PSYC 3410 Final

27) While deciding custody according the "children's best interests" principle sounds appealing, the legal standard has the problem that... a) "Best" is poorly defined b) The standard values children's rights more highly than parents' authority c) The standard values parents' authority more highly than the state's duty to protect d) It has been ruled unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court

a. "best" is poorly defined

48) Which of the following is NOT true of the diagnosis of troubled relationships? a) "Scapegoating" is the first relational diagnosis to appear in the DSM-5, albeit in the appendix of "conditions requiring further study" b) A DSM-5 committee considered including relational diagnoses in the manual c) Current systems for classifying troubled relationships are insufficiently reliable or valid d) All of the above are true about the diagnosis of troubled relationships e) None of the above are true about the diagnosis of troubled relationships

a. "scapegoating" is the first relational diagnosis to appear in the DSM-5, albeit in the appendix of "conditions requiring further study"

29) The insanity defense is raised in about what percentage of criminal trials? a) 1% b) 10% c) 25% d) 50%

a. 1%

18) About how many people seen in psychological treatment do not meet criteria for the diagnosis for any mental disorder? a) 50% b) 10% c) 5% d) 2-3%

a. 50%

12. Research on the cause of mental disorders almost always must use the (blank) because (blank). a. Correlational study; factors thought to cause disorders can't be manipulated practically or ethically b. Experiment; this is the most highly controlled research method. c. Case study; it is essential to take an idiographic approach to causality d. Meta-analytic method; scientists must aggregate results across studies

a. Correlational study:; factors thoughts to cause disorders can't be manipulated practically or ethically

4. In his blog (extra reading assignment), Allen Frances (who directed the DSM-IV) criticized DSM-5 primarily for: a. Including too many "fads" in its list of diagnoses b. Emphasizing reliability over validity, since the public is ultimately concerned with the value of a diagnosis c. Dropping key diagnoses from DSM-IV, especially hebephiliia, sex addiction, and psychosis risk d. Dropping Roman Numerals in favor of Arabic (traditional) numbers (anticipating DSM-5.1, 5.2 etc)

a. Including too many fads in its list of diagnoses

50) "The square root of the average squared distance from the mean in a distribution of scores" is the definition of: a) Standard deviation b) Central tendency c) Variance d) Scatter

a. Standard deviation

50. In lecture, I suggested that an entirely new way to classify anxiety disorders might involve an evolutionary approach, for example, freeze-flight-fight-fright. What organization currently is also searching for an entirely new way of classifying and studying mental disorders? a. The National Institute for Mental Health b. The DSM c. The American Medical Association d. The American Psychological Association

a. The National Institute for Mental Health

9) In the above graphs (shown in lecture), the changing slope of the regression lines (the straight lines) across quartiles of genetic risk for substance abuse provide evidence for: a) A gene-environment interaction b) A gene-environment correlation c) Differential heritability d) The influence of the shared environment

a. a gene-environment interaction

29) In a study discussed in the text, Fairburn et al. (1993) used interpersonal psychotherapy as a "placebo control group." Despite the "allegiance effect," interpersonal psychotherapy surprised the researchers and was as effective as cognitive behavior therapy in the long run. In this context, "placebo control group" refers to (blank) and "allegiance effect" refers to (blank): a) A psychotherapy that the researchers thought contained no "active ingredients"; evidence that treatments are found to work better when therapists and researchers believe they will work b) Patients who received a sugar pill in addition to interpersonal psychotherapy; the loyalty that psychotherapists hold toward therapy over medication c) A group where the therapist was in charge of the placebo, not a physician; the loyalty that psychotherapists hold toward therapy over medication d) The patients who were in the no treatment condition; the belief that psychotherapy is more effective than no treatment at all

a. a psychotherapy that the researchers thought contained no "active ingredients"; evidence that treatments are found to work better when therapists and researchers believe they will work

20) According to Erik Erikson, the resolution of the identity crisis typically occurs during ; contemporary views suggest that the identity crisis actually . a) adolescence; may not be resolved until today's young people are well into their 20s b) adolescence; occurred at a much later age during Erikson's time c) the late teens or early 20s; may be foregone today due to economic pressure to succeed early in life d) the late teens or early 20s; is resolved during middle adolescence, the most critical age for establishing roles such as a "jock," "popular," "druggie" etc.

a. adolescence; may not be resolved until today's young people are well into their 20s

7) Which condition is comorbid with classic autism in the majority of cases? a) an intellectual disability b) a genetic disorder c) fragile X syndrome d) savant abilities

a. an intellectual disability

19) Which of the following is a key difference between anorexia and bulimia? a) Anorexia is a source of pride; bulimia is a source of shame. b) Anorexia never involves binging and purging; bulimia is defined by binging and purging. c) Anorexia is strongly influenced by perceived body shape; bulimia is minimally influenced by perceived body shape d) Anorexia is most common among higher SES groups; bulimia is equally common among all SES groups

a. anorexia is a source of pride; bulimia is a source of shame

35) Susan is a 19 year old with a body mass index (BMI) of 17. She is obsessed with eating healthy and terrified that she will gain weight if she breaks her eating rituals. She insists that she looks "pretty good," but would look better if she could drop a couple of more pounds. She describes eating two cookies as a "binge." The best diagnosis for Susan is: a) Anorexia nervosa b) Bulimia nervosa c) Obsessive-compulsive disorder d) Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

a. anorexia nervosa

37. Avoidance can be negatively reinforcing. This is a particular problem for: a. Anxiety disorders b. Conversion disorders c. Multiple personality disorders d. Depressive disorders

a. anxiety disorders

11. Random assignment is essential to an experiment to ensure that a. Any difference between the groups is caused by the independent variable. b. Any difference between the groups is caused by the dependent variable. c. The subjects in a study are a good representation of the larger population. d. Experimenter bias does not contaminate the results

a. any difference between the groups is caused by the independent variable

12) How should we characterize separation anxiety in a 1-year-old child? a) as a normal fear b) as a sign that the mother (or father) is dependent on the child, not vice versa c) as a needed DSM-5 diagnostic category that takes development into account d) as a risk factor for the development of generalized anxiety disorder

a. as a normal fear

4) One key element of cognitive behavior therapy with bulimia is to normalize eating patterns, so eating involves less dietary restraint. Why is this thought to be important? a) Binge eating often is reaction to excessive dietary restraint b) More normal eating in public reduces the risk of secretive, private binges c) Dietary restraint attracts attention, and people with bulimia get positively reinforced for not eating d) Normalizing eating contributes to the placebo effect of cognitive behavior therapy

a. binge eating often is reaction to excessive dietary restraint

2. DSM-5 takes a (blank) approach to classification, treating disorders as if they are (blank) from normal behavior. a. Categorical; qualitatively b. Categorical; quantitatively c. Dimensional; qualitatively d. Dimensional; quantitatively

a. categorical; qualitatively

49) There are two different ways of classifying intellectual disabilities, one based on (blank) and the other based on (blank) . a) Cause; IQ b) IQ; adaptive behavior c) Known biological cause; cultural familial intellectual disability d) Behavior in school; behavior at home

a. cause; IQ

24) The powerful urge to use a drug and spending a great deal of time planning and acquiring it defines: a) Craving b) Tolerance c) Withdrawal d) Addiction

a. craving

40) Which comorbid problem often occurs with bulimia nervosa and often is an important focus of treatment? a) Depression b) Anxiety c) Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder d) Histrionic personality disorder

a. depression

4. Depression is a syndrome. This means: a. Depression involves a cluster of symptoms, not just sad mood b. Depression is a DSM-5 diagnosis c. Depression is a medical disease, not just a psychological one d. All of the above e. A and B only

a. depression involves a cluster of symptoms, not just sad mood

8. Which diagnostic distinction for mood disorders has the most predictive validity in terms of treatment response? a. Depressive disorders versus bipolar disorders b. Major depressive disorder versus persistent depressive disorder c. Exogenous versus endogenous depression d. Major depressive disorder versus premenstrual dysphoric disorder

a. depressive disorders versus bipolar disorders

5) "Understanding normal behavior within the context of normal development" is the definition of: a) Developmental psychopathology b) Neurodevelopmental disorder c) Adjustment disorder d) Psychosocial development

a. developmental psychopathology

19) Trisomy 21 is another name for a) Down syndrome. b) Turner syndrome. c) Kanner's syndrome. d) fragile-X syndrome.

