized exercise programs that incorporate strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness components and maximize safety and long-term results Works with specialized populations such as elderly, children, and adolescents Design exercise programs for individuals with specialized needs Responsible for assessing blood pressure, body composition, aerobic capacity, muscular strength, muscular endurance, and flexibility

Personal Trainer duties

Conducts training sessions Works independently or is employed at a facility Able to continually present new and exciting ways to keep clients on track, interested, motivated, and excited about making changes and maintaining new health behaviors as part of their lifestyle Understands weight management, stress management, physical fitness, sport conditioning Conducts training sessions outside of normal working hours (early mornings, late evenings, and weekends)

Athletic Trainer oprinties

Employment opportunities: According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the job outlook from 2019-2029 is expected to increase by 16% and the median salary in 2019 was $48,440 annually (via U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

Strength and Conditioning Specialist duties

Design weight training and conditioning programs for specific sports and specific athletes (pre-season, in-season, and off-season) Improve athletes athletic performance while reducing athletic injuries Evaluate athletes and maintain performance records of athletes Supervise and oversee training sessions for athletes Develop systems for tracking athlete attendance and athlete progress in conjunction with the sport coaches Work in cooperation with the sports medicine or athletic training staff in the rehabilitation and strengthening of injured athletes Hire support staff Demonstrate the appropriate skills and techniques to be used by the athletes

Advice for Health and Fitness Students

Earn a combined degree in kinesiology plus another discipline (health, psychology) Seek practical experience through practicum opportunities and internships Attend workshops and obtain certifications through NSCA, ACSM, ACE, and more Stay current: Read health and fitness journals and industry publications Maximize your marketability with your choice of elective courses Understand social and personal media, computer technology, marketing, gender, ethnicity, and race diversity Take elective courses that will help you in the type of job you want Prepare and do your research before job interviews Apply for INTERNSHIPS!!!! BE PERSISTENT AND DETERMINED!!

Athletic Trainer education

Education and credentials: As of 2022, athletic trainers seeking national certification will be required to graduate from an entry-level master's degree program accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE). A bachelor's degree and master's degree are needed in this field. CPR and AED certifications are needed to be an athletic trainer as well. A master's of science in athletic training is typically a two-year program and includes classes such as Athletic Training Clinical Education, Clinical Research in Athletic Training, Whole Person Care, Board of Certification Preparation, and Medical Imaging and Lab Procedures (via Cal Baptist University Athletic Training Masters of Science

OT Edu

Education and credentials: Certified occupational therapy assistants can complete their education at a two-year program. In the California Community College system, there are only four schools who offer COTA programs. The schools are Grossmont College, Sacramento City College, Santa Ana College, and San Joaquin Valley College. COTAs must be licensed in the state(s) where they practice. Once the two-year program is completed, COTAs have to pass the National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy (NBCOT) exam.

edu

Education and credentials: Physical therapy programs are accredited by the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE). The national professional organization for PTs is the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA). PTs require state licensing in order to actively work in their respective state. Most states required PTAs to be licensed in order to practice. Physical therapy assistants have to complete a two-year associate's degree. Cerritos College (Links to an external site.) is the only California Community College that offers a PTA program. PTAs deliver care under the supervision of physical therapists. PTAs focus on patient treatment - therapeutic modalities and therapeutic exercise. PTAs must pass the National Physical Therapy Exam upon completion of the two-year degree program. Physical therapists have to attain a Doctorate of Physical Therapy (DPT), which typically is a three-year program. Primary content areas in the curriculum may include, but are not limited to, biology/anatomy, cellular histology, physiology, exercise physiology, biomechanics, kinesiology, neuroscience, pharmacology, pathology, behavioral sciences, communication, ethics/values, management sciences, finance, sociology, clinical reasoning, evidence-based practice, cardiovascular and pulmonary, endocrine and metabolic, and musculoskeletal (via American Physical Therapy Association (Links to an external site.)). Additionally, PTs usually need one-year of residency after graduating with their doctorate. PTs must pass the National Physical Therapy Exam as well.

Health and Wellness Coach

Education: A bachelor's degree in applied behavioral science, exercise/sport science, nutrition, health, kinesiology, or gerontology is recommended. Certification: Typically one health and wellness certification is required. Please click on the links and read about the process of attaining these certifications (you will need the information for your Career Paper Part 1 assignment). CPR Certified (mandatory) AED Certified (mandatory) ACE Health Coach Certification (Links to an external site.) Wellcoaches Certification (Links to an external site.) AFPA Health and Wellness Coach Certification (Links to an external site.) ADAPT Certified Functional Health Coach (Links to an external site.) IIN (Institute for Integrative Nutrition) (Links to an external site.) IFM (Institute for Functional Medicine)

Health and Fitness director duties education

Education: A bachelor's degree in health, kinesiology, applied behavioral science, nutrition, exercise science, or other related fields are required. Some companies require a masters of degree in similar fields. Certification: Multiple certifications are typically required. CPR Certified (mandatory) AED Certified (mandatory) AFAA (Aerobics and Fitness Association of America) AFPA (American Fitness Professionals and Associates) ACE (The American Council on Exercise) ACSM (American College of Sports Medicine) NAFC (National Association for Fitness Certification) NSPA (National Strength Professionals Association) NASM (National Academy of Sports Medicine)

Strength and Conditioning Specialist education

Education: A bachelor's degree or master's degree in exercise science, exercise physiology, kinesiology, health science, physical education or related field is required; however, many jobs require a master's degree in related fields. Certifications: At least one certification is required. Please click on the links and read about the process of attaining these certifications (you will need the information for your Career Paper Part 1 assignment). CPR Certified (mandatory) AED Certified (mandatory) NSCA (National Strength and Conditioning Association) (Links to an external site.) CSCS (Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist) (Links to an external site.) USA Weightlifting Certification (Links to an external site.) CSCCa (Collegiate Strength and Conditioning Coaches Association) (Links to an external site.) ACSM (American College of Sports Medicine)

education

Education: There is lots of flexibility for personal trainers. Requirements range from high school diploma or bachelor's degree. Some places require a bachelor's degree. Certification: Most of the links take go directly to the personal trainer portion of the website. Typically one certification will suffice; however, it is common to have multiple certifications as the market is very competitive. Please click on the links and read about the process of attaining these certifications (you will need the information for your Career Paper Part 1 assignment).

