Project Management- Unit 2 SOPHIA

The open system theory views outputs as:

the result of inputs and throughputs.

The external (or general) environment includes:

all outside factors and influences that impact the operation of a business.

What is an employee who moves to and works in a foreign country for a company?

Expatriate

What is the most basic and cost-effective approach to going international, whereby a company sends its product to an international market and fills the order just as it fills a domestic order?

Exporting

Who frames and influences an organizational culture the most?

Founder or top-level leaders

What is a strategy that assumes the world is extremely interconnected and that patterns of consumption and production are fairly homogeneous worldwide?

Global strategy

Traits that may be concealed or revealed at discretion by individuals who possess them are called what?

Hidden diversity

Kotter's change model works best in what type of organization?

Hierarchical

According to the competing values framework, an organization with an internal focus and a stability/control orientation has what kind of culture?

Hierarchy Culture

You must hire a foreign national to head up your new office in Germany. What leadership style should you look for in this person?

Highly charismatic

You must hire a foreign national to head up your new office in Australia. What leadership style should you look for in this person?

Highly humane-oriented

You must hire a foreign national to head up your new office in Finland. What leadership style should you look for in this person?

Highly participative

What is the invisible network of interpersonal relationships that shape how people actually connect with one another to carry out their activities in an organization?

Informal organization

Diversity helps organizations perform best when what is true?

It is aligned with a specific business strategy.

You are asked for advice on how to best adapt to the culture of Japan. What is one piece of advice that you should give?

Learn the language.

What is the breadth of systems that need to be changed within an organization called?

Level of change

What is a potential characteristic of the access-and-legitimacy workplace diversity perspective?

Little discussion about conflict

Because cows are considered sacred in India, McDonald's must adapt its menu there. What strategy is this called?

Local strategy

A firm's internal environment includes which of the following?

Marketing operations

What is it called when group members perceive that they are experiencing discrimination because of their accent?

National Origin Discrimination

Change that affects an entire organizational system or several of its units is called what?

Organization-level change

What is the process by which managers define organizational structure and culture so that the organization can achieve its goals?

Organizational design

What kind of risk is the risk of a foreign direct investment?

Political risk

What is it called when dominant group members perceive that they are experiencing discrimination based on their race or sex?

Reverse discrimination

What explains how individuals encode information about others based on their demographic characteristics?

Schema theory

What is the degree to which required change will disrupt current patterns and routines?

Scope of change

Which theory suggests that people use categorization to simplify and cope with large amounts of information?

Social cognitive theory

What is the self-concept based on an individual's physical, social, and mental characteristics?

Social identity theory

What is the system of activities arranged to engage employees in a manner that assists the organization in achieving a sustainable competitive advantage?

Strategic Human Resources Management

You have been placed in charge of a very diverse organization, which has a history of discord and morale problems. As a leader, what should be one step you take with regard to diversity?

Value a variety of opinions.

What is one of the most common types of organizational structure, which includes divided duties of labor, specialization, and a hierarchy of responsibility?

What is one of the most common types of organizational structure, which includes divided duties of labor, specialization, and a hierarchy of responsibility?

A contemporary external environmental trend that is challenging the survival and effectiveness of many business organizations is __________.

artificial intelligence

An environment with a large number of external elements where the elements are dissimilar and the elements remain the same or change slowly is a __________.

complex-stable environment

An interpersonal form of discrimination that manifests in ways that are not visible or readily identifiable is called __________.

covert (interpersonal) discrimination

A multinational corporation offers you a job at an overseas office. To best prepare you for this assignment, the company arranges __________.

cross-cultural training at the foreign site.

The assumption that all people within a culture act, think, and behave the same way is called __________.

cultural stereotyping

In the view of open systems theory, inputs are __________.

transformed

Why is the internet a key factor causing globalization?

Companies located anywhere in the world can find new markets.

An approach to change that emphasizes the bottom-up, emergent approach to the design of change, relying on the ability of people to self-manage and adapt to their local circumstances, is called what?

Complex adaptive systems model

According to Hofstede, what is the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the member of one group or category of people from another?

Culture

If you are setting up a business operation in a low power distance country, what strategy should you pursue?

Decentralized structure

What is the term for characteristics that are non-observable such as attitudes, values, and beliefs?

Deep-level diversity

Your department at a large corporation has employees from several different racial backgrounds and genders working together. There are communication problems and friction in the department. As a manager, what is one thing you can implement to create more positive work relationships?

Diversified mentoring relationships

What is a potential characteristic of the discrimination-and-fairness workplace diversity perspective?

Employee morale declines

What is a potential characteristic of the integration-and-learning workplace diversity perspective?

Enhanced cross-cultural exchange

Foreign direct investment in the United States by German companies is an example of __________.

globalization

An example of globalization's impact on trade barriers is __________.

lower tariffs

As a change model, Appreciative Inquiry (AI) is best described as a __________.

participatory approach

To assure expatriate success, as HR director you arrange for all expatriate employees to have __________.

pre-departure or post-arrival cross-cultural training

As a company internationalizes their operations, they might pursue a(n) __________.

regional strategy

A manufacturer and seller of beer is in a __________.

simple and stable market

A business environment with a small number of external elements where the elements are similar, and the elements remain the same or change slowly is a __________.

simple-stable environment

According to the competing values framework, an organization with an external focus and a flexible orientation has what kind of culture?

Adhocracy Culture

When companies possess resources that are rare, valuable, difficult to imitate, and non-substitutable, a sustained competitive advantage can be attained. What is this called?

A resource-based view

You are asked by your boss how individuals of any race or ethnic background can take steps to eliminate discrimination. How should you respond?

Be aware of personal stereotypes.

Which is a once successful company that did not adapt to a changing external environment?

Blockbuster

What are companies called that operate internationally from the day they are created?

Born globals

Diversity includes identity-based issues such as __________.

ethnicity