PSY-215 Final Exam

What is the difference between schizoid and avoidant personality disorder as it relates to interpersonal relationships?

Schizoid personality has no desire to have interpersonal relationships. Avoidant personality has a desire, but the anxiety takes over.

__________ disorder is conceptualized as being a milder form of schizophrenia.

Schizotypical

Which of the goals of deinstitutionalization have been accomplished?

The creation of a network of community mental health centers AND the closing of large psychiatric hospitals

duty to warn

The ethical code that mandates clinicians to report If the patient says something to the clinician the clinician must warn the person who he is supposed to hurt.

immune system

The physiological system that functions poorly under stress

clinical assessment

The systematic evaluation of psychological, biological and social factors in a person with a possible mental disorder

Duty to warn

What to do if a client threatens to harm another person? Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California Must warn individual in danger. Clinicians are mandated reporters if they become aware of imminent future or ongoing danger

acute onset

When symptoms of a psychological disorder develop suddenly

Do patients have the right to refuse treatment?

Yes if they are mentally competent to make that decision. Patients don't have the option if they are EP'ed.

The outcome of Miguel's trial resulted in a finding of "not guilty by reasons of insanity". According to criminal law, Miguel now will be sent to

a psychiatric hospital

acute vs chronic pain

acute: happens from a particular event, goes away on its own chronic: may happen acutely, doesn't go away on it's own

Labeling a patient with a diagnosis is often referred to as a "double-edged sword" as the diagnostic label can both help and hurt the patient. Explain the advantages and disadvantages (to the patient) of a diagnostic label.

advantages: can find a specialized clinican who can help treat their specific disorder; patient won't have to worry about "what is wrong with them"; may be able to start a medication or treatment regiment tailored to their specific diagnosis disadvantages: suicidal thoughts/action or depression; may be less likely to seek help if there is a negative stigma associated with the particular disorder; the pt may try to get inaccurate information about their condition on the internet

Gender differences observed in the prevalence of many personality disorders (i.e. borderline for women and antisocial for men) may be due to

all of above

in terms of psychological assessment, which of the following describes the concept of validity?

an assessment technique measures what it is designed to measure

The chief motivating factor in both anorexia and bulimia is

an overwhelming urge to be thin

Dr. Okalemi Watabe is a mental health practioner. All of the following are ways in which she might function as a scientist practitioner EXCEPT

analyzing her own motivations and reasons for helping people with psychological problems

the ABC's of observation refer to the ______ sequence

antecedent-behavior-consequence

patients with bulimia nervosa often present with additional psychological disorders, particularly ___________ and ___________

anxiety disorders; mood disorders

ADHD

attention hyperactivity disorder A chronic condition including attention difficulty, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness.

Knowledge derived from the behavioral sciences applied to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of medical problems is called

behavioral medicine

The most significant feature of bulimia is

binge eating following by compensatory behavior

Which personality disorder has clinical features of self-mutilation and suicide gestures along with 6% suicide success rate?

borderline personality disorder

_______________ disorder is a severe difficultly in regulating sleep that is induced by jet lag or by working rotating shifts.

circadian

Discuss compensatory behaviors

compensatory behaviors is what bulimics do to "make-up" for their binge eating, normally this includes purging

___________ is when the signs and symptoms chosen as criteria for the diagnostic category are consistently associated and what they identify differs from other categories.

construct validity

______________ disorder is characterized as reliance on others to make major and minor decisions.

dependent

In response to sustained stress, the body goes through several stages that together constitute the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), a concept proposed by researcher Hans Selye. The GAS consists of all stages EXCEPT

deterioration

the process of determining whether an individuals symptoms meet the criteria for a specific psychological disorder is called __________

diagnosis

hypothesis

educated guess

discuss 1 type of lifestyle behavior that can promote one's health

exercising regularly can promote one's health by putting them at less rick for diseases such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, CHD and hyperlipidemia

________ is the extent to which results of a study are generalizable to the population it's studying

external validity

the performance scales on the WISC-IV (Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children) measure all of the following EXCEPT

factual knowledge

what are the key words when considering civil commitment laws?

forseeable

three objectives of police power

health, welfare, and safety of society

chronic stress

heart disease, high blood pressure and early death

Individuals who overreact to everything and are overly dramatic and vain are most likely to be diagnosed with ________ personality disorder.

