Procedures 1 Final Exam Study Questions
T/F The radiographer may provide a preliminary interpretation of the radiographic study if requested by the patient.
False
T/F The use of low kV and high mAs is the ideal combination of exposure factors to reduce patient dose.
False
T/F The xiphoid process is a reliable positioning landmark for determining the lower margin of the lungs for chest positioning.
False
T/F Top of image receptor placed approximately 3 inches (7.6 cm) above the shoulders is a recommended centering technique for adult chest radiography.
False
Which basic projection of the elbow best demonstrates the trochlear notch in profile? a. lateral b. AP c. lateral rotation oblique d. medial rotation oblique
a. lateral
In which region or compartment of the abdomen is the pancreas located? a. Retroperitoneal b. Infraperitoneal c. Extraperitoneal d. Intraperitoneal
a. retroperitoneal
Which radiographic landmark is most reliable to evaluate the posteroanterior (PA) projection of the abdomen for rotation? a. xiphoid process b. ASIS c. ala of ilium d. symphysis pubis
c. ala of ilium
Which of the following kV ranges (analog) should be used for a shoulder series on an average adult? 70 to 80 kV 55 to 60 kV 65 to 75 kV 80to 90 kV
70 to 80 kVp
The vertebra prominens corresponds to the level of: a. C4-5 b. C7 c. C5 d. T2
B. C7
The laryngeal prominence is a positioning landmark located at the level of: a. C3 b. T1 c. C5 d. C7
C. C5
T/F The Folio method is performed to rule out a nondisplaced fracture of the thumb.
False
T/F The acronym PACS refers to picture archiving connection system.
False
T/F The arm should be abducted about 45° for an AP scapula.
False
T/F Rheumatoid arthritis is three times more common in men than women.
False
T/F A 72inch (183-cm) source image distance (SID) is recommended for most scapula studies.
False
T/F According to the ARRT Code of Ethics, a radiologic technologist may discuss a patient's clinical history with a family member.
False
T/F According to the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT) Code of Ethics, a radiologic technologist may render a diagnosis during a radiographic examination if requested by the patient.
False
T/F An electrocardiography and echocardiography are the same procedure.
False
T/F Collimation guidelines indicate the upper border of the collimation field should be approximately 3 inches (7.6 cm) above the vertebra prominens.
False
T/F Contrary to common belief, the vertical dimension of an average PA chest is greater than the horizontal dimension.
False
T/F Decubitus chest projections are placed for viewing the way the image receptor "sees" them.
False
T/F Epiglottitis is a condition that is primarily seen with geriatric patients.
False
T/F For a Grashey method projection of the shoulder, the CR is centered to the acromion.
False
T/F Gonadal shielding can be used for a KUB abdomen projection on an adolescent female with possible urinary stones.
False
T/F It is legally acceptable to write "right" or "left" on a radiograph if the anatomic side marker is not visible.
False
T/F PA or AP oblique projections are placed on the view box with the patient's right side of the body facing the viewer's right.
False
T/F PA transaxillary (Hobbs modification) requires a 5° to 15° CR cephalic angle.
False
Which type of body habitus typically requires that the image receptor be placed landscape rather than portrait for a posteroanterior (PA) chest?
Hypersthenic
What type of central ray (CR ) angle is required for the lateral scapula position?
None
T/F
True
T/F A small pneumothorax may be detected by performing inspiration and expiration PA projections.
True
T/F According to the ARRT Code of Ethics, radiologic technologists must participate in continuing education activities throughout their professional career.
True
T/F As a general rule, the use of high kV (110 to 120 kV) requires the use of a grid during chest radiography.
True
T/F Carpal tunnel syndrome is more common in middle-aged women than in middle-aged men.
True
T/F For anterior oblique radiographs of the chest, the elongated (widened) aspect of the thorax is generally furthest from the image receptor.
True
T/F Geriatric patients generally require higher central ray (CR) centering than younger patients for chest radiography.
True
T/F Gonadal shielding can often be used with male patients for the AP supine abdomen projection.
True
T/F It is common practice to view a PA projection with the patient's left facing the viewer's right.
True
T/F Motion of the patient's diaphragm can be stopped by providing proper breathing instructions.
True
T/F Nuclear medicine is generally more sensitive than radiography for assessing bones of the upper limb for either metastatic bone lesions or stress fractures.
True
T/F One of the early signs of rheumatoid arthritis is soft tissue swelling near the ulnar styloid process.
True
T/F Scoliosis and kyphosis may produce asymmetry of the sternoclavicular joints and rib cage as demonstrated on a PA chest radiograph.
True
T/F The CR is centered to midsternum for the AP apical lordotic projection with a 14- ´ 17-inch (35- ´ 43-cm) image receptor (IR).
True
T/F The Pigg-O-Stat is recommended for erect abdomen projections on young pediatric patients.
True
T/F The lateral abdomen position will best demonstrate the prevertebral region.
True
T/F The most common type of involuntary motion in the abdomen is peristalsis.
True
T/F The pancreas is located posterior to the stomach.
True
T/F The radiographer has the responsibility of communicating with the patient to obtain pertinent clinical information.
True
T/F The radiographic criteria for a true lateral finger indicate equal concavity of the anterior and posterior aspects of the phalanges.
True
T/F The recommended SID for AC joints is 72 inches (183 cm).
True
T/F When performing the lateral projection of the upper airway, exposure should be made during a slow, deep inspiration rather than at the end of the inspiration.
True
T/F When placing radiographs of the hand on the view box, the digits should be pointing upward.
True
What central ray angulation is required for the tangential projection-supraspinatus outlet (Neer method)? a. 10 to 15 degree caudad b. 45 degree caudad c. none, central ray perpendicular d. 25 degree medially
a. 10 to 15 degree caudad
Which of the following analog technical factors is ideal for adult chest radiography? a. 120 kV, 800 mA, 1/40 seconds, 72-inch (183 cm) SID b. 125 kV, 400 mA, 1/40 seconds, 40-inch (102 cm) SID c. 120 kV, 600 mA, 1/60 seconds, 60-inch (153 cm) SID d. 100 kV, 200 mA, 1/20 seconds, 60-inch (153 cm) source image receptor distance (SID)
a. 120 kV, 800 mA, 1/40 seconds, 72-inch (183 cm) SID
How much rotation of the hands is required for the AP oblique bilateral (Norgaard method) hand projection? a. 45° b. 30° to 35° c. 5° to 10° d. 20°
a. 45
From a pronated position, which of the following is required for a PA oblique projection of the fourth digit of the hand? a. 45° lateral rotation b. 30° to 35° lateral rotation c. 30° to 35° medial rotation d. 45° medial rotation
a. 45° lateral rotation
A patient with a fractured forearm had the fracture reduced and a fiberglass cast placed on the extremity. The orthopedic surgeon orders a postreduction study. The original kV was 60 kV. Which one of the following kV factors should be selected for the postreduction study? a. 63 kV b. 67 kV c. 70 kV d. 75 kV
a. 63 kV
A patient comes to radiology with a clinical history of pneumoperitoneum. The patient is able to stand and lie recumbent. Which one of the following projections will best demonstrate the severity of this condition? a. AP erect abdomen b. AP KUB c. right lateral decub d. dorsal decub
a. AP erect abdomen
Where is the central ray (CR) placed for a PA projection of the third digit? a. At the proximal interphalangeal joint b. At the metacarpophalangeal joint c. At the distal interphalangeal joint d. At the head of the third metacarpal
a. At the proximal interphalangeal joint
A radiograph of an AP axial projection of the clavicle demonstrates that the clavicle is within the midaspect of the lung apices. What should the technologist do to correct this error? a. Increase the cephalic CR angle during repeat exposure. b. Increase the caudal CR angle during repeat exposure. c. Do nothing; this is an acceptable AP axial clavicle projection. d. Make the exposure upon complete inspiration.
a. Increase the cephalic CR angle during repeat exposure.