a. down syndrome

23) The two broad, philosophical grounds for civil commitment are the state's (blank) and it's (blank). a) Duty to protect its citizens (parens patriae); police power b) Duty to substitute judgment for youth and impaired people (parens patriae); paternalistic duty c) Paternalistic duty; constitutional authority d) Constitutional authority; police power

a. duty to protect its citizens (parens patriae); police power

8) "Reverse anorexia" and the "Adonis complex" are sometimes used to describe what problem in males? a) Excessive emphasis on extreme muscularity b) Negative attitudes toward thin women c) Obsessive exercise that actually harms the body d) Narcissism based on one's physical appearance

a. excessive emphasis on extreme muscularity

31) Your text offered this quote from an advocate of . "Freedom to be insane is an illusory freedom, a cruel hoax perpetrated on those who cannot think clearly by those who will not think clearly." a) Greater paternalism in treating the mentally ill b) Greater libertarianism in treating the mentally ill c) The abolition of the insanity defense d) The expansion of the insanity defense

a. greater paternalism in treating the mentally ill

23. George Franklin was convicted of the murder that occurred over 20 years earlier. His conviction was later overturned. What aspect of this case is of interest to psychologists? a. His daughter's "recovered memories" were the basis for Franklin's conviction. b. One of Franklin's multiple personalities eventually emerged and confessed to a crime committed by an "alter". c. Franklin committed the crime during a dissociative fugue that lasted for two decades. d. Franklin claimed he committed the murder as a result of a hypnotic induction that he never emerged from.

a. his daughter's "recovered memories" were the basics for Franklin's conviction

35. Intellectual disabilities (formerly mental retardation) are some of the best diagnosed and understood mental disorders. Still, the terms for the disorder often are changed, as old terms come to carry a stigma. Which concept best describes this phenomenon? a. Labeling theory b. Learning theory c. Psychoanalytic theory d. The biopsychosocial model

a. labeling theory

46. The best, most effective treatment for bipolar disorder involves: a. Medication b. Cognitive behavior therapy c. Interpersonal therapy d. Behavioral activation e. All of the above

a. medication

3) The need for admiration, grandiosity, lack of empathy, and an exaggerated sense of self-importance describe: a) narcissistic personality disorder b) schizoid personality disorder c) antisocial personality disorder d) borderline personality disorder

a. narcissistic personality disorder

23. I conduct a study where I randomly assign 100 people with depression either to work with Albert Ellis doing Rational Emotive Therapy or Carl Rogers doing Humanistic Therapy. Half of the people drop out of the Ellis group, while everyone completes therapy in the Rogers group (a statistically significant difference). But when I compare people who completed Ellis with those who completed Rogers, the Ellis completers are less depressed (also statistically significant). What can I conclude? a. People are more likely to drop out of Ellis/Rational Emotive than Rogers/Humanistic Therapy b. Rational Emotive Therapy is more effective for depression than Humanistic Therapy c. Either Rational Emotive Therapy or Ellis as a therapist is more effective for depression than either Carl Rogers or Humanistic Therapy (can't separate the therapy from the therapist) d. None of the above e. A and C only

a. people are more likely to drop out of Ellis/Rational Emotive than Rogers/Humanistic Therapy

31. Many years ago, I became violently ill after eating a BLT sandwich in a diner with a friend. It was a coincidence; I got the flu. But I still get nausea when I think of eating a BLT. But I don't bet upset about eating at diners or eating with friends. This strong association of BLT and nausea is an example of: a. Preparedness b. Introceptive exposure c. Panic d. Compulsion

a. preparedness

12) A researcher who seeks to identify early markers of schizophrenia in the hopes of preventing the disorder before it begins is most interested in the of the disorder. a) Prodomal phase b) Disorganized phase c) Schizoaffective phase d) Residual phase

a. prodromal phase

25. I'm really mad at you, but I can't admit this to myself. So instead I think you're really mad at me. This is an example of: a. Projection b. Sublimation c. Displacement d. Reaction formation

a. projection

11. The fact that (blank) often are identified following the diagnosis of conversion disorders makes clear the problems involved in (blank) a. Real physical illnesses; diagnosis by exclusion b. Deliberate attempts at malingering; the reliability of psychiatric diagnosis c. Mood disorders; treating mental illness in medical settings d. Traumatic childhood experiences; relying on retrospective reports

a. real physical illnesses; diagnosis by eclusion

36. The textbook and lecture indicated which of the following about psychotherapy and placebo effects? a. Since both placebos and psychotherapy produce change through psychological means, psychotherapy researchers need to study how placebos work b. Placebos (sugar pills) and placebo effects only occur for medications, so there is no need to worry about placebo effects in psychotherapy c. Placebo effects only "trick" people into feeling better. Real psychotherapy has nothing to do with placebo effects. d. Psychotherapy appears to be mostly a placebo. There is no reason to expect researchers to uncover "active ingredients" that are effective in treating different disorders.

a. since both placebos and psychotherapy produce change through psychological means, pyschotherapy researchers need to study how placebos work

28. If getting a steroid injection reduces pain in my shoulder beyond chance levels, but I still hurt a lot and can't play tennis, you would say that the treatment produces results that are: a. Statistically significant but not clinically significant b. Clinically significant but not statistically significant c. Both statistically and clinically significant d. Neither statistically nor clinically significant

a. statistically significant but not clinically significant

21. When rats are forced to swim in cold water from which they cannot escape: a. The animals that give up and appear "depressed" have depleted serotonin as a result of the experience. b. The animals do not appear "depressed" because of their high level of physical activity. c. The animals appear "depressed," but only if there is an opportunity to escape that they fail to detect. d. The animals appear "depressed," but only if they previously had a chemical imbalance in the brain.

a. the animals that give up and appear "depressed" have depleted serotonin as a result of the experience

43. The most commonly used method for assessing psychological disorders is: a. The clinical interview b. Structured observational procedures c. Personality tests/self-report inventories d. Projective tests

a. the clinical interview

22) Which of the following is an accurate statement of predicted demographic trends in the 21st century? a) The proportion of the oldest-old will grow rapidly. b) Older men will begin to outlive women in the next 20 years. c) The so-called "aging of the baby boom generation" will be a bust because of rapid immigration. d) The trend toward greater longevity will be reversed due to a shortage of health care

a. the proportion of the oldest-old grow rapidly

46) Which of the following is true of emotional pain? a) The same brain regions are involved in experiencing some types of both emotional and physical pain. b) The intensity of emotional pain is coded on Axis V of the DSM c) Research shows that most people come to therapy because of emotional pain not for a DSM disorder d) Emotional pain is unrelated to feelings we typically think of as emotions, for example, anger e) All of the above are true

a. the same brain regions are involved in experiencing some types of both emotional and physical

6. A basic problem with defining stress in terms of an event (e.g., losing your job) is that: a. The same event has been shown to cause different levels of life change for different people. b. This definition of stress runs the risk of circular reasoning (a tautology). c. People experience life changes all the time, but we cannot be sure that this is the cause of their stress. d. Measurement is unreliable.

a. the same event has been shown to cause different levels of life change for different people

42. The "objects from Emery's desk drawer" demonstration was intended to illustrate: a. There are different ways to classify things for different purposes b. Classification is an arbitrary creation of the human mind c. In the end, how you decide to classify things, including Pluto, comes down to politics d. In the end, there is one and only one way to classify things

a. there are different ways to classify things for different purposes

5. Some experts argue that multiple personalities are produced by iatrogenesis. The means that multiple personalities are caused by: a. Treatment b. Self-hypnosis c. Misinterpretation of the bible d. Unknown, individualized causes

a. treatment

21. The diagnosis of many mental disorders has low levels of reliability. This means that: a. Two different mental health professionals often disagree about whether an individual has a disorder b. Two different mental health professionals often disagree about what caused a mental disorder c. Two different mental health professionals often disagree about the best way to treat a disorder d. Two different mental health professionals often disagree about the structure of the DSM-5

a. two different mental health professionals often disagree about whether an individual has a disorder