histrionic

Sam sleeps for 8 or more hours every night but never feels rested. He can't understand why he is always tired despite the fact that he reports no difficulties with the quality or quantity of his sleep. Of the following, Sam's most likely diagnosis is ____________.

hypersomnia

list 1 risk factor for cardiovascular disease

hypertension

discuss the correlation between obtaining hypertension and genetics

hypertension is one disease that tends to run in families regularly, however you can attempt to prevent it by having a healthy lifestyle which includes diet and exercise

which of the following medical conditions might also produce symptoms of behavioral disorders or symptoms that mimic psychological disorders?

hyperthyroidism AND cocaine withdrawl

which physiological system is most likely to function poorly under stress and why?

immune system because the ability to fight off antigens is reduced and it is easier to acquire an infection

according to the author of your textbook, the definition of psychological disorder is associated with

impaired functioning

grave disability

inability to care for self

discuss the term cataplexy

loss of muscle tone. This typically occurs in the limbs for adults and the jaw with tongue thrust for children. Cataplexy is involved with narcolepsy.

Discuss the causes of Narcissistic personality

narcissistic personality on be caused by social upbringing. Those raised to be very self-centered could lead to this disorder.

While suddenly and unexpectedly falling asleep during normal waking hours, Sarah experiences vivid hallucinations of being in a horrible car crash. The experience is so realistic that she actually feels physical sensations as if the hallucination were real. Sarah's most likely diagnosis is

narcolepsy

personality disorders according to the DSM-V has 3 clusters. What are the characteristics of cluster A?

odd and eccentric

discuss one factor/symptom and one possible speculation for the development of chronic fatigue

one symptom is lack of motivation and fatigue with random energy bursts (in some). One speculation about cause is a person that lives a high achievement lifestyle.

Max is always sure that others are trying to harm him. His perception that the world is a threatening place impacts most of his life. Most likely, Max would be diagnosed with the personality disorder called

paranoid

Abnormal events such as nightmares, sleep terrors, and sleepwalking that occur during sleep or during the twilight time between sleep and waking are classified as

parasomnias

informed consent

permission granted in the knowledge of the possible consequences, typically that which is given by a patient to a doctor for treatment with full knowledge of the possible risks and benefits.

oriented x3

person, place and time

what can clinicians not do?

predict long term danger

According to the textbook, mental health professionals appear to have expertise in all of the following areas EXCEPT

predicting long term risk of violence

What is the strongest contributor to the etiology of eating disorders?

problems with body image, usually appear "bigger" in the mirror than in real life and desire to be more thin

. Emily created an assessment that asks individuals to describe emotions elicited by geometric shapes and draws conclusions from the content of these descriptions. This assessment belongs in the category of

projective tests

during the middle ages, as well as at other times, mentally ill people were sometimes forced to undergo the religious ritual called exorcism in order to

rid the body of evil spirits

psychopathology

scientific study of psychological disorders

according to the gate theory, ____________ fibers open the gate to pain and ________ fibers close the gate to pain

small; large

Mr. J., a 40-year-old recent immigrant to the United States, comes from a working-class background and is just learning to speak English. He applies for a job and is given a test. His score is compared to others who have taken the test, mostly young college graduates whose native language is English. Mr. J. thinks this is unfair. In fact, this is an issue of __________.

standardization

Parens patriae

state acts as a surrogate parent (e.g., a person receives care to prevent them from being in danger)

unhealthy and/or risky behaviors that impact directly on the cardiovascular system may contribute to

strokes, high BP, and CHD

The traditional tendency to stigmatize women as "hysterical" derived from Hippocrates' concept of

the "wandering uterus"

When someone has a personality disorder

the person may believe there is nothing wrong

Discuss the prognosis for individuals diagnosed with personality disorders

the prognosis for individuals is poor

which of the following is(are) the primary issue(s) in mental health law today?

the rights of mentally ill individuals and the rights of society to be protected.