Why is the PA projection of the abdomen less desirable for a KUB than the AP projection? a. Kidneys are farther from the image receptor with PA projection. b. There is an increased gonadal dose with the PA projection. c. It is not less desirable, but is the radiographer's choice. d. The PA projection is less comfortable for the patient.
a. Kidneys are farther from the image receptor with PA projection.
Which of the following structures is considered to be most proximal? a. Olecranon process b. Head of ulna c. Coronoid process d. Radial tuberosity
a. Olecranon process
A patient arrives in radiology with a metal foreign body in the palm of the hand. Which of the following hand routines should be performed on this patient to confirm the location of the foreign body? a. PA and lateral in extension projections b. PA and lateral in flexion projections c. PA and fan lateral projections d. PA and Gaynor-Hart method
a. PA and lateral in extension projections
A patient is lying on her back facing the x-ray tube. The right side of her body is turned 20° toward the image receptor. What is this radiographic position? a. RPO (right posterior oblique) b. LAO (left anterior oblique) c. LPO (left posterior oblique) d. RAO (right anterior oblique)
a. RPO
The heart is located in the anterior chest at the level of: a. T5-8. b. T10-12. c. the arch of the aorta. d. the thymus gland.
a. T5-8
Situs inversus is a condition in which: a. all major organs are in the opposite side of the body. b. the liver is in the left abdomen. c. the thymus gland is absent. d. the heart is located in the left thorax.
a. all major organs are in the opposite side of the body
An upright position with the arms abducted, palms forward, and head forward describes the _____ position. a. anatomic b. AP c. oblique d. decub
a. anatomic
A PA chest radiograph reveals that the pendulous breasts of the patient are obscuring the base of the lungs. What should be done to lessen the effects of the breast shadow? a. Ask patient to lift breasts up and outward. b. Use a higher kV (beyond 125) to penetrate tissue. c. Take an AP rather than PA projection. d. Have patient take a deeper inspiration before exposure.
a. ask patient to lift breasts up and outward
Which special projection of the wrist is ideal for demonstrating possible calcification in the dorsal aspect of the carpals? a. carpal bridge b. lateral wrist c. ulnar deviation d. carpal canal
a. carpal bridge
The joint found between the base of the third metacarpal and carpal bone is the: a. carpometacarpal. b. intercarpal. c. proximal metacarpophalangeal. d. interphalangeal.
a. carpometacarpal
Movement in the form of a circle is the definition for: a. circumduction b. rotation c. retraction d. protraction
a. circumduction
Which aspect of the small intestine is considered the shortest? a. duodenum b. ileum c. jejunum d. cecum
a. duodenum
The radiocarpal (wrist) joint possesses a(n) ____ type of joint movement. a. ellipsoidal b. trochoidal c. ginglymus d. plane
a. ellipsoidal
What is the name for the structure that serves as a lid over the larynx to prevent aspiration of food or fluid? a. epiglottis b. hyoid bone c. oropharynx d. uvula
a. epiglottis
A patient enters the ED with a possible perforated duodenal ulcer. The patient is ambulatory. Which of the following projections will best demonstrate intraperitoneal air in the abdomen? a. erect PA chest b. AP supine c. right lateral decub d. dorsal decub
a. erect PA chest
Which of the following structures is considered to be most posterior? A. esophagus B. trachea C. layrnx d. hyoid bone
a. esophagus
A general rule states that radiographic grids are required with chest radiography for: a. exposure factors using 100 kV or greater. b. all pediatrics. c. all adults. d. exposure factors using 80 kV or below.
a. exposure factors using 100 kV or greater
Which routine projection of the shoulder requires that the humeral epicondyles be parallel to the IR? a. External rotation b. Neutral rotation c. Internal rotation d. Posterior oblique (Grashey method)
a. external rotation
Which carpal articulates with both the fourth and fifth metacarpals? a. Hamate b. Capitate c. Trapezoid d. Triquetrum
a. hamate
A radiograph of the PA scaphoid projection reveals extensive superimposition of the scaphoid and adjacent carpals. Which of the following factors can lead to this problem? a. Insufficient ulnar deviation b. Slight flexion of the phalanges c. Insufficient CR angle distally d. Elevation of the hand and wrist
a. insufficient ulnar deviation
In which region or compartment of the peritoneum is the spleen located? a. Intraperitoneum b. Extraperitoneum c. Retroperitoneum d. Infraperitoneum
a. intraperitoneal
A patient is erect with the left side directly against the image receptor. The central ray (CR) enters the right side of the body. What is this radiographic position? a. left lateral b. right lateral c. dorsal decub d. left lateral decub
a. left lateral
A patient comes to radiology with possible bleeding within the abdomen. The patient is unable to stand or sit for any projections. Which of the following projections would be most effective in demonstrating fluid within the abdomen for this patient? a. left lateral decub b. AP KUB c. AP supine chest d. right lateral dorsal decub
a. left lateral decub
A patient is in the intensive care unit with multiple injuries. The attending physician is concerned about a pleural effusion in the left lung. The patient had surgery recently and cannot stand. Which position/projection would be best to rule out the pleural effusion? a. left lateral decubitus b. AP supine c. right lateral decubitus d. apical lordotic
a. left lateral decubitus
The vertical plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves describes the _____ plane. a. median or midsagittal b. horizontal c. longitudinal d. coronal
a. median or midsagittal
Which of the following structures helps stabilize and support the small intestine? a. mesentary b. omentum c. peritoneum d. viscera
a. mesentary
A longitudinal plane that divides the body into equal anterior and posterior parts is the _____ plane. a. midcoronal b. oblique c. midsagittal d. horizontal
a. midcoronal
A patient enters the ED with a possible scaphoid fracture. The patient is unable to assume the ulnar deviation position. Which of the following positions should be performed to confirm the diagnosis? a. Modified Stecher b. Gaynor-Hart c. Jones d. Coyle
a. modified stetcher
Which one of the following is the most common primary malignant bone tumor? a. Multiple myeloma b. Osteosarcoma c. Osteocarcinoma d. Osteochondroma
a. multiple myeloma
A patient enters the ED in severe pain with a possible dislocation of the elbow. The patient has the elbow flexed more than 90°. Which one of the following routines should be performed to confirm the diagnosis? a. Partially flexed AP and limited lateral projections b. Jones method and limited lateral projection c. Coyle method and limited lateral projection d. Lateral elbow only
a. partially flexed AP and limited lateral projections
What is the name of the structure that serves as a common passageway for both food and air? a. pharynx b. epiglottis c. larynx d. esophagus