Characteristics of Sport Pedagogy

Educators in sport pedagogy have to understand what needs to be the focus in a physical activity class. Instructors have to have points of emphasis for themselves as instructors and for the students as learners. Here are some key characteristics: Getting and keeping the students' attention: This is very important, especially with minors in grade school. Keeping elementary kids or junior high students focused and on task can be challenging. In junior high, students are socially engaging and entering a new phase in their lives and maturation. As teachers, it can sometimes be a challenge when dealing with students who bully others or tease others and the dynamics of the "cool kids" vs the "non-cool kids." It is important to be a mindful, engaging teacher. Understanding time management of "time instructing" vs "time on-task":Time instructing is the time an instructor is teaching a concept or concepts.Time on task is defined as the time students spend actually doing physical activity or sport.Time on tasks takes precedence. Instructors should always make sure there is more time for time on task. Students should spend at least 50% of the time appropriately engaged (performing correctly with frequent success): This is called learning time. In PE classes, learning is actually doing the activity. Motivating students to engage in physical activity during class time and outside of class time: This can be a challenge at times for instructors. The goal is to make physical activity fun. Instructors need to constantly motivate students to be active outside of class time. Physical activity is important as we have learned how sedentary lifestyles can negatively affect health. Instructors have to find ways to reach students and motivate them to incorporate physical activity into their daily lives. Establishes rules and procedures for good behavior in the gymnasium and on the field: It is important as a teacher to set the rules and procedures. This is especially important with children. Effective teachers know that practicing a skill correctly and in game-like situations is more important than listening to a 20-minute lecture on basketball techniques: Once again, good PE teachers understand practice time is very important. Focusing on performing fundamentals properly is key.

Athletic Trainer empolyment

Employment settings: Athletic trainers are traditionally employed at high schools, colleges and universities, and professional sport teams. Now, however, new employment opportunities are rising for athletic trainers in hospitals, sport medicine clinics, military clinics, industrial rehabilitation clinics and other allied medical environments.

Clinical Exercise Physiologist employment

Employment settings: Clinical exercise physiologists work at hospitals, specialty clinics, and health and fitness centers. Most ACSM RCEPs work in rehabilitation centers and others work in cardiac rehabilitation centers where specialized equipment and rooms are available in an outpatient facility. In all of these settings, clinical exercise physiologists work closely with nurses, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and physicians.

Ot

Employment settings: Occupational therapists and certified occupational therapy assistants (COTAs) work in hospitals, rehabilitation centers, nursing homes, and orthopedic clinics and provide outpatient service in secondary schools and college

PT employment

Employment settings: Physical therapists and physical therapy assistants (PTAs) work in hospitals, skilled nursing facilities, health and wellness centers, clinics, and specialized private clinics. Also, physical therapists can be employed by college and universities to provide on-site services to students.

Health and Fitness director skills

Experience as health and fitness counselor or personal trainer Display effective leadership skills Effective at motivating and inspiring staff Excellent communication skills Excellent business skills Experience in sales and marketing

Health and Fitness Director

Health and fitness directors are typically a part of the general management team and supervise managers and staff at their facility. This position is a seasoned position - meaning that the individual has many years of experience in the health and fitness industry. This is not an entry level position. Health and fitness directors are savvy in marketing, sales, and branding. They are ultimately responsible for the facility reaching its business goals. Some examples of health and fitness director positions are but not limited to Fitness Center Director, Director of Aquatics, Director of Fitness and Wellness, Recreation Director, and General Manager of Fitness and Wellness.

Health and Wellness Coach duties

Helps others change their lifestyle to move toward a state of optimal health by focusing on behavior change, stress management, relaxation techniques, time management, smoking cessation, weight management, and exercise prescription Assess clients for readiness to change (often times change is not easy) Conducts health screenings and fitness assessments Helps clients set short-term and long-term goals

Salient Teaching Behaviors for PE .

Here are important (salient) teaching behaviors for PE teachers. Organization, communication, instruction, motivation, and human relations are the key categories. I for one really enjoy and thrive in human relations. I fully believe when students feel that they are heard and have a solid rapport with instructors, then students are more engaged and invested. Instructors taking the time to invest in students by getting to know them and listening to them can go a long way. I love to joke around and make others laugh. So my sense of humor helps a bit as well because it often allows the students to feel relaxed and comfortable with me. I am very laid back, and many times students are overwhelmed with the rigors of higher education, and it is my goal to create an environment of fun learning without stress and pressure. My second favorite category is communication. I was a communications major in undergrad. When I teach a fitness class on campus, I always give the students high-fives. Also, in PE courses, it is important to project with your voice. Typically, in a PE class, teachers are outside or in large rooms (gymnasium, fitness center, weight room). It is important to project your voice so students can hear you. Sometimes that can be a barrier for first-time teachers because they may feel like they are yelling. I have been a basketball coach for 12 years, so that experience really helped me project my voice in my activity classes. Projection is like second nature to me. I feel very comfortable projecting my voice inside or outside. Projection also gives instructors a command in the class as well

National Standards for PE Teachers .