24) In the case of Buck v. Bell, concerned with eugenics, the United States Supreme Court: a) upheld Virginia's forced sterilization laws b) ruled that sterilization can be mandated in cases of "substituted judgment" c) decided that forced sterilization was permissible only in cases where an intellectual disability has a known biological cause d) finally overturned Virginia's forced sterilization laws

a. upheld Virginia's forced sterilization laws

6) Which of the following is an example of the primary prevention of intellectual disabilities? a) vaccinations for rubella b) early stimulation programs for children with Down syndrome c) the Special Olympics d) enrollment in Head Start programs

a. vaccinations for rubella

37. Compared with physical illnesses, mental disorders rank where in terms of disease burden? a. Mental disorders create more disease burden than all physical illnesses put together. b. #2 following cardiovascular disease and ahead of cancer. c. Last, all major physical disorders create a greater burden. d. Trick question. Only physical illnesses are assessed for disease burden, although advocates want mental disorders included in future assessments.

b. #2 following cardiovascular disease and ahead of cancer

35) If the cutoff for an intellectual disability is two standard deviations below the mean and IQ scores are normally distributed, this means that what percentage of the population falls below this IQ cutoff? a) 1 percent b) 2-3 percent c) almost 5 percent d) 15 percent an unacceptably high number which is why the cutoff is now 3 SDs below the mean

b. 2-3 percent

7. Which of the following statements is NOT true? a. The cause of most mental disorders is unknown b. DSM-5 classifies mental disorders based on their cause c. The same DSM-5 diagnosis (e.g., depression) is likely to have many different causes d. Like cancer or heart disease, many mental disorders are thought to be "lifestyle diseases" e. All of the above are true

b. DSM-5 classifies mental disorders based on their cause

19. In a cartoon in the text, a doe rejects a buck with ordinary antlers for another buck with a real rack. She says, "It's not you. It's natural selection." Not having much of a sense of humor, you say (accurately): a. Females do not determine natural selection. Males do. b. Hey. She's talking about sexual selection not natural selection. c. Wait a minute. There is no evolutionary advantage to having a big rack. d. This is wrong. Acquired characteristics cannot be inherited.

b. Hey. She's talking about sexual selection, not natural selection

32. Using your new language from Psych 3410, you tell your girlfriend. "You're all (sex and aggression)!" Turns out she's taking psych too. She retorts, "You're all (guilt)!" a. Id; ego b. Id; superego c. Ego; id d. Ego; superego

b. Id; superego

24. You attend a lecture where an eminent authority shows all kinds of cool brain images showing differences between the brains of trauma victims and people not subjected to trauma. He says, "Trauma causes brain damage." Using your critical thinking, you ask him if he's aware of twin studies showing that a. MZ twins who both have been exposed to the trauma of combat show damage to different areas of the brain b. MZ co-twins of people suffering from PTSD also show supposed "damage" to certain brain structures even though they haven't experienced no PTSD c. DZ twins and MZ twins are equally likely to experience trauma and have similar fMRI results following trauma exposure d. Studies of MZ twins exposed to trauma at different times shows that the brain can heal given sufficient time following trauma

b. MZ co-twins of people suffering from PTSD show supposed "damage" to certain brain structures even though they haven't experienced no PTSD

3. Communication between neurons occurs when (blank) are released from the (blank) of one neuron into the (blank) and received at the receptors of another neuron. a. Neurotransmitters; nucleus; dendrites b. Neurotransmitters; axon terminal; synapse c. Neuromodulators; dendrites; synapse d. Neuromodulators; nucleus; dendrites

b. Neurotransmitters; axon terminal; synapse

36) In addition to an IQ test, which of the following instruments might be critical to making a diagnosis of an intellectual disability? a) Scholastic Aptitude Test b) Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales c) Rorschach Inkblot Test d) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

b. Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales

10) In the above graphs (shown in lecture), the changing skew of the distribution graphs (the curved lines showing more people further to the right in each successive graph) across quartiles of genetic risk provide evidence for: a) A gene-environment interaction b) A gene-environment correlation c) Differential heritability d) The influence of the shared environment

b. a gene-environment correlation

47) I routinely advice undergraduates to take a couple of years off before starting grad school in order to make sure they really want to pursue their chosen career, take a break from schooling, and just live a little. My advice is similar to Erikson's concept of: a) Identity diffusion b) A moratorium c) A life-cycle transition d) Psychosocial development

b. a moratorium

14) Which disorder is a mitigating factor that makes the death penalty unconstitutional? a) schizophrenia b) an intellectual disability c) cognitive disorders d) mood disorders e) all of the above

b. an intellectual disability

43) The personality disorder that is closest to being a synonym for psychopathy is: a) Paranoid personality disorder b) Antisocial personality disorder c) Schizoid personality disorder d) Borderline personality disorder

b. anti-social personality disorder

18. You prescribe antidepressants to one of your patients who calls two days later to rave about their benefits in lifting his obsessions. You suspect this is a placebo effect, because a. Antidepressants are for depression. Duh! b. Antidepressants generally take 4 to 6 weeks before producing psychological benefits. c. Obsessions are not known to be helped by any medication. d. People with obsessive-compulsive disorder are notoriously susceptible to placebo effects.

b. antidepressants generally take 40 to 6 weeks before producing psychological benefits

30. Feelings of extreme elation that are out of proportion to reality are a symptom of a. Dissociative disorder b. Bipolar disorder c. Fugue d. Agoraphobia

b. bipolar disorder

46. Freud and Erikson's theories emphasize what essential feature that is overlooked by most other views of the cause of normal and abnormal behavior? a. Both highlight biological drives b. Both underscore the importance of developmental stages c. Both emphasize that most of our impulses are unconscious d. Both identify the key role of cultural and historical values

b. bother underscore the importance of developmental stages

39) Expert witnesses: a) Must be appointed by the judge, not hired by one side or the other b) Can testify to opinion not just fact c) Almost always agree with one another d) Can reliably answer legal questions

b. can testify to opinion not just fact

10. I will use case studies in your Abnormal Psychology class this semester because: a. Case studies are the only way to prove the importance of the unconscious mind b. Case studies can provide informative descriptions and help you to generate hypotheses c. Case studies are the only way to prove causality d. Clinical psychology is noted for its case study approach, in contrast to other mental health professions which focus more on empirical research

b. case studies can provide information descriptions and help you to generate hypotheses

1) Compared to the DSM-IV definition of autistic disorder, the DSM-5 definition of autism spectrum disorder is like: a) The unreliable diagnosis of personality disorders becoming reliable b) Changing the cutoff for intellectual disability from 70 to 85 c) Treating ADHD as qualitatively different from normal attentional problems d) Distinguishing schizophrenia from schizoaffective disorder

b. changing the cutoff for intellectual disability from 70 to 85

39) What evidence would make K (or any parent), whose husband J suffered from schizophrenia, worry about the well-being of their children? a) Children who are reared by a parent with schizophrenia are at twice the risk of developing the disorder b) Children who have a biological parent with schizophrenia are about 15 times more likely to suffer from the disorder c) Parents who suffer from schizophrenia are 5 times more likely to abuse their children d) All of the above e) None of the above

b. children who have a biological parent with schizophrenia are about 15 times more likely to suffer from the disorder

45) In DSM-5, an adjustment disorder is: a) A common type of childhood externalizing disorder b) Clinically significant symptoms in response to stress that are not severe enough to be diagnosed as a mental disorder c) In an appendix of "diagnoses requiring further study" d) There is no such thing as an adjustment disorder in DSM-5; it was dropped after DSM-IV

b. clinically significant symptoms in response to stress that are not severe enough to be diagnosed as a mental disorder