a. pharynx
Air or gas that escapes from the lungs into the pleural cavity results in a condition known as: a. pneumothorax b. hemidiaphragm c. air bronchogram d. hemothorax
a. pneumothorax
Which of the following actions will lead to the proximal radius crossing over the ulna? a. Pronation of the hand b. Placing epicondyles parallel to image receptor c. External rotation of elbow d. Supination of the hand
a. pronation of the hand
A dorsal decubitus abdomen is ordered on a patient. The patient is placed on his back on a cart. The CR will enter the left side of the patient with the patient's right side against the image receptor. What type of marker should be used? a. right and decub markers b. left and decub markers c. write "dorsal decub" on image after processing d. do not use any right or left marker, only decub
a. right and decubitus marker
A patient enters the ED with a possible pneumothorax in the left lung. Because of trauma, the patient cannot stand or sit erect. Which of the following positions would best demonstrate this condition? a. right lateral decub b. AP supine c. left lateral decub d. LPO and RPO
a. right lateral decub
In which of the four major quadrants of the abdomen would the gallbladder be found? a. Right upper quadrant b. Right lower quadrant c. Left upper quadrant d. Left lower quadrant
a. right upper quadrant
Of the following positioning actions, which one will remove most of the scapulae from the lung fields? a. roll shoulders forward b. depress shoulders c. elevate chin d. none of the above
a. roll shoulders forward
Which of the following is NOT correct for the AP Scapula position? a. Rotate the patient arm medially b. arm abduct 90 degree c. SID 40 inches d. 10 x 12 Image receptor (IR) required
a. rotate the patient arm medially
Which of the following carpals articulates with the radius? a. Scaphoid b. Hamate c. Triquetrum d. Pisiform
a. scaphoid
Which of the following structures is part of the lymphatic system? a. spleen b. suprarenal glands c. inferior vena cava d. kidneys
a. spleen
The jugular notch is located on the: a. sternum b. thyroid cartilage c. C7 d. scapula
a. sternum
Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton? a. Sternum b. Hip bone c. Clavicle d. Radius
a. sternum
A PA chest radiograph reveals that only seven ribs are seen above the diaphragm on a healthy adult. Which of the following suggestions would improve the inspiration of lungs? a. Take exposure on the second inspiration rather than on the first. b. Use higher kV to penetrate the diaphragm. c. Perform chest position supine. d. Use a shorter exposure time.
a. take exposure on the second inspiration rather than on the first
Which of the following is NOT a form of occupational lung disease? a. tuberculosis b. asbestosis c. anthracnosis d. silicosis
a. tuberculosis
Which special projection of the wrist will open up the interspaces on the ulnar side of the wrist? a. ulnar deviation b. radial deviation c. carpal bridge d. carpal canal
b radial deviation
What CR angle is required with the modified Robert's method? a. 5° proximally (toward the wrist) b. 15° proximally (toward the wrist) c. 20° distally (away from the wrist) d. 10° distally (away from the wrist)
b. 15° proximally (toward the wrist)
What is the minimal number of projections taken for a study of the right hip? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
b. 2
Where is the CR centered for the left lateral decubitus projection of the abdomen? a. Xiphoid process b. 2 inches (5 cm) above iliac crest c. 2 inches (5 cm) below iliac crest d. Level of iliac crest
b. 2 inches (5 cm) above iliac crest
At what level should the central ray (CR) be placed for a left lateral decubitus projection of the abdomen? a. Iliac crest b. 2 inches (5 cm) above iliac crest c. ASIS d. Umbilicus
b. 2 inches above iliac crest
What CR centering should be used for a dorsal decubitus projection of the abdomen? a. Place bottom of cassette at level of ASIS b. 2 inches (5 cm) above iliac crest c. At level of iliac crest d. At level of umbilicus
b. 2 inches above iliac crest
Which chest oblique position will best demonstrate the air-filled trachea, heart, and great vessels? a. 60° RAO b. 60° LAO c. 45° LAO d. 45° RAO
b. 60 LAO
Which of the following kV ranges is recommended for a KUB on an adult? a. 110-120 b. 70-80 c. 90-100 d. 50-60
b. 70-80
Which of the following factors must be applied to minimize distortion of the heart? a. Performing study erect b. 72-inch (183-cm) SID c. High-kV technique d. Using high mA and short exposure time
b. 72-inch SID
Which of the following manual exposure factors would produce the desired qualities for an abdominal projection on an average-sized adult? a. 75 kV, 400 mA, 1/15 sec, grid, 60-inch (153 cm) SID b. 75 kV, 600 mA, 1/30 sec, grid, 40-inch (102 cm) SID c. 90 kV, 600 mA, 1/20 sec, grid, 40-inch (102 cm) SID d. 75 kV, 400 mA, 1/20 sec, nongrid, 40-inch (102 cm) SID
b. 75 kV, 600 mA, 1/30 sec, grid, 40-inch (102 cm) SID
Which of the following projections of the wrist will best demonstrate the wrist joint and intercarpal spaces if the patient can assume this position? a. 30° PA oblique b. AP c. PA d. Gaynor-Hart
b. AP
A patient enters the ED with a possible ascites. The patient is ambulatory. Which of the following projections of the abdomen will best demonstrate this condition? a. PA prone b. AP erect c. PA erect chest d. AP supine
b. AP erect
Which routine projection of the elbow best demonstrates the radial head and tuberosity free of superimposition? a. AP b. AP oblique with lateral rotation c. AP oblique with medial rotation d. Lateral
b. AP oblique with lateral rotation
Which projection best demonstrates pathology involving the first carpometacarpal joint? a. PA oblique thumb b. AP thumb, modified robert's c. norgaard method d. PA scaphoid, ulnar deviation wrist projection
b. AP thumb, modified robert's
The thyroid gland is located at the approximate level of: a. C1-3 b. C5-7 c. epiglottis d. carina
b. C5-7
What is a common radiographic sign seen on a chest radiograph for a patient with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)? a. fluid in apices b. air bronchogram sign c. enlargement of the heart d. elevated disphragm
b. air bronchogram sign
A patient enters the ED with an elbow injury. The partially flexed AP and lateral positions reveal a possible fracture of the coronoid process. The patient's elbow is partially flexed and he refuses to extend it farther. Which one of the following positions should be performed to confirm the fracture of the coronoid process? a. Coyle method with 90° flexion, CR angled 45° toward the shoulder b. Coyle method with 80° flexion, CR angled 45° away from shoulder c. Gaynor-Hart method d. Jones method
b. Coyle method with 80° flexion, CR angled 45° away from shoulder
A radiograph of a tangential, inferosuperior projection of the carpal canal reveals that the hamate is superimposed over the pisiform. Which of the following measures will correct this problem? a. Decrease the CR angle. b. Rotate the wrist and hand 10° internally. c. Increase the CR angle. d. Increase the extension of the hand and/or wrist.
b. Rotate the wrist and hand 10° internally.