Here are the National Standards for Initial Physical Education Teacher (Links to an external site.)Education (Links to an external site.) for K-12. Standard 1: Content and Foundational Knowledge Physical education candidates demonstrate an understanding of common and specialized content, and scientific and theoretical foundations for the delivery of an effective preK-12 physical education program. Standard 2: Skillfulness and Health-Related Fitness Physical education candidates are physically literate individuals who can demonstrate skillful performance in physical education content areas and health-enhancing levels of fitness. Standard 3: Planning and Implementation Physical education candidates apply content and foundational knowledge to plan and implement developmentally appropriate learning experiences aligned with local, state and/or SHAPE America's National Standards and Grade-Level Outcomes for K-12 Physical Education through the effective use of resources, accommodations and/or modifications, technology and metacognitive strategies to address the diverse needs of all students. Standard 4: Instructional Delivery and Management Physical education candidates engage students in meaningful learning experiences through effective use of pedagogical skills. They use communication, feedback, technology, and instructional and managerial skills to enhance student learning. Standard 5: Assessment of Student Learning Physical education candidates select and implement appropriate assessments to monitor students' progress and guide decision making related to instruction and learning. Standard 6: Professional Responsibility Physical education candidates demonstrate behaviors essential to becoming effective professionals. They exhibit professional ethics and culturally competent practices; seek opportunities for continued professional development; and demonstrate knowledge of promotion/advocacy strategies for physical education and expanded physical activity opportunities that support the development of physically literate individuals

Health and Fitness director duties

Hires, trains, and provides support for staff Visionary who keeps current with the field of health and fitness and a mentor who supports staff members in moving toward individual goals and aspirations Does business planning, establishes budgets and renovations, selects and purchases equipment, designs and markets programs, forecasts trends Manages facility's services and programs Supervises team of managers and staff

K-12 Teacher

In K-12, there are typically three options for teaching careers that relate to PE or Kinesiology. PE teacher, Adapted PE teacher, and Health teacher are the options. Usually, Health teacher positions are only offered in junior high and high school; whereas, PE teachers and Adapted PE teachers are offered in elementary-high school. A bachelor's degree is needed to apply for a teaching credentialing program. To be accepted into a teaching credential program, the minimum qualifications is to have a bachelor's degree and a pass the CBEST. The CBEST is the California Basic Educational Skills Test. The test cost covers reading, writing and math. The tests has 50 multiple choice questions for Reading, 50 multiple choice questions for Mathematics, and two essay prompts for Writing. The length of time to complete the CBEST is four hours and the cost ranges from $41 to $102 to take the CBEST. Teaching credential programs can accept students into the program with just the bachelor's and a passing CBEST score. The next test to pass is the CSET, the California Subject Examination for Teachers. Some teaching credential programs require a passing score of the CSET prior to acceptance while others require the CSET to be passed by the time student-teaching begins in the teaching credential program. Teaching credential programs are two-year programs, and the student-teaching occurs in the second year of the program. The CSET for PE consists of three subtests and each test is $99 each. Each test has 40 multiple choice questions and 1-2 constructed response questions. Here is more information on the CSET (Links to an external site.). To get certified to teach Adapted PE, which is teaching PE to students who have disabilities, teachers have to get the APE Added Authorization. This is an additional certification and can only be attained after a Single Subject Physical Education Credential or a Multiple Subject Credential. APE Added Authorization can be completed in one year and are typically around 15 units of course work. Example classes for the APE Added Authorization are Introduction to Students with Disabilities, Students with Disabilities Field Work, and APE Program Development and Implementation. Once teachers have completed school and all of the certification, it takes two years for teachers in K-12 to earn tenure. Full-time teachers are on probation for the first two years, and if they reach tenure after two years then they receive a lifetime contract. Tenure allows teachers to have job security. Teachers can teach for 30 plus years with a sense of job security. Teachers in K-12 teach five days a week (M-F) and they work on 10-month contracts which means teachers get roughly two months off each year (winter break, summer break, and spring break). According to the California Department of Education in 2018-2019 (Links to an external site.), teachers in California make between $44,318 to $112,761.

Middle School and High School Settings:

In public and private schools for middle school and high school, coaches are typically both a faculty member and coach although there are middle school and high school coaches who are hired part-time and they are called "walk-on coaches." The walk-on coaches have expertise in their respective sport, but some however lack the credentials to teach full-time or they have not found a full-time opportunity yet. Practices for middle school and high school typically take place on school property. Practice times are generally during sixth period and after school. Coaches in this setting are to adhere to the school district guidelines and are governed by the respective high school athletic association guidelines. At this level, there is a lot of parental input that can make things challenging for coaches at this level sometimes.

Group Exercise Instructor Duties:

Leader of aerobic exercise classes, outdoor activities, aquatic fitness classes, and exercise classes for specific populations (senior citizens, prenatal and postnatal women, children, and clients who need medically supervised exercise) Competent with current exercise trends (Pilates, yoga, tai chi, and more) Explains and demonstrates warm up movements, cardio-vascular, resistance, flexibility, and cool down exercises.

Personal Trainer skills

Must have strong business skills in sales, marketing, administration, and time management Must stay creative and develop exciting ways to keep clients on track Must have excellent communication skills and be motivating and persuasive Must have social media skills (very important for independent trainers) Must build up your own brand

Group Exercise Instructor skills

Needs to be knowledgeable and dynamic, have excellent leadership skills, and enjoy working with people in a group setting Strong customer service skills Good verbal communication

Outpatient clinic settings:

Outpatient clinics settings are characterized by short-term patient visits (patients do not stay overnight). These types of facilities include physical therapy clinics, occupational therapy clinics, sports medicine clinics, and cardia rehabilitation clinics. Most outpatient clinics consist of examination areas, specialized treatment and rehabilitation areas, hydrotherapy pools, and open-space exercise areas

What is Teaching of Physical Education? .

