PSY 205 Midterm Study Set
Research has NOT demonstrated which of the following?
A positive correlation between narcissism and self-esteem.
Which of the following ideas lies at the core of the concept of personality?
Consistency across situations.
________________ are norms governing the appropriate display of emotions.
Display rules.
Which of the following is least closely associated with Maslow's theory of personality?
Distinction between introversion and extraversion.
Which of the following is NOT a trait for constructive coping?
Dwell on situations until someone else addresses them.
The foot-in-the door technique involves making a large request that will probably be refused to increase the chances of being granted a smaller request later.
False.
Research suggests that Internet addiction is primarily limited to shy, male computer whizzes.
False.
Telling a store clerk that he overcharged you for an item is an example of aggressive behavior.
False.
Which of the following is an important factor shaping the self-concept?
Feedback from others.
Which of the following risks is NOT typically associated with narcotics use?
Flashbacks.
Behavioral genetics has provided evidence that
Hereditary factors help shape personality.
John molds his interpretation of his past dating relationships to fit how the relationship turned out. This is a common tendency called
Hindsight bias.
What is the basic concept of coping?
Mastering, reducing, or tolerating the demands created by stress.
Which of the following statements is NOT true according to Big Five research?
Neuroticism is a positive predictor of career success.
___________ is a collection of processes through which an organism utilizes the materials required for survival and growth.
Nutrition.
Which common defense mechanism is matched with the proper definition?
Overcompensation- making up for real (or imagined) deficiencies by exaggerating favorable characteristics.
Two potential buyers made appointments to see Theresa's house, which is for sale. Theresa scheduled the appointments so that they would overlap and the two buyers would see each other. Theresa is using which of the following compliance tactics?
Scarcity.
Studies on the relationship between culture and personality have shown that:
The big five traits are found in most cultures with some inconsistency.
A study of baseball players' smiles indicated that positive emotions are related to increased longevity.
True.
Depression is associated with heart disease.
True.
Practically everyone learns stereotypes about various groups.
True.
Societal advances have provided us the increased freedom to choose between multiple alternatives in a variety of contexts. This choice overload appears to be positively correlated with rumination, post decision regret, and anticipated regret.
True.
Sometimes avoidance is the best way to handle a conflict.
True.
The perception of threats is more likely to cause hostility between groups than are actual threats to an ingroup.
True.
The tendency to attribute our success to our own efforts and failures to the situation is called self-serving bias.
True.
An inability to set or stick to priorities is likely to cause someone to waste time.
True.
Using multiple strategies to cope with stress has been related to
all of these.
Marijuana, hashish, and THC are all derived from
cannabis.
The paradox of progress is the notion that
despite unparalleled advances in technology, we seem to have more social and personal difficulties.
Humanism is a theoretical orientation that
emphasizes unique human qualities such as free will and growth potential.
After barely squeezing through Anatomy 101 with a passing grade, you sleep 16 hours a day for the first 10 days of summer break and refuse to see any of your friends. You are in the ____________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.
exhaustion.
The experimental method rests heavily on the assumption that
experimental and control groups are alike in all important matters except for the independent variable.
Daniel feels that he is not a good student despite having good grades. According to Rogers, Daniel may experience discomfort due to
incongruence.
To be an effective listener, you need to
pay attention to nonverbal signals.
The vast majority of personality tests take the form of
self-report inventories.
According to Jung, the collective unconscious is a storehouse of latent memory traces inherited from people's ancestral past, which is
shared with the entire human race.
Once relationships are well established, self-disclosure tends to
taper off.
Surveys exploring psychotherapists' opinions of self-help books suggest
there are some excellent books that offer authentic insights and sound advice.
While out dancing, Leslie met some new friends. Over the past few weeks she has partaken in cocaine toward the end of the afterhours party. The first time she experienced the drug (two weeks ago), she felt the strong rush after snorting one line; now Leslie needs to snort three lines to feel the same effect. This illustrates
tolerance.
Betty needs short-term treatment for her broken arm. If she does not comply with her doctor's advice, she will be like
30% of patients.
Which of the following is NOT a beneficial effect that may result from stress?
An increase in optimism.
Which of the following is NOT true regarding interpersonal communication?
Assertive people sacrifice their own rights.
Which of the following is NOT one of the factors that contributes to procrastination?
Being future oriented.
Which of the following is the most accurate description of the polygraph machine?
Emotion detector.
is credited with formulating the theory of stress reactions called the general adaptation syndrome.