8. "Active, directive, nonjudgmental, teacher" best describes which kind of therapist? a. Biological b. Cognitive-behavioral c. Psychodynamic d. Humanistic

b. cognitive-behavioral

The disruption in normally integrated processes in memory, consciousness, memory, or perception" is the definition of: a. The unconscious b. Dissociation c. Amnesia d. Fugue

b. dissociation

43. The so-called recovered memory movement assumed that victims of child sexual abuse routinely suffered from: a. Dissociative fugue b. Dissociative amnesia c. Dissociative identity disorder d. Depersonalization/derealization disorder

b. dissociative amnesia

22. Systematic desensitization is a treatment for anxiety that involves a. Intense exposure to feared situations at their full intensity b. Gradual exposure to feared situations in the imagination while maintaining a relaxed state c. Replacing anxiety-producing cognitions with more logical and realistic beliefs d. Using anti-anxiety medications on a short-term basis until the patient is more comfortable coping with various sources of anxiety

b. gradual exposure to feared situations in the imagination while maintaining a relaxed state

25) Which of the following is an example of a positive symptom of schizophrenia? a) flat affect b) hallucinations c) lack of insight d) creativity

b. hallucinations

34. In lecture, I discussed a case of "depression without insight." This case illustrated: a. How psychodynamic therapy is not an effective treatment for depression b. How some people can be depressed without experiencing or recognizing a sad mood c. How psychotic depression differs from ordinary depression d. How depressed people can overlook the problems their disorder creates for loved ones

b. how some people can be depressed without experiencing or recognizing a sad mood

17) Gambling disorder is (blank) in DSM-5. a) Listed in an appendix of "conditions for further study" b) Included as a mental disorder in the chapter on substance related disorders c) Included as a mental disorder in the chapter on paraphilic disorders d) Not included

b. included as a mental disorder in the chapter on substance related disorders

40) The prevalence of depression among older adults is: a) Higher than among younger adults b) Lower than among younger adults c) The same as among younger adults d) All of the above (duh!)

b. lower than among younger adults

42. Compared to major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder is: a. Highly genetic b. More chronic and less severe c. More common among men than women d. All of the above e. A and B only

b. more chronic and less severe

33. One theory (that you will soon learn about) is that anxiety is maintained by avoidance. You get anxious about doing something, avoid it, and avoidance lowers your anxiety. In operant conditioning terms, this is an example of: a. Positive reinforcement b. Negative reinforcement c. Punishment d. Response cost

b. negative reinforcement

25. The symptoms of conversion disorder often resemble a. flu-like symptoms b. neurological diseases c. gastrointestinal problems d. chronic fatigue syndrome

b. neurological diseases

22. Current understanding of the causes of most mental disorders is best described by the principle of equifinality. Yet, Emery has hope that scientists still may discover single, identifiable causes for some mental disorders if: a. The biopsychosocial model is widely adopted and paradigms are abandoned b. New, narrow subtypes of current disorders are identified, as has occurred with intellectual disabilities c. Scientists recognize the importance of gene-environment interactions d. Human subject committees allow scientists to manipulate the human genome

b. new, narrow subtypes of current disorders are identified, as has occurred with intellectual disabilities

38. The highest rate of suicide in the U.S. is found among: a. Younger black men b. Older white men c. Younger white women d. Older black women

b. older white men

49. In lecture, I questioned your textbook's excitement about the serotonin transporter gene and sensitivity to stress (and genetic linkage studies generally) because: a. Serotonin is not thought to play a role in depression b. Other researchers have been unable to replicate initial, exciting results c. Psychologists assume gene-environment interactions are important anyway d. All of the above e. None of the above

b. other researchers have been unable to replicate initial, exciting reults

13. The serenity prayer ("God grant me the serenity to accept the things I cannot change; the courage to change the things I can; and wisdom to know the difference") is a plea for the wisdom to know when to use vs. . a. Pessimism; acceptance b. Problem focused coping; emotion focused coping c. Repression; optimism d. Secular coping; religious coping

b. problem focused coping; emotion focused coping

13. Your roommate tells you that he saw a mental health professional who prescribed him the medication, Prozac, for his depression. Because you are in Psych 3410, you know that he almost certainly saw a: a. Psychologist b. Psychiatrist c. Counselor d. Too little information to judge

b. psychiatrist

3. Which of the following statements is accurate? a. Signaled stressors cause more anxiety than unsignaled stressors because of the worry they produce. b. Repression is associated with increased psychophysiological reactions to stress. c. Coping that involves appealing to a higher power leads to passive acceptance rather than active efforts at change. d. Being in control of a stressor increases anxiety due to the added sense of responsibility.

b. repression is associated with increased psychophysiological reactions to stress

17. In DSM-5, conversion disorders are classified as a type of: a. Dissociative disorder b. Somatic symptom disorder c. Anxiety disorder d. PTSD

b. somatic symptom disorder

36. Cortisol, the "stress hormone," functions like: a. Antianxiety medication b. Steroids c. Amphetamines d. Pain relievers

b. steroids

2) As we saw from my quick self-test in class, in evaluating drinking problems the two leading measures of alcohol difficulties (like DSM-5) both rely heavily on: a) The average number of drinks you consume per day b) Suggestions that you or others already think you have a problem c) Indications of increased tolerance and withdrawal symptoms d) Admission of using drinking to relieve unhappy moods or relationship problems

b. suggestions that you or others already think that you have a problem

13) In the detailed case history of schizophrenia (J & K), I mentioned that J would call me at home. The fact that I could "talk him down" so that he could understand that his delusions were not real but a part of his disease showed: a) How people with schizophrenia can, with a little guidance, come to see that their delusions are illogical b) That J had at least some insight into his illness c) How a patient's use of hallucinogens can exacerbate their delusional symptoms d) All of the above e) A and B only

b. that J had at least some insight into his illness

6. __________ is especially important to recognize in psychotherapy outcome research because it is impossible to conduct ________. a. The gene-environment correlation; research that manipulates human genes b. The allegiance effect; double blind studies c. The difference between cause and correlation; true experiments d. Studies of all the different forms of psychotherapy; meta-analysis

b. the allegiance effect; double blind studies

8) Which of these would be the most effective reinforcement in an ABA program for treating autism? a) a pat on the head b) the child's favorite food c) a smile and the comment "great!" d) getting to play a game with mother

b. the child's favorite food

11) Which of the following is the most accurate summary of survey results about sexual problems such as erectile failure, trouble with lubrication, premature ejaculation, or trouble reaching orgasm? a) These problems are rare in the general population, occurring among less than 1% of people, and a sign of sexual dysfunction b) These problems are quite common, occasionally occurring among 10-20% or more of the population c) These problems are quite common in sexual relationships between strangers but not in relationships between committed partners d) These problems are typically a symptom of deeper emotional or relationship difficulties

b. these problems are quite common, occasionally occurring among 10-20% or more of the population

2. An important problem with the so-called anti-anxiety medications is that a. They are equally effective in treating depression b. They are highly addictive c. They take at least a month before producing any clinical benefits d. They do not alleviate anxiety

b. they are highly addictive

7. Why am I studying twins in my research on the link between marriage/marital status and depression? a. To control for the genetic aspects of depression b. To control for genetic and shared environmental selection into marriage c. To control for gene-environment interactions in causing depression and marrriage d. To control for the effects of an unhappy marriage on depression

b. to control for genetic and shared environmental selection into marriage

20. Why did I bring up the distinction between exogenous and endogenous depression in lecture? a. To illustrate the underinclusiveness of the DSM. b. To illustrate limitations with current diagnosis, as this theoretically sensible distinction cannot be made reliably. c. To show how some diagnoses have demonstrated etiological validity. d. Because this diagnosis is sure to appear in DSM-6. .

b. to illustrate limitations with current diagnosis, as this theoretically sensible distinction cannot be made reliably

26. Does the diagnosis tell me anything about the cause, course, or best treatment of this disorder? This question is a concern about: a. Reliability b. Validity c. Coverage d. Thresholds

b. validity

30. In what way does the heat sensitive picture of earth from space (found in Chapter 4) teach us to appreciate basic limitations in brain imagining techniques? a. The image reminds us of the importance of appreciating different levels of analysis b. While impressive, the image illustrates limitations in meaning and degree of resolution c. The image reminds us that we need to take a systems approach in all sciences d. While fascinating, the image reminds us of the importance of theory and research; after all, we once thought the world was flat

b. while impressive, the image illustrates limitations in meaning and degree of resolution

