PSY 111 Exam 1

A developmental researcher observes lunchroom behavior among hundreds elementary school kids to see if students sit at separate tables in the lunchroom based on gender. This research is using which of the following approaches to research?

Naturalistic observation

Anne goes to bed to get some sleep. While in bed, Anne feels that her body is "actually falling" and she suddenly jerks in response. This is known as:

Hypnagogic sensations

________ (IRB) reviews research that is involves the use of human participants.

Institutional Review Board

A(n) ________ is a description of how the researchers will measure the variables of interest.

operational definition

Sleepwalking, night terrors, and restless leg syndrome are all examples of________.

parasomnias

The ________ nervous system is responsible for stimulating digestion and causing the bladder to contract.

parasympathetic

Craig just watched a movie where the two lead characters were lesbians, and while walking down the street afterwards, he sees two women walking side by side and he thinks, "I wonder if they are lesbians?" This outcome is best explained by:

priming

Research shows that people who smoke cigarettes are more likely to get lung cancer than those who do not smoke. This research alone demonstrates that ________.

there is a relationship between smoking and lung cancer

What stage of sleep are you most likely experiencing if an EEG of your brain activity showed sleep spindles and K-complexes?

2

Which psychodynamic theorist proposed the idea of a collective unconscious that is shared by all members of the human species?

Carl Jung

Which theory of dreams suggested that they do not, in fact, have any meaning at all but rather are simply the brain's attempt to make sense of random neural firing that occurs while we sleep?

The activation-synthesis model

Controlled processes (compared to automatic processes) affect behavior:

When one has the motivation and opportunity to use them

Human eggs and sperm each contain 23 ________, which are composed of long strands of ________.

chromosomes; DNA

Which of the following shows the strongest evidence for the operation of selective attention in information processing?

cocktail party effect

Which of the following is not part of obtaining informed consent? -reviewing that data is confidential -letting participants know that participation is voluntary -obtaining the participant's signature or a signature from the parent or guardian if the participant is a minor -explaining the hypothesis to the participants

explaining the hypothesis to the participants

Parsons and her colleagues are conducting a study comparing differences in brain activity levels between patients with schizophrenia and control participants with no psychological disorders. Their hypothesis requires a high level of detail and good detection of differences over time. Which of the following is the best brain imaging technique to use?

fMRI

Dr. Guttierez is examining a research question and has posted a hypothesis, but his student points out, "Dr. G., the assumption that you have made cannot be disproven no matter what data we gather!" This research study suffers from an absence of ________.

falsifiability

Mescaline is considered a(n) ________ drug because it results in profound alterations in sensory and perceptual experiences.

hallucinogenic

Which term describes the tendency to maintain a balance, or optimal level, within a biological system?

homeostasis

When people do not know why they believe the things they believe, it is a failure of:

introspection

Which of the following is a symptom of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)?

kicking and punching while asleep

Randolf is walking down the street of his hometown, after being away for several years, when he smells the scent of freshly baked pie coming from a local baker. He suddenly has vivid memories of walking down this street as a child, holding both of his parents' hands, feeling relaxed and happy. This is because the sense of smell projects directly to the ________, which is responsible for emotional memories.

limbic system

The ________ is the difference in charge between the intracellular and extracellular space of a neuron.

membrane potential

Hyperpolarization means that the ________.

membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential

________ are often conducted with large numbers of participants and can even be conducted by phone, email, or mail.

surveys

The space between two neurons is called the ________.

synapse

A(n) ________ is a well-developed set of ideas that proposes an explanation for observed phenomena.

theory

A particular electrical signal being transmitted to a neuron is sufficient to generate an action potential. If the magnitude of the incoming electrical signal is doubled, the action potential will ________.

undergo no changes in strength, speed, or duration