Hans Selye.
Brian believes he works best under pressure. Which of the following is NOT true?
His procrastination will have a positive impact on the quality of his work.
John and Karla have been dating for a couple weeks. They have been on two dates, and seem to have communicated much more through text messaging. Karla has become frustrated with John because more often than not her longer messages are met with a reply of "OK," "k," or "Kk." Which of the following BEST accounts for Karla's frustration with John?
John's not using paralanguage cues.
Which of the following are Big Five traits?
Neuroticism and openness to experience.
Imagine that you want to convey the practical application of the Spotlight on Research Study, Bolkan and colleagues (2015), to a classmate interested in public health. Which of the following applications is MOST consistent with the research findings?
People who are able to envision themselves engaging in healthy behaviors tend to be less depressed.
Which of the following is very important to overall happiness?
Relationship satisfaction.
Which of the following statements regarding the nature of stress is correct?
Routine hassles may have significant negative effects on mental and physical health.
In order to foster sound nutrition, one should increase consumption of all but which of the following?
Saturated fats.
Which of the following appears to be a key factor in predicting who is most likely to develop PTSD following a traumatic event?
The intensity of the person's reaction at the time of the traumatic event.
Which of the following ideas is NOT central to the concept of personality?
Traits that are shared with others.
Maladaptive coping strategies tend to be associated with poorer adjustment. This means that
a coping strategy may help in the moment, but it is problematic in the long run.
Most of us have
a number of public selves.
As ice cream consumption increases... so does the incidence of drowning. This relationship is an example of
a positive correlation.
Self-efficacy emphasizes ___________.
actual skills that one possesses.
Constructive confrontation may
all of these.
Steps for making effective small talk include
all of these.
Finding humor in the situation is considered a(n) __________-focused strategy of constructive coping.
appraisal.
Even though she does not even like the particular genre of music, Jane told all of her friends that the winner of American Idol was from her hometown. Jane was using the method of self-enhancement known as ______________.
basking in reflected glory.
Relaxation that is induced by meditation
can also be seen with other relaxation training procedures.
Case studies
can provide general conclusions through consistencies between cases.
You make a new acquaintance at a football game, and you ask him only questions about sports and athletics. This is an example of probable
confirmation bias.
Harry wants to lose 50 pounds. Most experts would recommend that he should
decrease his food intake and increase his exercise, both in moderate ways.
If you yell at your little sister after having a fight with your girlfriend, you may be diverting your anger through the use of
displacement.
Patients are more likely to follow prescribed treatments when their physicians
do follow-ups.
Gloria is struggling in yoga class. She feels self-conscious about her flexibility and core strength to hold particular moves. Instead of leaving the class, she compares herself to the most overweight and inflexible male member of the course and thinks, "Well at least I can hold my downward dog better than he can." Gloria is utilizing a ____________________.
downward comparison.
Deception on the part of another person may be signaled by
giving short answers.
Hans Selye's work was important because it showed
how prolonged physiological arousal that is meant to be adaptive could lead to diseases.
Fear arousal is likely to be an effective persuasive tactic
if a workable solution to the problem is provided.
Mainstream American culture would most accurately be described as
individualistic.
Nonverbal communication
is frequently used to express feelings or emotions.
LeAnn attributes her not getting invited back for a second in-person interview to personal factors, namely, that the interviewer was prejudiced against people from the South (like LeAnn). This is an example of
optimistic explanatory style.
Defense mechanisms are
probably not healthy to use, with a few exceptions.
An experimental group consists of subjects who
receive some special treatment in regard to the independent variable.
A significant benefit that comes from understanding techniques of persuasion and compliance is that such understanding can help you to ________ them.
resist.
People assess personal worth through
self-esteem.
The tendency to sabotage one's performance to provide an excuse for possible failure is called
self-handicapping.
With the self-presentation strategy of __________, people try to present themselves as weak and dependent in order to get favors from others.
supplication.
People who exhibit an optimistic explanatory style tend to attribute setbacks to
temporary situational factors.
Mark's brother invited him to go fishing. Mark went down to the dock and as he put his pole in the boat, his brother told him they had to wash down the boat and clean it at the end of the day. Later, Mark was asked for $200 in gas and fees. Mark's brother used
the lowball technique.
Margaret has a strong faith in a higher force and attends a place of worship regularly. She is likely to
use her beliefs in adaptive coping.
Current research indicates that
we have little reason to believe that change is inevitably stressful.