Pedagogy is the art, science, and profession of teaching. Any teacher, instructor, or professor who teaches should have learned practices of teaching. Pedagogy is the study of teaching. There are many pedagogy methods such as Active Learning, Bloom's Taxonomy, Peer Instruction, and Student Engagement Systems. Sport pedagogy is a subdiscipline of kinesiology that studies the teaching and learning of physical activity, primarily in physical education (PE). The focus is on how to increase physical competence, enjoyment of physical activity, creating effective learning environments, and giving proper assessments. When operating in sport pedagogy, instructors must dedicate an extensive amount of time for practice. In a typical history class, an instructor may lecture for 90% of the class time. However, in a PE class, instructors are not expected to lecture on how to play volleyball for 90% of the class time. Instructors will need to lecture or demonstrate a smaller percentage of time, and at least have 50% of the class time dedicated to practicing the activity. Teaching PE is a unique way of teaching. Instructors have to allot time for dressing for class, stretching, warm-up, and cool down. Then instructors have to balance how much they teach versus how much they allow students to participate. For example, I can show you videos and lecture on how to properly shoot a basketball, but if I do not give you time to work on it, then my teaching is to no avail. Students need time to shoot a basketball over and over and over. PE classes require less amounts of time for studying. PE requires students to actively participate

Personal Trainer

Personal trainers typically work one-on-one with clients and usually receive higher pay than group exercise instructors. Some personal trainers work independently - traveling to individual clients' homes, conducting training sessions outdoors, or sub-contracting with a health and fitness facility or private gym. Many personal trainers work at health and fitness facilities. In this partnership, the personal trainer and facility split fees charged to the client (meaning the portion of the fee goes to the personal trainer and the other portion goes to the facility). Some facilities allow personal trainers to operate their own business independently in their facilities and the facility will charge the personal trainer rent (the personal trainer will have to pay their own taxes and obtain their own health insurance and liability insurance). Personal trainers usually begin their careers as group exercise instructors.

PT

Physical therapists (PT) provide rehabilitative care to a diverse patient population with a wide range of injuries, illnesses, and diseases. Patients include accident victims, people with lower back pain, arthritis, or head injuries, and those with congenital (present from birth) or acquired diseases like cancer. PTs treat individuals ranging from infants to the elderly with conditions such as joint injury, burns, cardiovascular disease, and neurological defects. Physical therapists work directly with nurses and physicians as well. Physical therapists plan, direct, and implement patient care.

Private practice:

Private practice is an entrepreneurial venture in which a professional establishes his or her own place of work. Physical therapy and occupational therapy facilities are very common in this area. Private practices are very expensive to run and operate. Due to the cost, most people do not start off in private practice. Most professionals do not begin their careers in their own practice; instead, they usually make the transition to private practice after working at an established clinical practice. This approach allows beginning allows beginning professionals to learn about the nuances of the business world and build a patient base and professional reputation.

Teacher-Coach Role Conflict

Role conflict is defined as two or more incompatible roles that are difficult to perform simultaneously (teacher and coach). Often times, at the grade school level, some coaches for sports teams are also teachers. This means that they serve two roles: a teacher and a coach. Role conflict means that a person who serves as a teacher and coach is struggling to perform both roles at the same time. This means that they do not have a good balance of performing both jobs. Typically, in this case, this means that teacher-coaches put more focus into coaching. Often times, coaches get into to teaching as a result of their passion for coaching. In some cases, teacher-coaches can put more focus into coaching than teaching, and it creates an imbalance between both jobs. An example is putting 65% of their time into coaching while only devoting 35% of time into teaching. In my job at Santa Monica College, I am a professor-coach. It is important for both of my duties to be balanced efficiently as I aspire to be an effective coach and an effective professor. Role withdrawal or retreatism occurs when one role is selected over another and results in one role suffering. In this case, the teacher-coach focuses on either coaching or teaching solely. In most cases, as alluded before, teacher-coaches get into to teaching as a result of coaching, Therefore, in many cases for role withdrawal, teacher-coaches will only focus on coaching. This means that they only focus on one aspect of the job and neglect the other. When this happens, the students in the classes suffer. There has to be a balance. If someone is hired to be a teacher-coach then both duties need to be met. Both teaching and coaching are satisfying career choices, but people must be careful to fulfill the obligations of each role if they elect to engage in both simultaneously.

Health and Wellness Coach Skills

Skills: Patience Excellent interpersonal skills and customer service skills Good organizational skills

health and fitness specilaist

Skills: Strong organizational skills needed Excellent teaching and communication skills Education: A bachelor's of science degree in exercise physiology, nutrition, dietetics, kinesiology or human kinetics is needed. Certification: Multiple certifications are required. Please click on the links and read about the process of attaining these certifications (you will need the information for your Career Paper Part 1 assignment). CPR Certified (mandatory) AED Certified (mandatory) ACLS (Advanced Cardiac Life Support) (Links to an external site.) BLS (Basic Life Support) (Links to an external site.) ACS Certified Cancer Exercise Trainer (Links to an external site.): Individuals need a bachelors of science and 500 hours of training with older adults or chronic individuals or 10,000 of work experience to apply for this certification) ACSM/NCHPAD Certified Inclusive Fitness Trainer (Links to an external site.): Individuals are qualified to work with people who have health risks and/or physical limitations ACSM (American College of Sports Medicine) (Links to an external site.) ACE (The American Council on Exercise) (Links to an external site.) NASM (National Academy of Sports Medicine) (Links to an external site.) NSCA (National Strength and Conditioning Association) (Links to an external site.) AFAA (Aerobics and Fitness Association of America) AFPA (American Fitness Professionals and Associates) NAFC (National Association for Fitness Certification) NSPA (National Strength Professionals Association)

