PSY-215 Final Exam
What is the difference between schizoid and avoidant personality disorder as it relates to interpersonal relationships?
Schizoid personality has no desire to have interpersonal relationships. Avoidant personality has a desire, but the anxiety takes over.
__________ disorder is conceptualized as being a milder form of schizophrenia.
Schizotypical
Which of the goals of deinstitutionalization have been accomplished?
The creation of a network of community mental health centers AND the closing of large psychiatric hospitals
duty to warn
The ethical code that mandates clinicians to report If the patient says something to the clinician the clinician must warn the person who he is supposed to hurt.
immune system
The physiological system that functions poorly under stress
clinical assessment
The systematic evaluation of psychological, biological and social factors in a person with a possible mental disorder
Duty to warn
What to do if a client threatens to harm another person? Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California Must warn individual in danger. Clinicians are mandated reporters if they become aware of imminent future or ongoing danger
acute onset
When symptoms of a psychological disorder develop suddenly
Do patients have the right to refuse treatment?
Yes if they are mentally competent to make that decision. Patients don't have the option if they are EP'ed.
The outcome of Miguel's trial resulted in a finding of "not guilty by reasons of insanity". According to criminal law, Miguel now will be sent to
a psychiatric hospital
acute vs chronic pain
acute: happens from a particular event, goes away on its own chronic: may happen acutely, doesn't go away on it's own
Labeling a patient with a diagnosis is often referred to as a "double-edged sword" as the diagnostic label can both help and hurt the patient. Explain the advantages and disadvantages (to the patient) of a diagnostic label.
advantages: can find a specialized clinican who can help treat their specific disorder; patient won't have to worry about "what is wrong with them"; may be able to start a medication or treatment regiment tailored to their specific diagnosis disadvantages: suicidal thoughts/action or depression; may be less likely to seek help if there is a negative stigma associated with the particular disorder; the pt may try to get inaccurate information about their condition on the internet
Gender differences observed in the prevalence of many personality disorders (i.e. borderline for women and antisocial for men) may be due to
all of above
in terms of psychological assessment, which of the following describes the concept of validity?
an assessment technique measures what it is designed to measure
The chief motivating factor in both anorexia and bulimia is
an overwhelming urge to be thin
Dr. Okalemi Watabe is a mental health practioner. All of the following are ways in which she might function as a scientist practitioner EXCEPT
analyzing her own motivations and reasons for helping people with psychological problems
the ABC's of observation refer to the ______ sequence
antecedent-behavior-consequence
patients with bulimia nervosa often present with additional psychological disorders, particularly ___________ and ___________
anxiety disorders; mood disorders
ADHD
attention hyperactivity disorder A chronic condition including attention difficulty, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness.
Knowledge derived from the behavioral sciences applied to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of medical problems is called
behavioral medicine
The most significant feature of bulimia is
binge eating following by compensatory behavior
Which personality disorder has clinical features of self-mutilation and suicide gestures along with 6% suicide success rate?
borderline personality disorder
_______________ disorder is a severe difficultly in regulating sleep that is induced by jet lag or by working rotating shifts.
circadian
Discuss compensatory behaviors
compensatory behaviors is what bulimics do to "make-up" for their binge eating, normally this includes purging
___________ is when the signs and symptoms chosen as criteria for the diagnostic category are consistently associated and what they identify differs from other categories.
construct validity
______________ disorder is characterized as reliance on others to make major and minor decisions.
dependent
In response to sustained stress, the body goes through several stages that together constitute the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), a concept proposed by researcher Hans Selye. The GAS consists of all stages EXCEPT
deterioration
the process of determining whether an individuals symptoms meet the criteria for a specific psychological disorder is called __________
diagnosis
hypothesis
educated guess
discuss 1 type of lifestyle behavior that can promote one's health
exercising regularly can promote one's health by putting them at less rick for diseases such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, CHD and hyperlipidemia
________ is the extent to which results of a study are generalizable to the population it's studying
external validity
the performance scales on the WISC-IV (Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children) measure all of the following EXCEPT
factual knowledge
what are the key words when considering civil commitment laws?
forseeable
three objectives of police power
health, welfare, and safety of society
chronic stress
heart disease, high blood pressure and early death
Individuals who overreact to everything and are overly dramatic and vain are most likely to be diagnosed with ________ personality disorder.