1) Your roommate tells you that his therapist suggested that he was "self-medicating" with alcohol. The therapist means: a) Your roommate was drinking while taking prescription drugs that interact badly with alcohol. b) Your roommate was using alcohol to try to treat psychological troubles like anxiety. c) Your roommate failed to follow his therapist's advice to abstain from alcohol. d) Your roommate was coming to therapy sessions with alcohol on his breath.

b. your roommate was using alcohol to treat psychological trouble like anxiety

37) Approximately what percentage of cases of an intellectual disability can be attributed to known biological abnormalities? a) 5 percent b) 20 percent c) 50 percent d) 80 percent

c. 50 percent

19. The JAMA article by Fournier et al. (2010) on antidepressant medication (ADM) concluded that: a. ADM is no different from placebo b. ADM is no different from placebo in cases of severe depression c. ADM produces small benefits relative to placebo for mild/moderate depression but large benefits for severe depression d. ADM produces small benefits relative to placebo across all levels of the severity of depression

c. ADM produces small benefits relative to placebo for mild/moderate depression but large benefits for severe depression

47) You read an original study about the long-term effectiveness of DARE (Drug Abuse Resistance Education). Which of the following is the most accurate summary of the study's findings? a) DARE reduced future drug use substantially, roughly a 50% decline b) DARE reduced future drug use but the effect was small, about a 10% decrease c) DARE had no effect on drug use or other targets such as resistance to peer pressure d) DARE had no effect on illicit drug use and was related to increased use of legal drugs

c. DARE had no effect on drug use or other targets such as resistance to peer presure

20. Mental disorders are currently classified on the basis of a. Hypothesized causes b. Most effective treatments c. Descriptive features d. Theory rather than research e. None of the above; DSM-5 is a "laundry list" of disorders

c. Descriptive features

15. What is the best no treatment control group in psychotherapy outcome research? a. No treatment. Duh! b. A sugar pill c. This is a tricky question with no clear answer, because people will in a "no treatment" group seek "treatment" in the form of talking to friends or family, asking advice, and so on d. Trick question! You don't need a no treatment control group in a treatment study

c. This is a trick questions with no clear answer, because people will in a "no treatment group" seek "treatment" in the form of talking to friends or family, or asking advice and so on

34) Rational suicide is: a) A bizarre suicide pact that several groups of adolescents have made b) A description of the logic teenagers follow in justifying suicide based on mistaken assumptions about their life never getting better c) A controversial term for suicides among those facing painful, terminal illness, particularly older adults d) The hotly debated procedure (now legal in a few states) where physicians might help a terminally ill patient to commit suicide

c. a controversial term for suicides among those facing painful, terminal illness particularly older adults

31. Girls who reach menarche at a younger age attract boys who are older and more interested in their physical appearance/sexuality compared to girls who reach menarche at an older age. This is an example of: a. The nonshared environment b. A gene-environment interaction c. A gene-environment correlation d. The shared environment

c. a gene-environment correlation

32) An advance psychiatric directive is: a) A procedure that must be followed as a part of civil commitment proceedings b) A professional responsibility to warn the potential victims of violence that they may be in danger c) A legal instrument completed by mental patients about their treatment preferences in the event that they become psychotic d) A type of informed consent required before beginning potentially dangerous psychiatric treatments

c. a legal instrument completed by mental patients about their treatment preferences in the event that they become psychotic

48) MZ twins have a concordance rate for schizophrenia of suggesting that . a) Nearly 100%; genes (which have not yet been specifically identified) cause the disorder b) About 80%; genes play a stronger role in schizophrenia than in most mental illnesses, although the disorder probably is multiply caused c) About 50%; environmental influences interact with genetic risks to cause the disorder d) About 30%; even though the heritability is very high (because the DZ concordances is about 15%), genes alone do not contribute much to the disorder

c. about 50%; environmental influences interact with genetic risks to cause the disorder

49) Assertive Community Treatment for schizophrenia and other serious mental illnesses involves: a) Aggressively hospitalizing patients who cannot care for themselves in addition to those who are dangerous to themselves or others b) A civil commitment procedure where a court orders patients to receive outpatient therapy and enabling hospitalization if they fail to comply with orders c) Actively engaging outpatients, including assertive efforts like home visits, to insure compliance with treatment such as taking medication d) Actively identifying community resources, for example, group homes, to ensure that services are available for the mentally ill in the least restrictive alternative setting

c. actively engaging outpatients, including assertive efforts like home visits, to insure compliance with treatment such as taking medication

10) What are status offenses? a) crimes that are illegal at any age b) behaviors that are disruptive but not illegal c) acts that are illegal only if you are a minor d) behaviors that are legal but morally questionable

c. acts that are illegal only if you are minor

45) What is the first step of the Alcoholics Anonymous 12-step program? a) Recognizing that you have a problem and agreeing to seek therapy for it b) Checking into a hospital detox program to get past physiological addiction before stopping drinking c) Admitting that you are powerless over alcohol and unable to manage drinking on your own d) Hitting bottom

c. admitting that you are powerless over alcohol and unable to manage drinking on your own

1. Which of the following statements is NOT true? a. Psychology has no accepted definition of "normal," which makes it tricky to define "abnormal" b. Homosexuality once was listed as a mental disorder in the DSM c. All mental disorders involve personal distress, but mental health professionals are reluctant to define mental disorders based on this subjective criterion d. In the former Soviet Union, some political dissidents were said to have a mental disorder e. All of the above are true

c. all mental disorders involve personal distress, but mental health professionals are reluctant to define mental disorders based on this subjective criteria

16. In lecture, I gave a case study of a young man who thought that, like basketball player Hank Gathers, he was about to have a massive heart attack based on an undiagnosed heart condition. His fears caused him to panic. This case was an example of a. Beck's idea of magnification b. A somatic symptom disorder c. Catastrophic misinterpretation d. Beck's idea of overgeneralization

c. catastrophic misinterpretation

16. According to Emery, which of the following is the most accurate statement about the classification of mental disorders? a. We should not try to classify people's problems, but instead focus on each individual's concerns b. While it is reasonable to try to classify emotional problems, mental health professionals are doomed to fail due to the wide range of human experience c. Classification is basic to science, but the DSM-5 is still a work in progress d. Everyone has an opinion about the DSM-5 (and most psychological issues), but the manual is as

c. classification is basic to science, but the DSM-5 is still a work in progress

48. Which of the following most accurately represents the relationship between culture and the diagnosis of mental disorders? a. The diagnosis of mental disorders is free of cultural influences b. Each culture has its unique "surface" representation of abnormal behavior, but all cultures share the same underlying problems with abnormal behavior c. Cultural values and beliefs influence what behaviors are considered to be abnormal d. What is considered abnormal has been created almost entirely by culture and history

c. cultural values and beliefs influence what behaviors are considered to be abnormal

45. Which of the following is the best analogy for how the DSM-5 classifies mental disorders in terms of quantitative and qualitative differences? a. Keeping number grades instead of turning them into letter grades b. Getting a pregnancy test c. Deciding what heights we will call "short" versus "average or tall" d. Awarding only 1st, 2nd, and 3rd place in a race

c. deciding what heights we will call "short" versus "average or tall"

27) The "five factor" model or "big five" refers to the five: a) Major drugs of abuse b) Most common sexual dysfunctions (in men and women) c) Dimensions of normal personality d) Culture of thinness belief that even small clothing sizes are too large

c. dimensions of normal personality

44. In a cartoon in the textbook, a tearful dog patient says angrily to a cat psychotherapist, "You haven't a clue what I'm talking about do you?" The main quality that the dog is complaining that the cat lacks is: a. Insight b. Genuineness c. Empathy d. Love

c. empathy

44. How does the DSM-5 define trauma? a. A horrific event that occurs outside of the realm of ordinary human experience b. An event involving actual or threatened death to oneself or others that produces intense fear, helplessness, or horror c. Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence directly, witnessing in person occurring to others, learning that this occurred to someone close to you (involving violence), experiencing repeated or extreme exposure to details of events occurring to others (but not through media exposure) d. Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence directly, witnessing in person occurring to others, learning that this occurred to someone close to you (not limited to violence), experiencing repeated or extreme exposure to details of events occurring to others (media exposure OK)

c. exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence directly, witnessing in person occurring to others, learning that this occurred to someone close to you (involving violence), experiencing repeated or extreme exposure to details of events occurring to others (but not through media exposure)