Sport Entertainment S

Sport Entertainment is the sport industry sector consisting of organizations that seek to attract consumers to watch athletes compete. Professional leagues, college athletics, high school athletics, and the Olympics are examples of sport entertainment. There are several career sport entertainment employment settings to work in. Venue management, event management, marketing managment, legal management, public relations, and ticket sales are key areas in sport entertainment. Venue Management deals with overseeing activities, employees, and business associated with a sport entertainment facility. Venues are places like the Staples Center - where the Los Angeles Lakers, Los Angeles Clippers, and Los Angeles Kings host their home games, and the Rose Bowl Stadium - where the UCLA Bruins Football team host their home games. Management titles in venue management are but not limited to President of Staples Center (facility name), VP of Booking and Events, Concessions Manager, and Director of Security. Professionals who work for venue management are employed by the venue. When you attend a Lakers game at Staples Center, the ushers and concession workers are all employed by Staples Center and not the Lakers. People who work in venue management work to ensure a smooth experience for fans and consumers/clients (Lakers, Clippers, Kings). Venue management takes care of the bathroom cleaning, high-traffic areas, lighting, sound, concession operations, and more. Event Management is the planning, organizing, execution, and evaluation of events. These employees are responsible for the many tasks associated with hosting an event including game presentation, security, crowd engagement, customer service and much more. When you watch the Super Bowl, the halftime performance is booked and supported by event management. When you see employees throwing t-shirts into the stands and engaging fans to cheer for their team, that is under event management. When you see a cheer team cheering during the game, at halftime, and during time outs, that is event management. Event management positions make sure everything else around the game itself is running smoothly. The Los Angeles Lakers, Los Angeles Clippers, Los Angeles Kings, and Los Angeles Dodgers all have their own security for the team at games in addition to the venue security. The team's security is under event management. Marketing Management oversees the production, pricing, promotion, and distribution of sport-related product or service in a way that inspires transactions between the sport organization and its consumers. The marketing department analyzes their consumer market and their audience. One of the first things that marketing management has to identify is what is their target audience. For example, if you were to attend an Oakland Raiders game in the past, it was clearly not focused on a family atmosphere. Oakland Raiders fans are edgy and aggressively passionate. So the marketing department is going to have promotions that reach adults from 25-50 years old and primarily males. The atmosphere at the old Oakland Raider games were for mature crowds and were not too family friendly. For example, when I worked for an NBA G League team in a very small market, our target audience was families. Our promotions and atmosphere was based a family environment. We had bouncers for the kids in the arena and an arcade area for the kids. We had halftime acts that were centered around family entertainment. We always had a kid race on the floor during a timeout every game. The marketing department identifies what the target audience will like. The marketing department focuses on promotions, sponsorships, and advertising. When you see a football game halftime show called the "Taco Bell Halftime Show," - that is a marketing deal in the form of sponsorship. When you see signage of T-Mobile and Geico Insurance at Wimbledon- that is advertising. When you see "buy two single game tickets and get one free" - that is promotions. Legal Management oversees liability, contracts, and risk management as it pertains to sport entertainment. Legal management is responsible for counsel with lawsuits and dealing with lawsuits or filing lawsuits. They also work closely with public relations. For example, if an MLB player violates instructions in his contract with his team, the legal management can identify it and may have a right to fully terminate the baseball player's contract. One time with the Los Angeles Lakers, Lonzo Ball, a former player for the Lakers, had an ankle injury. He wanted to get ankle surgery from a private doctor in New York, but he did not consult with the Lakers medical staff. The Lakers let Ball and his agent know that if he proceeded with that surgery without the consent of the Lakers medical staff, then his entire contract will the Lakers would be voided per their initial contract agreement. Needless to say, Ball did not get the surgery. Legal management serve the best interest of the sport organization first as well as its assets in a way that ultimately benefits the sport organization itself. Legal management also covers risk management, which is prevention of loss associated with inadequacy areas such as financial planning, employee management, facility and equipment maintenance, customer service, and short-term and long-term planning. An example is legal counsel overseeing risk management for an NCAA athletics department. Compliance departments in athletics help to enforce and police rules and regulations to its athletics department. Legal counsel ultimately oversees that as well. VP of Counsel, General Counsel, Chief Legal Officer, Risk Management Officer, Risk Management Lawyer, and Chief Integrity Officer are example of positions in this field. Ticket Sales focuses on ways to get fans, clients, and consumers to purchase single, group, and season tickets for sporting events to drive revenue for the sports organization. Group Sales Manager, Ticket Sales Manager, Account Executive, and Vice President of Ticket Sales are some position titles in this field. Ticket sales department offer packages to entice consumers to pay to come to games. Group tickets, single tickets, luxury box tickets, and season tickets give consumers all the options to satisfy their desired needs. Season tickets are broken into full-season, half-season, quarter-season, and smaller season packages to give consumers options. I used to work in ticket sales as an Account Executive for a NBA G-League team in 2008-2009. I had to make cold calls and drive ticket sales. I was given a sales goal, which I surpassed. I sold season ticket packages, group tickets, luxury box tickets, and single tickets. During games, I provided exceptional customer service to my clients by greeting and checking on them during games. If there were any complaints about their seats, I worked with my immediate supervisor to satisfy the customer. At the game, my main job was to provide customer service to the clients at the game and solve any issues in relation to seating and the overall environment. People who work in ticket sales are usually given a base salary and commission on their sales. For example, my base salary was $16,800 and I made around an additional $5,700 in commission. Public Relations Management deals with areas such as media relations and community relations that are designed to achieve positive relationships between a sport organization and its most important constituents. When you see the Dallas Cowboys players giving out Thanksgiving meals to the community or the Los Angeles Sparks players giving out back packs and school supplies to inner city kids for school, it is all designed by the public relations department. Director of Public Relations and Public Relations Assistant are example position titles in this field. Public relations management aim to put out fires and clean up negative images or events that effect the sport organization. For example, three members of the UCLA men's basketball team were arrested in China for shoplifting when they were in China for exhibition games in 2017. Immediately the public relations team for UCLA athletics banded together to try deal with this problem. When the team returned back from China, there was a press conference scheduled with the three student-athletes, the head coach, and athletics director. All of this was organized by public relations. The student-athletes had to write and read a statement of apology at the press conference that was reviewed and given consent by public relations well in advanced. Each statement from each student-athlete featured specific elements of apologies to certain groups, organizations, and entities. Those were all directed by the public relations department. Each student-athlete administered gratitude to China, China's police, UCLA athletics staff, and President Trump, and each student-athlete apologized for their actions and how it negatively reflected UCLA's reputation.

Strength and Conditioning Specialist

Strength and conditioning specialists design weight training programs and cardiovascular conditioning programs based on the demands for specific sports and particular needs of individual athletes. They work in athletic settings such as high schools, colleges/universities, professional sport teams, health clubs, fitness centers, and specialty training centers. Strength and conditioning specialists are often referred as strength and conditioning coaches. We have a tremendous strength and conditioning coach at Santa Monica College -you will see a video of Matt Hank below.