The xiphoid process is at the vertebral level of: a. L2-3. b. T9-10. c. T5-6. d. T2-3.
b. T9-10
What is the purpose of performing the AP partially flexed projections of the elbow? a. To separate the radial head from the ulna b. To provide an AP perspective if patient cannot fully extend elbow c. To demonstrate any possible elevated fat pads d. To provide a view of the radial head and capitulum
b. To provide an AP perspective if patient cannot fully extend elbow
A nonvisible posterior fat pad on a well-exposed, correctly positioned lateral elbow radiograph generally suggests: a. a congenital defect. b. negative study for injury. c. fracture of one of the bones of the elbow. d. injury to the synovial joint.
b. a negative study for injury
Which positioning line must be placed perpendicular to the plane of the IR for an AP projection of the upper airway? a. mentomeatal b. acanthiomeatal c. midcoronal d. orbitomeatal
b. acanthiomeatal
Which term describes an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity of the abdomen? a. intussusception b. ascites c. adynamic ileus d. volvulus
b. ascites
Where must the CR be centered for an AP supine projection of the abdomen as part of the acute abdominal series? a. at level of axilla b. at level of iliac crest c. 2" above iliac crest d. level of umbilicus
b. at level of iliac crest
Where is the CR centered for a PA projection of the hand? a. At the third proximal interphalangeal joint b. At the third metacarpophalangeal joint c. At the base of the third metacarpal d. At the third distal interphalangeal joint
b. at the third metacarpophalangeal joint
Which of the following is a condition in which all or part of a lung is collapsed, requiring an increase in manual exposure (analog) factors? a. pneumonia b. atelectasis c. pneumothorax d. bronchiectasis
b. atelectasis
To ensure that the diaphragm is included on the erect abdomen projection, the top of the image receptor should be at the approximate level of the: a. jugular notch b. axilla c. xiphoid process d. inferior costal margin
b. axilla
The lower concave area of the lung is termed the: a. apex b. base c. hilum d. costophrenic angle
b. base
A patient comes to radiology with a clinical history of an umbilical hernia. Which one of the following abdomen projections would best demonstrate it? a. left lateral decub b. dorsal decub c. KUP d. AP erect abdomen
b. dorsal decub
What is the final step taken before making the exposure during a positioning routine? a. Collimation adjustments b. Ensuring correct gonadal shield placement c. Image receptor centering d. Placing anatomic markers on image receptor
b. ensuring correct gonadal sheild placement
Which of the following structures is NOT considered as a mediastinal structure? a. thymus gland b. epiglottis c. aorta d. trachea
b. epiglottis
A radiograph of an AP oblique elbow with medial rotation reveals that the radial head is superimposed over part of the coronoid process. What positioning error has been committed? a. Flexion of the elbow b. Excessive medial rotation c. Incorrect CR angulation d. Excessive lateral rotation
b. excessive medial rotation
What type of respiration should be employed during the exposure for the anteroposterior (AP) kidneys, ureter, and bladder (KUB) abdomen projection? a. inspiration b. expiration c. either inspiration or expiration d. shallow breathing during exposure
b. expiration
What is another common term for the greater omentum? a. mesentary b. fatty apron c. peritoneum d. adipose layer
b. fatty apron
The interphalangeal joints have a(n) ____ type of joint movement. a. sellar b. ginglymus c. ellipsoidal d. plane
b. ginglymus
Which of the following objects does NOT have to be removed or moved before a chest radiography? a. bra b. glasses c. t-shirt d. necklace
b. glasses
To ensure that the inferior margin of the abdomen is included on a KUB radiograph, the technologist should palpate the: a. ASIS b. greater trochanter or symphysis pubis c. iliac crest d. inferior costal margin
b. greater trochanter or symphysis pubis
Which of the following bony structures is found on the distal aspect of the ulna? a. Coronoid process b. Head c. Olecranon process d. All of the above
b. head
The technologist must ____ manual exposure factors for a patient with severe ascites. a. decrease b. increase c. switch to AEC d. not change
b. increase
Which of the following topographic landmarks corresponds to L2-3 vertebral level? a. ASIS b. inferior costal margin c. jugular notch d. xiphoid process
b. inferior costal margin
Which of the following AP shoulder projections demonstrates the lesser tubercle in profile medially? a. External rotation b. Internal rotation c. Neutral rotation d. None of the above
b. internal rotation
What is the name of the joint found between the proximal and distal phalanges of the first digit? a. Metacarpophalangeal b. Interphalangeal c. Proximal interphalangeal d. Distal interphalangeal
b. interphalangeal
What is the proper name for the acute flexion elbow projection? a. Modified Stecher method b. Jones method c. Gaynor-Hart method d. Coyle method
b. jones method
The two most common landmarks for chest positioning are the: a. lower margin of thyroid cartilage and vertebra prominens. b. jugular notch and vertebra prominens. c. jugular notch and top of shoulders. d. top of shoulders and xiphoid process.
b. jugular notch and vertebra prominens
Which of the following conditions is NOT considered a clinical indication for an acute abdominal series? a. infection b. kidney stone c. intra-abdominal mass d. obstruction
b. kidney stone
A patient is erect facing the x-ray tube and leaning the shoulders backward 20° to 30° toward the IR. The central ray is perpendicular to the IR. What specific position has been performed? a. tangential b. lordotic c. kyphotic d. oblique
b. lordotic
The AP humerus requires that the humeral epicondyles are _____ to the IR. a. set at a 45 degree angle b. parallel c. perpendicular d. slightly oblique
b. parallel
Of the following factors, which one is most crucial to demonstrate possible air and fluid levels in the chest? a. Using high mA and short exposure time b. Patient in erect or decubitus position c. 72-inch (183-cm) SID d. High-kV technique
b. patient in erect or decubitus position
How should the humeral epicondyles be aligned for a lateral projection of the elbow? a. 30° to image receptor b. Perpendicular to image receptor c. Parallel to image receptor d. 45° to image receptor
b. perpendicular to the IR
Which specific anatomy is better visualized with a fan lateral as compared with the other lateral projections of the hand? a. Sesamoid bones b. Phalanges c. Carpals d. Carpometacarpal joints
b. phalanges
Why must the technologist slightly angle the CR caudad for most AP projections of the chest? a. Prevents overlap of the chin on the upper airway. b. Prevents clavicles from obscuring apices of the lungs. c. Separates the heart from the great vessels. d. Elongates the carina.