How does an individual's social status affect stress and anxiety?

those that are experiencing high levels of stress have elevated cortisol levels, in a study with primates people with high cortisol had a lower social status

Discuss how Conduct disorder is linked to Antisocial Personality Disorder

those with conduct disorder in adolescence are more likely to be diagnosed with Antisocial personality disorder in adulthood

In an attempt to replace the insanity plea, some states now use the "guilty but mentally ill" (GBMI) verdict, in which mentally ill criminals are usually

treated for their mental illnesses AND punished for committing crimes

moral treatment for mental patients involved

treating institutionalized patients as humanely as possible.

One method that may help sleep disorder patients to "reset" their biological clock (circadian rhythms) is exposure to

very bright lights

medical treatments for severe sleep apnea include medication, mechanical devices and

weight loss

actual percentage

1%

name 2 things that you could do to prevent sleeping disorders

1. avoid extreme temperatures in the bedroom 2. drink milk before bed

Why is informed consent important when conducting research?

1. it is illegal by the IRB if you don't 2. the participant must agree to it after they are told all of the positives and negatives

discuss 2 medical consequences of anorexia nervosa

1. possible kidney failure 2. brittle nails and thin hair

smoking is the leading preventative cause of death in the U.S. which ___% of cases are linked to lifestyle behavior and patterns

90

Guilty but mentally ill

A insanity defense that allows for treatment and punishment

Autism spectrum disorder

A new DSM-5 category for the following autism, aspbergers, childhood disintegration and pervasive developmental disorders

major depressive disorder/episode

A psychological disorder in children characterized by unrealistic and persistent worry that something will happen to their parents and that may result in refusal to leave home

separation anxiety

A psychological disorder in children characterized by unrealistic and persistent worry that something will happen to their parents and that may result in refusal to leave home

overgeneralization

A student who has been doing very well in her psychology class receives a minor critical comment on an essay that she wrote as part of an exam. The student thinks, "this is terrible. I'm probably going to fail the course. This an example of

the immune system is weakened in AIDS patients because the human immunodeficiency virus directly attacks the lymphocytes called

B cells

discuss a benefit and treatment modality for children diagnosed with cancer

Because people with cancer experience perceived lack of control, giving them dolls to play with will help them feel like they are in control of the role play situation

Delusion of grandeur

Belief in one's own specialness, holding special knowledge, belief that one can speak to God, belief that one possesses unrecognized genius

Multidimensional integrative approach of psychopathology

Biological and psychological causes, emotional, social and developmental influences

environmental stress

Conflict with gender, socioeconomic status and culture as risk factors

Sexual schemas

Core belief about sexual aspects of one's self

APA (American Psychological Association)

DSM author and evaluates guidelines for psychological and psychosocial aspects of physical disorders

the _______ is the manual used for classification and diagnosis of mental disorders

DSM-5

elderly

Demographic age group that suffers from a decrease in normal sexuality that most with physical changes as a decrease in mobility, disease processes and medication ,reduced sexual around and a decrease in intensity and speed

work related stress

Difficulty with workload, relationships with colleagues and long work hours

Discuss the primary preventive strategy for deinstituionalization

Education of society to prevent them from being put in an institution in the first place

Exhibitionism

Exposure of genitals to unsuspecting strangers, compulsive and out of control behavior and thrill and risk are necessary for sexual arousal

neurotransmitters

GABA, dopamine and norepinephrine

the exhaustion stage

General adaptation syndrome is an individual more likely to have a compromised immune system

the __________ oversees the rights of human subjects participating in research.

IRB (institutional review board)

How does a food desert impact the obesity rate?

In a food desert, there is a lack of availability of fresh, nutritious foods such as fruits and veggies. If in a food desert you only have fatty pre-packaged foods, so you all are forced to unhealthy food causing more people to be obese

genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder

New in DSM-5 was called vaginismus, dyspareunia

Is the definition of mental illness the same across the country? why or why not?

No, because of cultural differences. What is accepted in one area might not be accepted in another.

Evaluate the differences between Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. List one treatment modality for OCPD.

OCPD is concerned with doing things right. OCD is concerned with rituals. One treatment

Civil commitment

Police power and the state as a surrogate for the protection, safety and well being of society

Tardive dyskinesia

Involuntary movement with face, hands, mouth and involuntary movement of the mouth and tongue

Diathesis-stress model

Life events, in combination with an inherited tendency that triggers the onset of a disorder

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Treatment modality for severe depression which involves applying brief electrical current to the brain and can result in temporary seizures