32. The key to the treatment of anxiety is (blank) but (blank) . a. Taking antianxiety medication as prescribed; many people do not take their medication b. Uncovering the deeper source of anxiety; the treatment is expensive and slow moving c. Exposure to the source of anxiety; exposure can be difficult to achieve d. Antidepressant medication; the FDA approves antidepressants only for depression treatment

c. exposure to the source of anxiety; exposure can be difficult to achieve

10. Which of the following is NOT true of grief (as discussed in lecture)? a. People grieve differently in response to irrevocable and revocable losses. b. Grief is one example where a state similar to depression is precipitated by an environmental event. c. Grieving is a creation of the human psyche. d. Anger often is a part of grief.

c. grieving is a creation of the human psyche

33) Which of the following grouping of drugs is NOT accurate? a) Psychomotor stimulants include amphetamines and cocaine b) Sedatives/hypnotics/anxiolytics include barbiturates and benzodiazepines c) Hallucinogens include marijuana, LSD, and PCP d) Opiates include opium, morphine, and heroin

c. hallucinations include marijuana, LSD, and PCP

16) Attempts to predict violence are especially likely to result in what type of error? a) high true positive rates. b) high true negative rates. c) high false positive rates. d) high false negative rates.

c. high false positive rates

26) Which of the following statements is NOT true? a) The literal meaning of "schizophrenia" is "split mind." b) The 2nd generation, "atypical" antipsychotics were thought to offer hope for treating the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. c) Lower social class is more of a cause of schizophrenia than a consequence of the illness. d) Diagnostically, schizophrenia can be confused with psychotic affective disorders (e.g., psychotic depression).

c. lower social class is more of a cause of schizophrenia than a consequence of the illness

43) According to your text, perhaps the two keys to successful adjustment to later life are: a) Resolving the late adult identity crisis, accepting the inevitability of death b) Getting good treatment for anxiety and depression, living in a nursing home c) Maintaining good physical health, maintaining close relationships with family and friends d) Reminiscing about the past, planning on rejoining loved ones in the future

c. maintaining good physical health, maintaining close relationships with family and friends

9. The New York Times video (required) argued that the McMartin Preschool case showed that: a. Ritualistic child sexual abuse is far more common than we want to imagine b. With the aid of puppet therapists, children can be accurate eye witnesses c. Media excess can create public hysteria even in the absence of hard evidence d. Successful prosecution can clean up long-hidden abuses

c. media excess can create public hysteria even in the absence of hard evidence

28) Which of the following is NOT a libertarian position in relation to mental health and the law? a) Assisted suicide should be legal b) Committed mental patients should have the right to refuse treatment c) Mental patients should be hospitalized if they are unable to care for themselves d) The insanity defense should be abolished

c. mental patients should be hospitalized in they are unable to care for themselves

5) Endorphins are endogenous neuropeptides that are closely related chemically to a) Alcohol b) Cocaine c) Morphine d) Nicotine

c. morphine

35. Most people are resilient in the face of trauma. This means: a. Despite their PTSD, most people find ways to cope with the demands of their life b. Most people recover from their PTSD without treatment c. Most people "bounce back" from the distress of trauma and do not develop PTSD d. Most people experience no distress when confronted with trauma

c. most people "bounce back" from the distress of trauma and do not develop PTSD

34) In the assigned outside reading, Watts et al. (2013) argued that narcissism had a "bright side." This bright side is: a) Called "vulnerable narcissism" - vulnerable because empathy for others tempers the narcissism b) The narcissist doesn't think they have a problem - the personality pattern is ego syntonic c) Narcissists can become leaders who are effective at "selling" their ideas d) Narcissists tend to be quite intelligent, thus some of the excess confidence is well placed

c. narcissists can become leaders who are effective at "selling" their ideas

28) Which of the following is NOT an eating and feeding disorder listed in DSM-5? a) Binge eating disorder b) Rumination disorder c) Obesity d) None of the above are DSM-5 eating and feeding disorders e) B and C only

c. obesity

1. Repetitive, intrusive thoughts are called a. Phobias b. Flashbacks c. Obsessions d. Compulsions

c. obsessions

27. Which of the following statements is accurate? a. People exposed to the same trauma are equally likely to develop PTSD b. Dissociation during trauma is an adaptive defense mechanism that predicts a decreased likelihood of future PTSD c. People who are more anxious and easily upset before a trauma are more likely to develop PTSD after a trauma d. The experience of all trauma is random, a matter of bad luck (or good luck)

c. people who are more anxious and easily upset before a trauma are more likely to develop PTSD after a trauma

22) A common technique of sex therapy is sensate focus which involves: a) Intense stimulation of the sexual organs prior to intercourse b) Concentrating on achieving orgasm oneself, not on your partner c) Practicing enjoying nonsexual physical contact with your partner d) Enjoying your partner with every sense except touch (sight, smell, hearing, even taste)

c. practicing enjoying nonsexual physical contact with your partner

13) What happens if a person is found incompetent to stand trial? a) The charges are dismissed. b) The person is found "not guilty by reason of insanity." c) Proceedings are postponed until the person is competent. d) The person is found not guilty by reason of incompetence.

c. proceedings are postponed until the person is competent

27. These are the notes of a therapist who is treating Frances, whose case of depression was described in the text: "Client uses denial to protect herself from inner rage at family members." The theoretical orientation of this therapist is most likely: a. Humanistic b. Cognitive-behavioral c. Psychodynamic d. Biological

c. psychodynamic

12. What research area focuses specifically on how psychological stress influences the immune system? a. Infectious disease b. Psychophysiology c. Psychoneuroimmunology d. Behavioral medicine

c. psychoneuroimmunology

11) In ADHD, hyperactivity is most notable in: a) psychological testing b) the presence of the child's parents c) structured situations d) anxiety-provoking circumstances

c. structures situations

32) Detoxification involves: a) Treating family members to help them to stop enabling their loved one's abuse b) A life-threatening reaction to binge drinking c) The gradual process of removing a drug when a patient has become dependent on it d) Exposing yourself to more and more of a drug until you overcome its initial, negative effects

c. the gradual process of removing a drug when a patient has become dependent on it

47. Why are braining imaging procedures not widely used for the diagnosis of mental disorders? a. The procedures are currently too expensive to be used in routine clinical work and instead are only used to diagnose mental disorders in research studies b. Brain imaging is routinely used by psychiatrists in making diagnoses, but other mental health professionals (who far outnumber psychiatrists) are not trained in using the technique c. There is no evidence that these procedures can be used to identify mental disorders d. In fact, braining imaging procedures became the diagnostic standard with the publication of DSM-5

c. there is no evidence that these procedures can be used to indentify mental disorders

41) The ADH and ALDH genes, which are found disproportionately among Asians, have been shown to have what effect on alcoholism? a) They increase the risk for alcoholism b) Paradoxically, they only increase the risk for alcoholism among non-Asians, evidence for a gene-environment interaction c) They protect against the development of alcoholism by causing an adverse reaction to alcohol consumption d) They were once thought to protect against the development of alcoholism, but scientists now recognize that this mistaken conclusion was due to gene-environment correlation (Asian culture does not condone excessive alcohol consumption)

c. they protect against the development of alcoholism by causing an adverse reaction to alcohol consumption

9. Mental disorders appear to be polygenic. This means that: a. Scientists surely will identify the gene responsible for various disorders one day b. The same gene contributes to multiple disorders, so identifying candidate genes should help to cure multiple disorders c. You can still be "a little bit" depressed, ADHD, etc even if genes contribute substantially to mental disorders d. All of the above e. B and C only

c. you can still be "a little bit" depressed, ADHD, etc even if genes contribute substantially to mental disorders