b. prevents clavicles from obscuring apices of the lungs
Which of the following muscles should be demonstrated on a well-exposed abdomen projection on an average size patient? a. quadratus lumborum b. psoas major c. latissimus dorsi d. erector spine
b. psoas major
What is the name of the two small depressions found on the anterior aspect of the distal humerus? a. Trochlea and capitulum b. Radial and coronoid fossa c. Olecranon and coronoid fossa d. Olecranon and radial fossa
b. radial and coronoid fossa
A representation of the patient's anatomic structures that can be obtained, viewed, manipulated, and stored digitally is the definition for: a. radiographic film b. radiographic image c. radiographic examination d. radiography
b. radiographic image
The patient is lying on her right side on a cart. The anterior surface of the patient is against the image receptor. A horizontal central ray enters the posterior surface and exits the anterior surface of the body. What specific projection/position has been performed? a. left lateral decubitus b. right lateral decubitus c. AP d. PA
b. right lateral decubitus
Which is the most commonly fractured carpal bone? a. lunate b. scaphoid c. hamate d. trapezium
b. scaphoid
The first carpometacarpal joint is classified as a____ joint. a. ginglymus b. sellar c. trochiodal d. plane
b. sellar
The smooth, depressed, center portion of the trochlea used for evaluating rotation on a lateral elbow is termed the trochlear: a. fossa b. sulcus c. depression d. process
b. sulcus
A projection in which the CR skims a body part to project it in profile is termed: a. lordotic b. tangential c. axial d. decubitus
b. tangential
For an AP portable chest on an older or hypersthenic male patient, which of the following should occur? a. The image receptor generally should be placed portrait. b. The CR should be centered 3 inches (8 cm) below the jugular notch. c. The CR should be centered to the mammillary (nipple) line. d. None of the above should occur
b. the CR should be centered 3 inches below the jugular notch
A patient enters the ED with a possible Bennett's fracture. Which of the following routines should be performed to confirm this diagnosis? a. Wrist b. Thumb c. Finger d. Forearm
b. thumb
Why is it recommended that the medial oblique projection be performed rather than the lateral oblique for the second digit of the hand? a. To be more comfortable for the patient b. To improve radiographic contrast c. To open up joints better d. To minimize optimal immunomodulating dose (OID)
b. to improve radiographic contrast
Which two structures primarily form the hinge-like structure and movement of the elbow joint? a. Capitulum and trochlea b. Trochlea and olecranon process c. Coronoid fossa and trochlea d. Coronoid process and coronoid fossa
b. trochlea and olecranon process
The bending or forcing of the hand laterally with the hand pronated in a posteroanterior (PA) projection is known as: a. radial deviation. b. ulnar deviation. c. ulnar extension. d. radial abduction.
b. ulnar deviation
Which two structures form the distal radioulnar joint? a. Coronoid tubercle and radial notch b. Ulnar notch and head of ulna c. Radial notch and radial head d. Radial tuberosity and ulnar notch
b. ulnar notch and head of ulna
A correctly positioned lateral chest radiograph demonstrates some separation of the posterior ribs owing to the divergent x-ray beam. But a separation of greater than ____ cm indicates objectionable rotation from a true lateral. a. 2 b. 0.5 c. 1 d. 3
c. 1
Where is the CR centered for the bilateral acromioclavicular (AC) joint projection on a single 14- ´ 17-inch (35 ´ 43 cm) image receptor? a. At the sternal angle b. At the affected AC joint c. 1 inch (2.5 cm) above jugular notch d. At the level of the thyroid cartilage
c. 1" above jugular notch
How many separate bones are found in the adult human body? a. 215 b. 181 c. 206 d. 236
c. 206
How much CR angulation to the long axis of the hand is required for the tangential, inferosuperior projection to demonstrate the carpal sulcus (canal)? a. 35° to 45° b. 5° to 10° c. 25° to 30° d. 10° to 15°
c. 25-30
The central ray (CR) for an anteroposterior (AP) supine, adult chest projection, should be centered: a. to the level of T4. b. at the vertebra prominens. c. 3 to 4 inches (8 to 10 cm) below the jugular notch. d. at the xiphoid process.
c. 3 to 4 inches below jugular notch
An ellipsoidal joint allows movement in ____ directions. a. 2 b. all c. 4 d. 6
c. 4
How much rotation of the humeral epicondyles is required for the AP medial oblique projection of the elbow? a. 30 b. 20 c. 45 d. 90
c. 45
The inferosuperior axial projection (Clements modification) requires a CR angle of ____ toward axilla if a patient cannot fully abduct extremity 90°. a. 40° to 45° b. none c. 5° to 15° d. 35°
c. 5 to 15
How many bones are found in the wrist? a. 14 b. 5 c. 8 d. 7
c. 8
Which of the following imaging modalities often requires the use of intravenous, iodinated contrast media for studies of the abdomen? a. magnetic resonance b. nuclear med c. CT d. sonography
c. CT
A patient enters the emergency department (ED) to be treated for severe trauma. The physician orders an AP supine chest to evaluate the lungs. What can the technologist do to reduce the magnification of the heart? a. Place the cassette landscape. b. Use a short exposure time. c. Increase SID as much as possible. d. Increase super optical device (SOD) as much as possible.
c. Increase SID as much as possible
Which of the following factors must be observed for an AP erect abdomen projection? a. Use a higher kV technique. b. Collimate lower border to level of ASIS. c. Patient needs to be upright a minimum of 5 minutes before imaging. d. Increase SID to 72 inches (183 cm) to minimize magnification.
c. Patient needs to be upright a minimum of 5 minutes before imaging.
Where is the central ray centered for an AP Internal rotation of the shoulder? a. Perpendicular, to humeral head b. 25 degree medially to axilla c. Perpendicular, directed to 1inch (2.5 cm) inferior to coracoid process d. Perpendicular, to body of scapula
c. Perpendicular, directed to 1inch (2.5 cm) inferior to coracoid process
Why is it important to keep the phalanges parallel to the IR for a PA oblique projection of the hand? a. Prevents foreshortening of radiocarpal joint b. Demonstrates the sesamoid bones near the first interphalangeal joint c. Prevents foreshortening of phalanges and obscuring of interphalangeal joints d. Opens up the carpometacarpal joints
c. Prevents foreshortening of phalanges and obscuring of interphalangeal joints
In which of the four major quadrants of the abdomen would the cecum be found? a. RUQ b. LUQ c. RLQ d. LLQ
c. RLQ
A radiograph of an anteroposterior (AP) abdomen demonstrates elongation (widening) of the left iliac wing and narrowing of the right iliac wing. Which one of the following positioning errors produced this radiographic outcome? a. CR off center to the left b. Rotation to the right (right posterior oblique) c. Rotation to the left (left posterior oblique) d. Left hip was internally rotated more than right hip
c. Rotation to the left (left posterior oblique)
A radiograph of a supine KUB on a hyposthenic patient reveals that the symphysis pubis is cut off along the bottom of the radiograph. The top of the left kidney is also cut off along the top of the radiograph. What modifications does the technologist need to make for the repeat exposure? a. Center the cassette lower and make the exposure on inspiration. b. Use two 35 ´ 43 cm (14 ´ 17 inch) cassettes crosswise, one centered lower and the other one higher. c. Use two 35 ´ 43 cm (14 ´ 17 inch) cassettes lengthwise, one centered lower and one centered higher. d. Center the cassette higher and use a second smaller cassette to include the bladder region.
c. Use two 35 ´ 43 cm (14 ´ 17 inch) cassettes lengthwise, one centered lower and one centered higher.