Support Services

Support Services includes both the sporting goods industry and sporting services industry. The sporting goods industry plays an important role providing needs and wants for sports products. Employment opportunities in sporting goods are positions like Retail Store Manager, Manufacturing Sales Representative, and Licensing Administrator. Sporting goods is broken up into two segments: manufacturing and retail. Manufacturing companies examples are Nike, Adidas, and Under Armour. Nike is valued at $15.9 billion, Adidas is valued at $6.8 billion, and Under Armour is valued at $3.5 billion respectively. Manufacturing businesses can choose to sell their products directly to consumers, to other manufacturers, to distributors or to wholesalers. Retail companies are businesses like Dick's Sporting Goods, Bass Pro Shops, Big 5 Sporting Goods, Eastbay, Kohl's, Macy's, and more. These stores sell products like Nike, Adidas, and Under Armour. Retail stores can sell many different brands in the same store. We can go to Foot Locker and find Nike or Adidas Shoes. We can go to Walmart or Target buy a Spalding Basketball, a Spalding Portable Basketball, Hoop, or an Easton Baseball Bat. As a basketball coach at Santa Monica College, I am in charge of ordering our sports apparel for the team. I use Eastbay as my retailer, and I have a sales representative who assists me with my orders. Eastbay sells athletic footwear, apparel and sports equipment by direct mail. I get 25%-40% off of many items from Eastbay. Eastbay offers Nike, Adidas, and Under Armour apparel. Sporting services consists of businesses that provide needed services to other sport organizations. One service is sport insurance. Companies like K&K Insurance and Sports & Fitness Insurance Corp provides insurance for health clubs, dance/martial arts studios, sport teams, sporting events, and personal trainers. These insurance companies cover liability for sporting events and sport participants. AAU teams insure their program with sport insurance in case someone is hurt participating and a lawsuit is filed against them. There are many sport services companies. Here are some examples of sport service companies: Team Marketing Report (Links to an external site.) provides information services regarding sport consumers, ways to increase ticket and sponsorship revenues, and individual sponsorships decision makers, and more. This company provides data that will help sport organizations maximize or increase their revenue streams. Also, what is special about Team Marketing Report, is that they have great ideas about providing the best sporting experience for fans. Collegiate Licensing Company Learfield IMG College (Links to an external site.) (CLC) manages licensing programs for universities and colleges. CLC builds college brands and experiences for collegiate institutions (ex. UCLA, USC, Duke, Harvard, etc.). They focus on brand protection, brand management, and brand development services to connect passionate fans to college brands through licensed merchandise. CLC offers services in concessions, signage, ticket sales, publishing, and lots more for colleges and universities. Exclusive Sports Marketing (Links to an external site.) promotes and manages recreational sporting events such as triathlons, beach volleyball, and running events. Exclusive Sport Marketing manages about 20 events yearly. Anthony Travel (Links to an external site.) specializes in working with university athletic departments, university business travel, sport organizations, and fans. Anthony Travel handles all travel arrangements, hotel bookings, and vehicle transportation for college sport teams. They are a travel agency for universities and colleges. They prepare travel arrangements for faculty, sport teams, staff, and fans. When fans want to travel to a major bowl game or an NCAA March Madness tournament site to support their team, Anthony Travel offers their services with great travel packages.

Careers in Teaching PE and Kinesiology

Teaching in Grade School Teaching PE, Adapted PE, Dance, or Health are options for teachers in K-12. In grade school, teachers are working primarily with minors. Elementary, junior high, and high school are the differing levels of grade school. Teachers meet five days a week with their students and always have the weekend off. Professors at Colleges/Universities The teaching options are vast in higher education for PE and kinesiology. At community colleges and universities, professors can teach Health, Yoga, Pilates, Exercise Science, PE, Adapted PE, Kinesiology, Exercise Physiology, Biomechanics, and more. At this level, professors can teach multiple types of classes. For example, I have taught Health, Introduction to Kinesiology, Coaching of Basketball, Beginning/Intermediate Soccer, Beginning/Intermediate/Advanced Basketball, Weight Training, Fitness, Aerobics, Beginning Walking for Fitness, Field Experience, Coaching in Sport, and Boxing for Fitness. At the college level, professors can teach both lecture and activity class or all lecture or all activity classes. In college, students are usually 18 or older and class meeting times are flexible. Classes can meet once a week, online, hybrid, twice as week, or as much as four times a week during summer school and winter intercession.

Education:

The education for this position is very flexible. High school diploma or AA/BS degree in kinesiology or another health- and fitness-related discipline is recommended. Certification needed in one or more of the following: Most of these links lead directly to the group exercise instructor portion of the website; please click on the links and read about the process of attaining these certifications (you will need the information for your Career Paper Part 1 assignment). CPR Certified (mandatory) AED Certified (mandatory) AFAA (Aerobics and Fitness Association of America) (Links to an external site.) AFPA (American Fitness Professionals and Associates) (Links to an external site.) ACE (The American Council on Exercise) (Links to an external site.) ACSM (American College of Sports Medicine) (Links to an external site.) NAFC (National Association for Fitness Certification) (Links to an external site.) NSPA (National Strength Professionals Association) (Links to an external site.) NASM (National Academy of Sports Medicine)

Health and Fitness Specialist

The health and fitness specialist position typically is a professional position for individuals who have completed a bachelor of science in kinesiology or exercise science as well as additional training and certifications. A health and fitness specialist is usually the initial contact person for clients who are looking into joining a health and fitness facility.

Sports Management Settings

The sport industry can be divided into three segments: sport entertainment, support services, and sport participation. All three segments share functional roles within the industry. Professional sport teams and nonprofit sport organizations both require marketing and financial and legal services.