39. A required extra reading from The Guardian reported on a comparison of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and psychoanalytic therapy (PT) in the treatment of bulimia. Which of the following is the most accurate summary of the findings reported in this article? a. When offered by therapists who believed in their treatment, CBT and PT produced similar results b. CBT produced more improvements in symptoms, but PT produced more improvements in general happiness and life satisfaction c. CBT produced more improvements, but both treatments were limited to 12 sessions - a confound because CBT is usually short-term but PT is a long-term treatment d. CBT produced more improvements than PT even though CBT included only 20 sessions over 5 months while PT included weekly sessions for 2 years

d. CBT produced more improvements than PT even though CBT included only 20 sessions over 5 months while PT included weekly sessions for 2 years

14) How does DSM-5 define an addiction? a) Based on the number of symptoms a patient meets for diagnosis b) Based on the presence of craving and withdrawal c) Based on a list of psychological factors d) DSM-5 does not distinguish addiction from other substance use problems

d. DSM-5 does not distinguish addiction from other substance use problems

5. Roger's client-centered therapy is closely associated with the concept of a. Interpretation b. Countertransference c. Operant conditioning d. Empathy

d. Empathy

17. Suppose a trait is entirely determined by the shared environment. Which of the following could be expected in a twin study of monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins? a. MZ and DZ twins would both have zero percent concordance. b. MZ twins would have fifty percent concordance, DZ twins would have a zero percent concordance c. MZ twins would have one hundred percent concordance, DZ twins would have fifty percent concordance d. MZ and DZ twins would both have one hundred percent concordance

d. MZ and DZ twins would both have one hundred percent concordance

41) In a few years, you'll see headlines like, "autism spectrum disorders have far better outcome than previously thought." Because you took this class, I hope you will remember to attribute this to: a) Current advances in our knowledge of the cause of the disorder b) Current advances in our knowledge of the psychological treatment of the disorder c) Current advances in our knowledge of the biological treatment of the disorder d) A much broader definition of autism spectrum that includes more high functioning cases e) A and B only

d. a much broader definition of autism spectrum that includes high functioning cases

2) In 2010, Teresa Lewis was executed in Virginia for being a "mastermind" in a plot to kill her husband. Her tested IQ was 72. Based on a 2014 U.S. Supreme Court Ruling (that was an extra reading) her case may have reached a different outcome today because the 2014 Supreme Court ruled: a) The death penalty was cruel and unusual punishment for someone with an intellectual disability b) Because of the potential for manipulation, the death penalty can only be applied if a defendant with a borderline IQ directly commits a murder c) The new DSM-5 criteria should now be used for defining intellectual disability. d) A strict cutoff of 70 cannot be used to exclude a potential diagnosis of intellectual disability for death penalty considerations

d. a strict cutoff of 70 cannot be used to exclude a potential diagnosis of intellectual disability for death penalty considerations

14. Which of the following is an argument against dualism? a. Genes and the environment work together not separately b. Ultimate causes are defined at the smallest (or most molecular) level of analysis c. The whole is more than the sum of its parts d. All experience involves the brain, just like all computer software involves computer hardware

d. all experiences involve the brain, just like all computer software involves computer hardware

14. Which of the following is an established, evidence-based treatment for depression? a. Antidepressant medication b. Cognitive behavior therapy c. Interpersonal therapy d. All of the above e. None of the above

d. all of the above

15) Which of the following is a problem with diagnosing personality disorders? a) The diagnosis of most personality disorders is quite unreliable b) The line dividing abnormal from normal personality is not clear c) The symptoms are typically ego syntonic, thus self-report is suspect because people often do not view their symptoms as problems d) All of the above e) A and B only

d. all of the above

26. Researchers question assertions that dissociative identity disorder is far more common than assumed because: a. Most cases are diagnosed by a handful of ardent advocates b. The diagnosis grew rapidly following the popularity of the book and movie, Sybil c. Dissociative disorders are rarely diagnosed outside of the U.S. and Canada d. All of the above e. None of the above

d. all of the above

37) Which of the following could be a compensatory behavior that is a part of bulimia nervosa? a) Self-induced vomiting b) Intensive exercise c) Rigid fasting d) All of the above e) Trick question. Bulimia nervosa does not include compensatory behavior

d. all of the above

38. Scientists are now convinced that vaccines do not cause autism, but it is important to revisit this controversy because: a. People are desperate for answers to mental disorders, and this makes them susceptible to false promises b. Bad information is readily available and easily spread, especially in the Internet Age c. You need to understand that the burden of proof falls on the proponent of any hypothesis. You need to prove that your idea is true - I don't need to prove that you are wrong d. All of the above e. A and B only

d. all of the above

41. Which of the following is true about the results of the Collaborative Research Program for the treatment of depression (discussed in lecture)? a. A substantial placebo effect was found b. Antidepressant medication, cognitive behavior therapy, and interpersonal therapy all outperformed placebo c. Antidepressant medication, cognitive behavior therapy, and interpersonal therapy all had substantial relapse rates d. All of the above e. None of the above

d. all of the above

48. Which of the following frequently is an element of therapy with suicidal people? a. Reducing lethality, possibly including hospitalization b. Negotiating agreements about postponing suicidal behavior c. Arranging extra support from family and friends during the crisis d. All of the above e. A and C only

d. all of the above

36) According to your text, which of the following is an accurate conclusion about the treatment of alcoholism and substance use disorders? a) Short-term improvements are common, but so is relapse b) While there is no evidence that one treatment is clearly most effective, alcoholics anonymous (AA) and similar peer treatments seem to help achieve abstinence c) People who reduce consumption typically improve in their health and life functioning too d) All of the above are accurate e) A and C only

d. all of the above are accurate

34. Which of the following is an incorrect pairing? a. Personality inventory; MMPI b. Projective test; Rorschach inkblot c. Brain imaging; MRI d. All of the above are correct pairings e. None of the above are correct pairings

d. all of the above are correct pairings

30) According to your text, which of the following is true of antipsychotic medication in the treatment of schizophrenia? a) Patients need to take medication for prolonged periods of time, often for life b) Relapse is common as patients often stop taking medication c) Serious, sometimes irreversible side effects can result from the prolonged use of medication d) All of the above are true e) A and C only

d. all of the above are true

49. I find that people in unhappy close relationships are more likely to be depressed. I conclude that troubled relationships cause depression. Which of the follow is true about my conclusion? a. My conclusion might be right b. Depression might cause unhappy relationships c. Bad living circumstances might cause both depression and troubled relationships d. All of the above true e. B and C only

d. all of the above are true

30) Which of the following was NEVER a ground for the insanity defense? a) The inability to distinguish right from wrong b) Experiencing an "irresistible impulse," an inability to control your actions c) The behavior was a product of a mental illness (the "product test") d) All of the above were grounds for insanity at some point in U.S. history

d. all of the above were grounds for insanity at some point in US history

6) An operational definition is: a) A theoretical idea about an internal state or how someone thinks or feels b) An everyday, working belief about psychological motivations and emotions c) A temporary belief that is situation specific not an enduring trait d) An empirical measure of a theoretical construct

d. an empirical measure of a theoretical construct

28. Which of the following statements is NOT accurate? a. Many normal people report experiencing intrusive, unacceptable thoughts on occasion. b. The content of obsessions typically involves social unacceptable themes like sex, violence, or contamination c. Obsessive-compulsive disorders are no longer classified as anxiety disorders in DSM-5 d. Antianxiety drugs are the most common and effective medication for OCD

d. anti-anxiety drugs are the most common and effective medication for OCD

44) What medication has a "black box" warning for adolescents and why? a) Psychostimulants, they have the potential to be abused by adolescents b) Antianxiety medications, they have the potential to become addictive, particularly when used by adolescents c) Antipsychotic medications, they have been overused in the treatment of bipolar disorder among adolescents d) Antidepressants, they may increase suicidal thinking among adolescents

d. antidepressants, they may increase suicidal thinking among adolescents

50) Which of the following characterizes a man with gender identity disorder? a) has male and female sex organs b) holds a delusional belief that he is a woman c) is sexually aroused by dressing as a woman d) believes that, in spite of his anatomy, he is more like a woman

d. believes that, in spite of his anatomy, he is more like a woman

44) Which of the following statements is NOT true about anorexia and bulimia? a) The prevalence of both increased dramatically later in the 20th century b) The symptoms of the disorders often overlap, as some women with anorexia will occasional binge and purge and some women with bulimia have a history of anorexia c) Both are more common among young females of higher socioeconomic status d) Both disorders are ego syntonic, which makes treatment difficult e) All of the above are true

d. both disorders are ego syntonic, which makes treatment difficult

25) In lecture, I referred to "classic" autism. The New York Times outside reading referred to "classic" ADHD. Why was it necessary to refer to "classic" in these two instances? a) DSM-5 distinguishes between classic and atypical cases of each disorder b) Autism and ADHD have high comorbidity, so it is necessary to refer to classic (pure) cases, where children only suffer from one disorder c) Treatments for each disorder are only effective for classic cases; they can actually have paradoxical effects on nonclassic cases d) Definitions of the disorders have expanded so rapidly that it is necessary to refer to past, narrower (classic) diagnoses

d. definitions of the disorders have expanded so rapidly that it is necessary to refer to past, narrower (classic) diagnoses