The prominent protuberance found on the anterior aspect of the ilium is the: a. ischial tuberosity. b. iliac crest. c. anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS). d. symphysis pubis.
c. anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
Why is the left lateral decubitus preferred over the right lateral decubitus abdomen for an acute abdomen series? a. Any intraperitoneal air will be visualized along the spleen. b. It is more comfortable for the patient. c. Any intraperitoneal air will be visualized along the lower liver margin. d. It allows any gas in the large intestine to move toward the liver.
c. any intraperitoneal air will be visualized along the lower liver margin
An ileus is the formal term for: a. free air in the peritoneal cavity. b. perforated bowel. c. bowel obstruction. d. bleeding in the abdomen.
c. bowel obstruction
A condition characterized as an irreversible dilation or widening of bronchi or bronchioles that may result from repeated pulmonary infection or obstruction is termed: a. dyspnea b. asthma c. bronchitis d. bronchiecstasis
c. bronchiecstasis
Which of the following structures is considered to be most lateral? a. trochlea b. proximal radioulnar joint c. capitulum d. coronoid tubercle
c. capitulum
The internal prominence or ridge in which the trachea bifurcates into the right and left bronchi is termed the: a. hilum b. thyroid cartilage c. carina d. costophrenic angle
c. carina
A young child comes to radiology with an elbow injury. The basic elbow projections demonstrate a possible nondisplaced fracture of the coronoid process. Beyond the medial oblique projection, what additional projection(s) can be performed to demonstrate the coronoid process in profile? a. Coyle method with 45° CR angle toward shoulder b. Acute flexion projection c. Coyle method with 45° CR angle away from shoulder d. Radial head lateral projections
c. coyle method with 45 degree CR angle away from the shoulder
The technologist must ____ manual exposure factors for the patient with a large ileus. a. not change b. switch to AEC c. decrease d. increase
c. decrease
Misrepresentation of object size or shape as projected onto radiographic recording media is the general definition for: a. margin loss b. magnification c. distortion d. penumbra
c. distortion
A patient comes to radiology with a clinical history of a possible abdominal aortic aneurysm. Which of the following abdominal projections would best demonstrate this condition? a. left lateral decub b. AP erect c. dorsal decub d. right lateral decub
c. dorsal decub
A radiograph of an AP projection of the elbow reveals that there is complete separation of the proximal radius and ulna. What positioning error has been committed? a. Incorrect CR location and angle b. Excessive medial rotation c. Excessive lateral rotation d. Partial flexion of the joint
c. excessive lateral rotation
A radiograph of a PA oblique of the hand reveals that the midaspect of the fourth and fifth metacarpals is superimposed. What specific positioning error has been committed? a. Incorrect CR angulation b. Insufficient rotation of the hand and/or wrist c. Excessive rotation of the hand and/or wrist d. Fingers of the hand are not parallel to IR
c. excessive rotation of the hand and/or wrist
A patient with a history of carpal tunnel syndrome comes to radiology. The physician wants to rule out abnormal calcifications in the carpal sulcus. Which of the following projections would best demonstrate this region? a. coyle method b. jones method c. gaynor-hart method d. carpal bridge
c. gaynor-hart method
A ginglymus joint can also be referred to as a _____ joint. a. saddle b. trochoid c. hinge d. pivot
c. hinge
How should the original kV range be changed with a fiberglass cast applied for a wrist or forearm radiographic procedure? a. No change b. Increase 5 to 7 kV c. Increase 3 to 4 kV d. Increase 8 to 10 kV
c. increase 3 to 4 kV
The most inferior positioning landmark on the abdomen/pelvis is the: a. iliac crest. b. symphysis pubis. c. ischial tuberosity. d. anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS).
c. ischial tuberosity
What is a common palpable landmark for the AP chest projection on the obese patient? a. xiphoid process b. costal angle c. jugular notch d. vertebra prominens
c. jugular notch
Which routine projection of the elbow best demonstrates the olecranon process in profile? a. AP b. Medial rotation oblique c. Lateral d. Lateral rotation oblique
c. lateral
A patient is in the intensive care unit after abdominal surgery. The surgeon is concerned about a possible perforated bowel. The patient cannot stand or sit. Which of the following positions will best demonstrate any possible intra-abdominal free air? a. Ventral decubitus b. Right lateral decubitus c. Left lateral decubitus d. Dorsal decubitus
c. left lateral decubitus
Where is the CR centered for a transthoracic lateral projection for proximal humerus? a. Midaxilla b. Level of the greater tubercle c. Level of surgical neck d. 1 inch (2.5 cm) inferior to the acromion
c. level of surgical neck
What is the general term for a position in which the long axis of the body is angled in relationship to the image receptor rather than the central ray (e.g., special chest projection)? a. Trendelenburg b. axial c. lordotic d. decubitus
c. lordotic
A radiograph of the elbow demonstrates the radius directly superimposed over the ulna and the coronoid process in profile. Which projection of the elbow has been performed? a. AP b. lateral rotation oblique c. medial rotation oblique d. lateral
c. medial rotation oblique
How much CR angulation should be used for a scapular Y projection? a. 10° to 15° b. 20° to 30° c. No CR angle should be used. d. 35° to 45°
c. no CR angle should be used
Which of the following structures is considered to be most posterior? a. radial tuberosity b. trochlea c. olecranon process d. coronoid process
c. olecranon process
The second most common type of primary cancerous bone tumor is: a. chondrosarcoma. b. multiple myeloma. c. osteogenic sarcoma. d. Ewing's sarcoma.
c. osteogenic sarcoma
Local or generalized infection of bone or bone marrow caused by bacteria introduced by trauma or surgery is a condition termed: a. osteoarthritis. b. Paget's disease. c. osteomyelitis. d. cellulitis.
c. osteomyelitis
Which of following is NOT one of the evaluation criteria applied in the evaluation of images? a. exposure criteria b. collimation and CR c. patient condition d. anatomy demonstrated
c. patient condition
What is the name of the double-walled tissue that lines the abdominopelvic cavity? a. omentum b. viscera c. peritoneum d. mesentary
c. peritoneum
Which carpal bone is the smallest? a. capitate b. hamate c. pisiform d. scaphoid
c. pisiform
Pleurisy may be demonstrated radiographically by associated: a. silicosis b. pneumothorax c. pleural effusion d. empyema
c. pleural effusion
Why is the right kidney usually lower in the abdomen than the left kidney? a. Presence of right suprarenal gland b. Presence of the stomach c. Presence of the liver d. Presence of right colic flexure
c. presence of the liver
The thymus gland is at its maximum size at: a. age 21 b. age 40 c. puberty d. birth
c. puberty
When performing the lateral projection of the upper airway, exposure should be made during a slow, deep inspiration rather than at the end of the inspiration. a. horizontal b. anatomic c. recumbent d. fowler
c. recumbent
The AP oblique bilateral hands projection ("ball-catcher's position") is performed to evaluate for early signs of: a. osteoporosis. b. bursitis. c. rheumatoid arthritis. d. gout.