Alternative Curriculums

There are plenty of ways to institute curriculum in PE classes. Below are some great examples of curriculum that can be used. The elective curriculum: This curriculum allows learners to choose one activity from a wide selection of activities (really popular amongst K-6). This means a teacher will give students various options (kick ball, volleyball, dodgeball, basketball) and the students get to pick the activity that they would like to engage in. The fitness curriculum: This curriculum emphasizes cardiorespiratory efficiency, muscular strength, endurance, flexibility, and body composition. This model is typically used in junior high and high school. Students engage in health-related activities such as swimming, running, circuit training, and aerobics. This curriculum is very popular as it is a way to address health concerns such as the obesity epidemic. The sport education model: In this curriculum, students are treated as athletes. Students are formed into teams and not only learn how to play but also assume some responsibility for roles as managers, coaches, trainers, and officials. I personally use this model in my basketball classes. I break the class in to two teams and I designate two player-coaches. The player-coaches get to draft their team, run organized practices, manage substitutions, and play in a organized scrimmage that I referee. I make sure to have substitution rules and time limits in place so that all students have equal opportunity to play in the game. The wilderness and adventure education curriculum: This curriculum introduces learners to canoeing, backpacking, camping, skiing, rope courses, first aid, rock - climbing, white-water rafting, and more. This model is based on school geographic location and is typically offered at colleges and universities due to liability concerns with minors. Schools can offer certain classes based on their surroundings. For instance, Santa Monica College is close to the beach, so we offer surfing classes and beach volleyball classes. The social development model: This curriculum is concerned with teaching students self-control and responsibility. This model is good for environments in which students have not had opportunities to develop personal responsibility and positive social skills. This model is popular with elementary students. The teaching games for understanding model: This curriculum emphasizes teaching tactical awareness, game strategies, and game appreciation while placing less emphasis on initial motor skill development.

College and University Settings

Work settings at the college level vary according to the institution. Coaches at the California Community College level often coach one sport and teach kinesiology classes. They function in the professor-coach role. Additionally, at the California Community College level, there are part-time coaches who also teach classes part-time. At the national junior college level, teaching and coaching as typically separate. The coaches at that level generally are compensated for strictly coaching and are not professors. At the university level (four-year institutions), coaches are paid only to coach. At the college and university levels, practices are held at the school and games are held at the school and away. There are plenty of supplemental responsibilities at this level. There is limited interaction with parents at this level outside of recruiting. Most of the athletes in college are legalized adults; thus, the need of dealing the parents on regular basis dwindles. Coaches have to adhere to the NCAA, NAIA, NJCAA, CCCAA, or other basketball associations as it relates to competition and compliance. At the university level, specifically the power schools (UCLA, Kentucky, Alabama, Oklahoma) and power conferences (PAC-12, SEC, ACC, Big Ten), coaches are compensated really well.

key Pedagogical Principles for PE

allow significant time for game-like drills and repetition to learn a skill. For example, if you are going to teach your class how to serve a volleyball, you need to ensure that each student has enough time to practice and learn the skill of serving. Always be concerned about class management and disciplineClass management means having proper organization to teach effectively, to maximize student engagement, and to optimize student learning. Discipline means teaching rules and enforcing rules when they are broken, and rewarding exceptional behavior. Teachers need to have high expectations, be firm and warm, and describe how rules will be enforced. Assess for student learningAssessments in PE are different than in lecture classes. In PE, instructors can proctor physical ability tests, timed physical ability tests, game-play tests, strategy tests, and skill-set tests. Free-throw shooting tests in basketball, timed soccer dribbling through zig-zag cones, and a timed mile are examples of assessments in PE classes. Provide clear, specific feedbackFeedback should be positive and encouraging.Sandwich approach: When a teacher needs to critique or provide constructive criticism, the sandwich approach is a good way to present the message. The sandwich approach takes a positive + negative + positive. The positive represents the "bread" of the sandwich and the "negative" represents the meat of the sandwich.Constructive Criticism only: "Kyle, you need to get lower in your defensive stance"Sandwich Approach: "Kyle, great job running the floor. Remember, you need to get lower in your defensive stance, but great job hustling for that loose ball." Using two positives to sandwich the critique is easier for students to absorb and not negatively focus on the critique.Teachers sometimes focus on an aspect of performance that does not require feedback while neglecting an area that does require feedback. It is important to know what to emphasize and what not to emphasize. Teachers need provide less feedback during game play. This means that students need the opportunity to play and get a feel game or activity. For example, if your class starts a game of soccer, it is important for the PE teacher to not blow the whistle and stop live play every time there is a mistake. Feedback provided during game play can be valuable, but it should not be so often to that it interrupts game play frequently. Ensure an equitable learning environment that addresses the individual needs of all learners.It is not good practice to have biases against students with less ability. The use of elimination games should not be used by teachers as a way to get rid of the lesser talented players or participants.It is not okay to single out obese and out-of-shape students in negative ways.It is not okay to allow other students to ridicule or embarrass low-skilled or obese students.Neglecting to adjust your teaching approach for students who carry personal problems into the learning environment is not right. As teachers, we are to be mindful and equitable to serve all of our students.

Sport Management

is a subdiscipline of kinesiology focused on the study and practice of all people, activities, businesses, or organizations involved in producing, facilitating, promoting, or organizing any sport-related business or product. Many sport management professions relate indirectly to the manipulation of physical activity itself (ex., fitness center administration) and others focus on manipulation elements that support spectatorship (ex., promotions, marketing, public relations) in order to maximize customer satisfaction. The field is vast and has many career options. The goal of sport management professionals are to provide support services, facilities, and other amenities to make physical activity experiences—performance as well as spectatorship—as enjoyable as possible.

Sport Participation

is the area where organizations provide opportunities for consumers to engage in sport activities themselves. When you go to a Lakers game, you are there to be entertained by the NBA players playing the game of basketball. When you go to a bowling alley, fitness center, golf clubs, country clubs or a batting cage, you are going to participate in the sport or activity itself. LA Fitness and 24 hour fitness offer basketball and racquet ball courts for consumers to play. Going to an ice-skating rink or a rock-climbing studio are also examples of providing sport activities for consumers. There are for-profit organizations like bowling alleys, roller-skating rinks, country clubs, and fitness centers. Then there are non-profit organizations like YMCA, YWCA, Boys & Girls Clubs. In this area there are positions like Youth Sports Coach, Golf Trainer, and Skating Instructor. There are areas to work in like management, sales, marketing, risk management, and more.