histrionic
Sam sleeps for 8 or more hours every night but never feels rested. He can't understand why he is always tired despite the fact that he reports no difficulties with the quality or quantity of his sleep. Of the following, Sam's most likely diagnosis is ____________.
hypersomnia
list 1 risk factor for cardiovascular disease
hypertension
discuss the correlation between obtaining hypertension and genetics
hypertension is one disease that tends to run in families regularly, however you can attempt to prevent it by having a healthy lifestyle which includes diet and exercise
which of the following medical conditions might also produce symptoms of behavioral disorders or symptoms that mimic psychological disorders?
hyperthyroidism AND cocaine withdrawl
which physiological system is most likely to function poorly under stress and why?
immune system because the ability to fight off antigens is reduced and it is easier to acquire an infection
according to the author of your textbook, the definition of psychological disorder is associated with
impaired functioning
grave disability
inability to care for self
discuss the term cataplexy
loss of muscle tone. This typically occurs in the limbs for adults and the jaw with tongue thrust for children. Cataplexy is involved with narcolepsy.
Discuss the causes of Narcissistic personality
narcissistic personality on be caused by social upbringing. Those raised to be very self-centered could lead to this disorder.
While suddenly and unexpectedly falling asleep during normal waking hours, Sarah experiences vivid hallucinations of being in a horrible car crash. The experience is so realistic that she actually feels physical sensations as if the hallucination were real. Sarah's most likely diagnosis is
narcolepsy
personality disorders according to the DSM-V has 3 clusters. What are the characteristics of cluster A?
odd and eccentric
discuss one factor/symptom and one possible speculation for the development of chronic fatigue
one symptom is lack of motivation and fatigue with random energy bursts (in some). One speculation about cause is a person that lives a high achievement lifestyle.
Max is always sure that others are trying to harm him. His perception that the world is a threatening place impacts most of his life. Most likely, Max would be diagnosed with the personality disorder called
paranoid
Abnormal events such as nightmares, sleep terrors, and sleepwalking that occur during sleep or during the twilight time between sleep and waking are classified as
parasomnias
informed consent
permission granted in the knowledge of the possible consequences, typically that which is given by a patient to a doctor for treatment with full knowledge of the possible risks and benefits.
oriented x3
person, place and time
what can clinicians not do?
predict long term danger
According to the textbook, mental health professionals appear to have expertise in all of the following areas EXCEPT
predicting long term risk of violence
What is the strongest contributor to the etiology of eating disorders?
problems with body image, usually appear "bigger" in the mirror than in real life and desire to be more thin
. Emily created an assessment that asks individuals to describe emotions elicited by geometric shapes and draws conclusions from the content of these descriptions. This assessment belongs in the category of
projective tests
during the middle ages, as well as at other times, mentally ill people were sometimes forced to undergo the religious ritual called exorcism in order to
rid the body of evil spirits
psychopathology
scientific study of psychological disorders
according to the gate theory, ____________ fibers open the gate to pain and ________ fibers close the gate to pain
small; large
Mr. J., a 40-year-old recent immigrant to the United States, comes from a working-class background and is just learning to speak English. He applies for a job and is given a test. His score is compared to others who have taken the test, mostly young college graduates whose native language is English. Mr. J. thinks this is unfair. In fact, this is an issue of __________.
standardization
Parens patriae
state acts as a surrogate parent (e.g., a person receives care to prevent them from being in danger)
unhealthy and/or risky behaviors that impact directly on the cardiovascular system may contribute to
strokes, high BP, and CHD
The traditional tendency to stigmatize women as "hysterical" derived from Hippocrates' concept of
the "wandering uterus"
When someone has a personality disorder
the person may believe there is nothing wrong
Discuss the prognosis for individuals diagnosed with personality disorders
the prognosis for individuals is poor
which of the following is(are) the primary issue(s) in mental health law today?
the rights of mentally ill individuals and the rights of society to be protected.