c. rheumatoid arthritis
A PA chest radiograph reveals that the left sternoclavicular joint is closer to the spine than the right joint. What specific positioning error has been committed? a. right tilt b. rotation into the RAO position c. rotation into the LAO position d. left tilt
c. rotation into the LAO position
Which one of the following clinical indications often requires the inspiration/expiration chest series to be taken? a. primary tuberculosis b. chronic asthma c. small pneumothorax d. pneumoconiosis
c. small pneumothorax
Which of the following organs is NOT considered an accessory organ for digestion? a. gallbladder b. liver c. spleen d. pancreas
c. spleen
Which of following statements is NOT true? a. The right bronchus is shorter than the left bronchus. b. The right lung contains three lobes. c. The left bronchus is more horizontal than the right bronchus. d. The angle of divergence of the left bronchus is greater than that of the right bronchus.
c. the left bronchus is more horizontal than the right bronchus
With the radial head projections, what is the only difference between the four projections? a. The CR angulation b. The SID used for each projection c. The position of the hand and/or wrist d. The amount of flexion of the elbow
c. the position of the hand and/or wrist
A patient is erect with the left side of his chest placed against the image receptor. The central ray enters the right side of the upper chest and exits the left. Which specific position has been performed? a. dorsal decub b. ventral decub c. transthoracic lateral d. right lateral
c. transthoracic lateral
A "skier's thumb" is an injury of the: a. trapezium. b. scaphoid. c. ulnar collateral ligament. d. pronator fat stripe.
c. ulnar collateral ligament
A well-inspired healthy adult chest PA projection will have a minimum of ____ posterior ribs seen above the diaphragm. a. 7 b. 12 c. 8 d. 10
d. 10
Grids are generally not required unless the anatomy measures greater than _____ cm in thickness. a. 5 b. 8 c. 14 d. 10
d. 10
What type of CR angle is required for the AP semi axial (alternative lordotic) projection for the lung apices? a. None. CR is perpendicular to IR. b. 25° to 35° caudad. c. 10° to 15° caudad. d. 15° to 20° cephalad.
d. 15-20 cephalad
Where is the CR centered for the posterior oblique position (Grashey) for the glenoid cavity? a. 1 inch ( 2.5 cm) superior to the coracoid process b. Coracoid process c. Acromion d. 2 inches (5 cm) medial and inferior to the superolateral border of shoulder
d. 2 inches (5 cm) medial and inferior to the superolateral border of shoulde
What is the distance between the tabletop and Bucky tray on most floating tabletop type of tables? a. 2 to 3 inches (5 to 7.6 cm) b. 1/2 to 1 inch (1.3 to 2.5 cm) c. 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5.1 cm) d. 3 to 4 inches (8 to 10 cm)
d. 3 to 4 inches (8 to 10 cm)
Which of the following sets of exposure factors would be best for an adult upper limb study using an analog (film-screen) system? a. 64 kV, 200 mA, 1/20 sec, large focal spot, detail-speed screens b. 78 kV, 600 mA, 1/60 sec, large focal spot, detail-speed screens c. 80 kV, 600 mA, 1/60 sec, large focal spot, high-speed screens d. 64 kV, 300 mA, 1/30 sec, small focal spot, detail-speed screens
d. 64 kV, 300 mA, 1/30 sec, small focal spot, detail-speed screens
For an average-size female patient, where is the CR placed for a PA projection of the chest? a. 2 inches (5 cm) above the shoulders b. 3 inches (7.6 cm) below the jugular notch c. 8 inches (20 cm) below the vertebra prominens d. 7 inches (18 cm) below the vertebra prominens
d. 7 inches (18cm) below the vertebra prominens
What is the recommended kV range for upper airway projections (analog and digital imaging)? a. 50 to 65 kV b. 110 to 120 kV c. 90 to 100 kV d. 75 to 85 kV
d. 75 to 85 kV
A patient comes to radiology with a possible mass beneath the right clavicle. The PA and left lateral projections are inconclusive. Which additional projection/position can be taken to demonstrate this possible mass? a. right lateral b. AP erect c. AP and lateral of upper airway d. AP lordotic
d. AP lordotic
The opposite term for supination is: a. adduction b. retraction c. protraction d. pronation
d. pronation
The iliac crest corresponds with the ____ vertebral level. a. L1 b. L2-3 c. T12 d. L4-5
d. L4-5
A patient is erect facing the image receptor. The left side of the body is turned 45° toward the image receptor. The CR enters the posterior aspect of the body and exits the anterior. What is this radiographic position? a. PA b. LPO c. left lateral d. LAO
d. LAO
An ambulatory patient comes to radiology with a clinical history of possible pneumonia. The patient complains of pain in the center of her chest. What positioning routine should be performed on this patient? a. AP and right lateral projections b. PA and both decubitus projections c. PA and right and left lateral projections d. PA and left lateral projections
d. PA and left lateral projections
A radiograph of a PA projection of the hand reveals that the distal radius and ulna and the carpals were cut off. What should the technologist do to correct this problem? a. Accept the radiograph. Carpals and distal radius and ulna are not part of a hand study. b. If the injury to the patient did not involve the carpal region and distal forearm, do not repeat it. c. Make sure the carpals, distal radius, and ulna are included on the lateral projection. d. Repeat the PA projection to include all the carpals and about 1 inch (2.5 cm) of the distal radius and ulna.
d. Repeat the PA projection to include all the carpals and about 1 inch (2.5 cm) of the distal radius and ulna.
Which of the following clinical indications would suggest the need for a dorsal decubitus abdomen position? a. aneurysms b. umbilical hernia c. calcification of the aorta d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Which of the following conditions can produce a dynamic bowel obstruction? a. Fibrous adhesions b. Crohn's disease c. Intussusception d. All of the above
d. all of the above
Which of the carpal bones is considered to be the largest? a. Hamate b. Triquetrum c. Trapezium d. Capitate
d. capitate
Which of the following structures is considered to be most inferior? a. vocal cords b. epiglottis c. hyoid bone d. carina
d. carina
A 16-year-old female patient enters the emergency department (ED) with a possible kidney stone. She complains of pain in the right lower pelvis region. Which of the following options should be taken in regard to gonadal shielding? a. Use it on all projections if correctly placed. b. Ask the patient or her parents for their permission to not shield the gonads. c. Use it on the preliminary projection only. d. Do not use it.