Habilitative therapeutic exercise

is the processes and treatments leading to the acquisitions of skills and functions that are normal and expected for an individual of a particular age and status. For example, we would expect different physical performances standards of a lawyer than we would of an athlete. For instance, a fit athlete that lacks cardiovascular endurance or strength to perform the tasks of his/her sport would need habilitation in intensive conditioning and training. Another example of habilitation is a child who is not walking at an age when it is expected to be able to walk, and the child receives habilitation to get him/her to meet the walking milestone. Specialized habilitation focuses on meeting standards that exceed rather than merely meet those of the general population such as sport training, military boot camp, fire or police academy. These specialized groups are required to meet certain physical demands on their jobs. This type of habilitation prepares these groups to perform their jobs. These standards can include running a five-minute mile, having a BMI within a certain range, and the ability to lift a certain amount of weight. Some obese populations require habilitation in proper nutrition and exercise counseling. Therapeutic exercise therapists work collaboratively with physicians, nutritionists, and counselors. Children with developmental disorders require the assistance of therapeutic exercise therapists. Teaching a child how to use a prosthetic device or performing basic skills like rolling over, walking or eating are just some of the duties of therapists.

Rehabilitative therapeutic exercise

is the processes and treatments that restore skills or functions that were previously acquired but have been lost because of injury, disease, or behavioral traits such as voluntary inactivity. If you have ever torn a muscle or broken a bone, then you know the value of rehabilitation in helping you regain lost functions. Neuromuscular injuries are injuries to nerves or muscles that cause pain and limit or prevent the performance of physical activities. Some examples of neuromuscular injuries are Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis. Therapeutic exercise therapists have to offer careful treatment and train slowly to not further damage the nerves or muscles. Musculoskeletal injuries like stroke, spinal cord injuries, back problems, fractures, tendinitis can prevent the nervous system from functioning properly and can also lead to decrease in cardiovascular function. Athletic injuries involves fractures, torn ligaments, sprains, shin splints, concussions, ACL tears, and more. Almost immediately after injury, rehab begins for athletes and once the limb regains strength and range of motion then athlete must be reintegrated into athletic activity. The biggest goal for therapeutic exercise specialists working with athletic injuries is to help athletes get back to playing form to compete at a high level. Prehabilitation aims to enhance general health and well being prior to major surgery. For example, therapeutic exercise therapists may help clients develop as much strength and range of motion as possible before surgery. Postsurgical trauma rehabilitation is the decreased muscle mass and function and decreased cardiovascular efficiency due to surgery. For example, a person who tears their MCL can walk around still and get surgery days or weeks later. However, after surgery to repair the MCL injury, patients are on crutches for a period time because of the postsurgical trauma. Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation include patients with coronary artery disease, arrhythmia, hypertension, heart attacks and emphysema (heart and lung problems). Therapy for these patients include walking, running, swimming, and resistance exercises. Older populations rehabilitation deals with the natural decrease in strength and flexibility in older individuals. Percentage of body fat typically increases in senior citizens. Therapeutic exercise therapists modify workouts for older people with joint pain and arthritis using exercises like water aerobic workouts.

Sports Indust

ry The Sport Industry is the market in which the products offered to its buyers are fitness, sport, recreation, and leisure related. There are four categories in the sports industry: goods, services, people, and places. Goods cover sport merchandise (ex., hats, jerseys, clothing) and sport equipment (ex., gloves, bats, balls, scorer's table). Goods are the items that are for sale that are needed for sport and sporting events. Businesses who sale lockers for locker rooms, goals for soccer, cones for drills, and nets for table tennis offer goods for sport participation and sporting events. Services in the sport industry include health clubs (ex., training facilities), sport marketing, public relations, sport psychology, and sport agents (ex., for athletes, coaches, sport administrators). The service industry provides services for the participants in the sport itself such as coaches, athletes, and referees. People in the sport industry are the professional athletes and coaches. Professional athletes like LeBron James, Tom Brady, Naomi Osaka, Phil Michelson, Canelo Alvarez, and Candace Parker are endorsers for products and businesses. These athletes are a brand themselves and many companies employ professional athletes to help sell and popularize their products or business. Established coaches can get endorsement deals as well as they can be a brand themselves as well. Places in the sports industry are golf courses, ice skating rinks, tennis courts, bowling alleys, batting cages, arenas, stadiums, and more. These are places of business that offer access to the sporting facilities for sporting events and/or practice.

Commercial Sport Setting

s: Commercial sport settings are places where coaching and sport instruction is offered as a product or service in a business venture. These settings range from arenas, stadiums, practice facilities of professional teams, and training facilities of country clubs and training facilities. Some of these facilities offer elaborate facilities (especially professional team facilities like the NFL, NBA, and MLB). The owners are in control of the facility as they are for profit. Commercial sport settings are the Sports Academy (Links to an external site.), Sports Training Complex (Links to an external site.), IMG Academy (Links to an external site.), AT&T Stadium, (Dallas Cowboys Arena) (Links to an external site.) and UCLA Health Training Facility (Lakers practice facility) (Links to an external site.). Coaches are able to run practices and games at these facilities. Sport instructors and trainers can work at training facilities like Sports Academy, country clubs for tennis or golf, and Sports Training Complex. Sport instructors and trainers typically pay a rental fee to train in commercial sport settings. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Clinical

settings includes hospitals, outpatient medical facilities, and sports medicine and physical therapy clinics. In clinical health and fitness settings, the focus is on but not limited to preventive screenings, physical therapy, cardiac rehabilitation, chronic disease management, water exercise therapy, weight management, and nutrition counseling. In these settings, clients work with a host physicians, therapists, and clinical personnel.