How does an individual's social status affect stress and anxiety?
those that are experiencing high levels of stress have elevated cortisol levels, in a study with primates people with high cortisol had a lower social status
Discuss how Conduct disorder is linked to Antisocial Personality Disorder
those with conduct disorder in adolescence are more likely to be diagnosed with Antisocial personality disorder in adulthood
In an attempt to replace the insanity plea, some states now use the "guilty but mentally ill" (GBMI) verdict, in which mentally ill criminals are usually
treated for their mental illnesses AND punished for committing crimes
moral treatment for mental patients involved
treating institutionalized patients as humanely as possible.
One method that may help sleep disorder patients to "reset" their biological clock (circadian rhythms) is exposure to
very bright lights
medical treatments for severe sleep apnea include medication, mechanical devices and
weight loss
actual percentage
1%
name 2 things that you could do to prevent sleeping disorders
1. avoid extreme temperatures in the bedroom 2. drink milk before bed
Why is informed consent important when conducting research?
1. it is illegal by the IRB if you don't 2. the participant must agree to it after they are told all of the positives and negatives
discuss 2 medical consequences of anorexia nervosa
1. possible kidney failure 2. brittle nails and thin hair
smoking is the leading preventative cause of death in the U.S. which ___% of cases are linked to lifestyle behavior and patterns
90
Guilty but mentally ill
A insanity defense that allows for treatment and punishment
Autism spectrum disorder
A new DSM-5 category for the following autism, aspbergers, childhood disintegration and pervasive developmental disorders
major depressive disorder/episode
A psychological disorder in children characterized by unrealistic and persistent worry that something will happen to their parents and that may result in refusal to leave home
separation anxiety
A psychological disorder in children characterized by unrealistic and persistent worry that something will happen to their parents and that may result in refusal to leave home
overgeneralization
A student who has been doing very well in her psychology class receives a minor critical comment on an essay that she wrote as part of an exam. The student thinks, "this is terrible. I'm probably going to fail the course. This an example of
the immune system is weakened in AIDS patients because the human immunodeficiency virus directly attacks the lymphocytes called
B cells
discuss a benefit and treatment modality for children diagnosed with cancer
Because people with cancer experience perceived lack of control, giving them dolls to play with will help them feel like they are in control of the role play situation
Delusion of grandeur
Belief in one's own specialness, holding special knowledge, belief that one can speak to God, belief that one possesses unrecognized genius
Multidimensional integrative approach of psychopathology
Biological and psychological causes, emotional, social and developmental influences
environmental stress
Conflict with gender, socioeconomic status and culture as risk factors
Sexual schemas
Core belief about sexual aspects of one's self
APA (American Psychological Association)
DSM author and evaluates guidelines for psychological and psychosocial aspects of physical disorders
the _______ is the manual used for classification and diagnosis of mental disorders
DSM-5
elderly
Demographic age group that suffers from a decrease in normal sexuality that most with physical changes as a decrease in mobility, disease processes and medication ,reduced sexual around and a decrease in intensity and speed
work related stress
Difficulty with workload, relationships with colleagues and long work hours
Discuss the primary preventive strategy for deinstituionalization
Education of society to prevent them from being put in an institution in the first place
Exhibitionism
Exposure of genitals to unsuspecting strangers, compulsive and out of control behavior and thrill and risk are necessary for sexual arousal
neurotransmitters
GABA, dopamine and norepinephrine
the exhaustion stage
General adaptation syndrome is an individual more likely to have a compromised immune system
the __________ oversees the rights of human subjects participating in research.
IRB (institutional review board)
How does a food desert impact the obesity rate?
In a food desert, there is a lack of availability of fresh, nutritious foods such as fruits and veggies. If in a food desert you only have fatty pre-packaged foods, so you all are forced to unhealthy food causing more people to be obese
genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder
New in DSM-5 was called vaginismus, dyspareunia
Is the definition of mental illness the same across the country? why or why not?
No, because of cultural differences. What is accepted in one area might not be accepted in another.
Evaluate the differences between Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. List one treatment modality for OCPD.
OCPD is concerned with doing things right. OCD is concerned with rituals. One treatment
Civil commitment
Police power and the state as a surrogate for the protection, safety and well being of society
Tardive dyskinesia
Involuntary movement with face, hands, mouth and involuntary movement of the mouth and tongue
Diathesis-stress model
Life events, in combination with an inherited tendency that triggers the onset of a disorder
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
Treatment modality for severe depression which involves applying brief electrical current to the brain and can result in temporary seizures