d. do not use it
A patient is lying on her back. The x-ray tube is horizontally directed with the CR entering the right side of the body. The image receptor is adjacent to the left side of the body. What is the radiographic position? a. left lateral b. right lateral decub c. left lateral decub d. dorsal decub
d. dorsal decub
Which of the following best demonstrates the radial head using the trauma lateral Coyle method routine? a. Elbow flexed 90°, CR perpendicular to image receptor b. Elbow flexed 90°, CR angled 30° toward shoulder c. Elbow flexed 80°, CR angled 45° away from shoulder d. Elbow flexed 90°, CR angled 45° toward shoulder
d. elbow flexed 90, CR angled 45 toward shoulder
The first metacarpophalangeal joint has a(n) ____ type of joint movement. a. trochoidal b. plane c. sellar d. ellipsoidal
d. ellipsoidal
The suprarenal glands are part of the _____ system. a. urinary b. exocrine c. lymphatic d. endocrine
d. endocrine
A patient enters the ED with a possible hemothorax in the right lung. With help, the patient can sit erect on a cart. Which of the following routines would best demonstrate this condition? a. Right lateral decubitus b. Left lateral decubitus c. RPO and LAO erect d. Erect PA and erect right lateral on cart
d. erect PA and erect right lateral on cart
The CR placement for an AP projection (modified Robert's method) of the thumb is at the: a. first proximal interphalangeal joint. b. first distal interphalangeal joint. c. midproximal phalanx of the first digit. d. first carpometacarpal joint.
d. first carpometacarpal joint
A patient comes to radiology with a possible tear of the ulnar collateral ligament of the wrist. The patient complains of discomfort near the thumb region. Basic thumb projections do not demonstrate any type of fracture or dislocation. Which one of the following projections can be performed to confirm an injury to the ulnar collateral ligament? a. norgaard method b. modified robert's c. gaynor-hart d. folio
d. folio method
The greater omentum extends from the transverse colon to the: a. duodenum. b. inferior margin of liver. c. posterior abdominal wall. d. greater curvature of the stomach.
d. greater curvature of the stomach
What two bony landmarks are palpated for positioning of the elbow? a. Trochlea and capitulum b. Radial and ulnar styloid processes c. Humeral condyles d. Humeral epicondyles
d. humeral epicondyles
The two fat stripes of the wrist demonstrated radiographically are known as the scaphoid fat stripe and the _____ fat stripe. a. pisiform b. abductor c. anterior d. pronator
d. pronator
What is the primary disadvantage of performing an AP projection of the chest rather than a PA? a. AP projection requires more kV as compared with the PA projection b. More radiation exposure to the lungs c. Distortion of the ribs d. Increased magnification of the heart
d. increased magnification of the heart
A patient comes to radiology for a routine chest study. On the PA projection, the radiologist sees a possible calcification near a rib, but she cannot tell whether the calcification is in the lung or on the rib. What additional projections would assist with the diagnosis? a. right lateral b. apical lordotic c. both lateral decubitus d. inspiration/expiration PA
d. inspiration/expiration PA
What is the correct anatomic name for the Adam's apple? a. cricoid cartilage b. epiglottis c. sternum d. laryngeal prominence
d. laryngeal prominence
Which of the following solid organs is the largest found in the abdomen? a. pancreas b. spleen c. kidneys d. liver
d. liver
The inner layer of the pleura that encloses the lungs and heart is called the: a. parietal pleura b. pericardial sac c. omentum d. pulmonary or visceral pleura
d. pulmonary or visceral pleura
A lateral elbow radiograph demonstrates about half of the radial head superimposed by the coronoid process of the ulna. Which of the following occurred? a. The hand was pronated rather than in a true lateral position. b. The hand and wrist were rotated laterally and not in a true lateral position. c. The shoulder was not dropped sufficiently to the tabletop level. d. No positioning errors occurred.
d. no positioning errors occurred
A general positioning rule is to place the long axis of the part ____ to the long axis of the image receptor. a. perpendicular b. adjacent c. axial d. parallel
d. parallel
The radiographic term projection is defined as: a. computer-assisted image b. radiographic image as seen from the vantage of the image receptor. c. general position of the patient d. path or direction of the central ray
d. path or direction of the central ray
CR for an AP supine chest should be aligned: a. at the level of the xiphoid process. b. at the level of the jugular notch. c. perpendicular to the long axis of the clavicles. d. perpendicular to the long axis of sternum.
d. perpendicular to the long axis of sternum
Pyelo refers to: a. renal cortex b. urinary bladder c. ureter d. renal pelvis
d. renal pelvis
Which of the following abdominal regions would contain the right colic (hepatic) flexure? a. Epigastric b. Right hypochondriac c. Right inguinal d. Right lateral lumbar
d. right lateral lumbar
What is the best method to control voluntary motion during abdominal radiography? a. second breath hold b. use of small focal spot c. careful instructions to patient d. short exposure time
d. short exposure time
The preferred imaging modality for examining the gallbladder is: a. MRI b. barium enema study c. nuclear med d. sonography
d. sonography
Which of the following structures is considered to be most distal? a. Radial tuberosity b. Radial head c. Capitulum d. Styloid process
d. styloid process
A dorsoplantar projection would be a radiographic study of: a. any atomic region b. the skull c. the hand d. the foot
d. the foot
A radiograph of an AP KUB reveals that the obturator foramina are cut off from the bottom of the image. The kidneys and symphysis pubis are demonstrated. What centering adjustments should the technologist make to improve this image? a. Use two 35 ´ 42 cm (14 ´ 17 inch) cassettes crosswise. b. Center the cassette 2 inches (5 cm) below the iliac crest. c. Open up the collimators to include the ischial tuberosities. d. This radiograph is correctly centered. No centering adjustments are necessary.
d. this radiograph is correctly centerd
Which aspect of the large intestine is found between the left and right colic flexures? a. ascending colon b. descending colon c. sigmoid colon d. transverse colon
d. transverse colon
Which routine projection of the elbow will best demonstrate an elevated or visible posterior fat pad? a. true AP with no rotation b. lateral rotation oblique c. coyle method d. true lateral with 90 degree flexion
d. true lateral with 90 degree flexion
Which wrist ligament is attached to the styloid process of the ulna and continues to the triquetrum and pisiform? a. Radial collateral ligament b. Dorsal radiocarpal ligament c. Palmar radiocarpal ligament d. Ulnar collateral ligament
d. ulnar collateral ligament
Which one of the following structures is NOT part of the ulna? a. coronoid tubercle b. radial notch c. styloid process d. ulnar notch
d. ulnar notch
A 3-year-old patient comes to radiology for an abdominal study. Even with careful instructions and immobilization, the patient is having difficulty holding still. Which of the following should be done to minimize motion on the radiograph? a. Increase kV. b. Decrease SID. c. Ask an older experienced radiographer to hold patient. d. Use a shorter exposure time.
d. use a shorter exposure time
The upper margin of the lungs is at the level of the: a. laryngeal prominence b. jugular notch c. sternal angle d. vertebra prominens
d. vertebra prominens
A patient enters the emergency department (ED) with a Smith fracture. Which region of the upper limb must be radiographed to demonstrate this injury? a. elbow b. trapezium c. hand d. wrist and forearm
d. wrist and forearm