47. Nonsuicidal self-injury involves: a. Threats to commit suicide that are purely manipulative in nature b. Compulsive participation in reckless "extreme" sports, leading to frequent self-harm c. Efforts to kill the psychological self, but not the physical self d. Deliberate self-harm that may help regulate intense, negative emotion

d. deliberate self-harm that may help regulate intense, negative emotion

40. The future of psychotherapy is to: a. Train parents to do a better job of childrearing, thus ending emotional disorders. b. Train paraprofessionals who can do therapy in schools, work places, and neighborhoods. c. Make psychoanalysis affordable for everyone. d. Develop and offer different treatments that work for different disorders.

d. develop and offer different treatments that work for different disorders

21) The family life cycle refers to the a) family genealogy b) motivation to leave a legacy by having children and perpetuating the family lineage c) framework that some therapists use in helping families grieve the pain of divorce d) developmental course of changing family relationships

d. developmental course of changing family relationships

33) Knowing _____________ is not only essential for assessing potential psychological disorders of childhood but also for judging adult behavior within the context of adult development. a) The difference between externalizing and internalizing b) Developmental norms c) Temperament d) Social clocks

d. developmental norms

15. Exposure and response prevention is an effective psychological treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder. The treatment involves: a. Reliving terrible memories without obsessing or becoming compulsive b. Self-help and social support modeled after Alcoholics Anonymous c. A combination of medication and cognitive behavior therapy d. Exposure to sources of anxiety (like a source of "contamination") and prevention of usual compulsive response to exposure

d. exposure to sources of anxiety (like a source of "contamination") and prevention of usual compulsive response to exposure

21) Which of the following statements is true? a) Drinking coffee lowers blood alcohol level b) Caffeine dependence is included in DSM-5 as a substance use disorder c) Hallucinogens produce only auditory hallucinations d) High doses of cocaine or amphetamines can produce psychosis, at least temporarily

d. high doses of cocaine or amphetamines can produce psychosis, at least temporarily

23) A dramatic style, excessive emotionality, attention seeking, inappropriate sexual seductiveness characterize: a) narcissistic personality disorder b) schizoid personality disorder c) antisocial personality disorder d) histrionic personality disorder

d. histrionic personality disorder

15) Which of the following is not a criterion for civil commitment in any state? a) inability to care for self b) dangerous to others c) dangerous to self d) inability to know right from wrong

d. inability to know right from wrong

42) Hyperactive sexual drive disorder: e) is included in DSM-5 under sexual dysfunctions f) is included in DSM-5 under paraphilic disorders g) is included in DSM-5 under sexual addictions h) is not included in DSM-5

d. is not included in DSM-5

45. Acute Stress Disorder was included in the DSM because: a. The symptoms of this problem clearly differ from those of posttraumatic stress disorder b. Most people who have been exposed to trauma seek out mental health care shortly afterwards c. Acute stress disorder actually is more enduring than posttraumatic stress disorder d. It was hoped that early intervention would prevent the development of posttraumatic stress disorder

d. it was hoped that early intervention would prevent the development of posttraumatic stress disorder

39. "Stephanie" the former grad student who was sexually assaulted in the case in Chapter 7 allowed me to share her story to educate others. Which of the following best characterizes her willingness to allow me to put her case in the text? a. Prolonged exposure therapy b. Imagery rehearsal therapy c. Emotional processing d. Meaning making

d. meaning making

29. Which of the following statements is true about medications used to treat psychological problems? a. Biomedical scientists have developed cures for a good number of mental disorders b. Medications used to treat psychological problems are no more than placebos c. Medications can improve the symptoms of many mental disorders, but there is "symptom substitution" where a new problem pops up as soon as one problem is pushed down d. Medication can improve the symptoms of many mental disorders, but people often must stay on the medication for long periods of time to maintain the benefit

d. medication can improve the symptoms of many mental disorders, but people often must stay on the medication for long periods of time to maintain the benefit

50. Based on lecture, the text, and outside readings, which of the following is most accurate? a. Mental health professionals agree about the best treatments for different disorders b. Mental health professionals agree that medication is only a superficial treatment for problems like depression, while therapy produces long-term change c. Mental health professionals agree that most of the effectiveness of psychotherapy is due to common factors, not active ingredients d. Mental health professionals disagree about the most effective treatments, whether they produce lasting change, and whether the success of psychotherapy is due to common factors or active ingredients

d. mental health professionals disagree about the most effective treatments, whether they produce lasting change, and whether the success of psychotherapy is due to common factors or active ingredients

38) According to your text, which of the following is the most widely accepted evolutionary account of schizophrenia? a) Schizophrenia is an extreme variation on creative genius b) Schizophrenia is an extreme variation on working memory c) Schizophrenia is an extreme variation on normal, adaptive skepticism or defensiveness d) Schizophrenia is difficult to explain in evolutionary terms, as the symptoms seem to have no adaptive purpose

d. schizophrenia is difficult to explain in evolutionary terms, as the symptoms seem to have no adaptive purpose

46) What is the central problem in paraphilias? a) inhibited sexual desire b) physiological problems prevent arousal c) the individual feels guilt about the behavior d) sexual arousal is detached from a reciprocal, loving adult relationship

d. sexual arousal is detached from a reciprocal, loving adult relationship

33. Mental health professionals here at UVa are trained to offer critical incident stress debriefing in the event that students should experience widespread trauma. Based on evidence from your text, this intervention should: a. Dramatically lower cases of ASD and PTSD. b. Resolve ASD more rapidly and therefore prevent new cases of PTSD. c. Reduce cases of ASD but only slightly lower cases of PTSD. d. Show no benefit for either ASD or PTSD, and perhaps produce harmful effects.

d. show no benefit for either ASD or PTSD and perhaps produce harmful effects

31) A dimensional model for classifying personality disorders was considered but the traditional system was maintained because the dimensional model was: a) Less reliable that the traditional system b) More reliable but less valid than the traditional system c) Overinclusive, including many normal personality problems as disorders d) Simply too complicated

d. simply too complicated

20) Borderline personality disorder refers to: a) Someone who almost meets DSM criteria for a personality disorder b) Someone who is close to being psychotic c) Someone who combines elements of different personality disorders d) Someone with intense fears of abandonment, unstable relationships, impulsive behavior, and emotional instability

d. someone with intense fears of abandonment, unstable relationships, impulsive behavior, and emotional instability

17) The percentage of patients who commit acts of violence is highest among patients with which type of disorder? a) schizophrenia b) major depression c) bipolar disorder d) substance abuse/dependence

d. substance abuse/dependence

24. A resolution on the website of the American Psychological Association (required reading) stated, "In contrast to large differences in outcome between those treated with psychotherapy and those not treated, different forms of psychotherapy typically produce relatively similar outcomes." This statement is most consistent with which of the following: a. The double blind effect b. The null hypothesis c. The placebo effect d. The "Dodo Bird" verdict

d. the "dodo bird" verdict

18. You argue that an 89.9 really should be an "A" not a "B." Your argument (even though you lose) illustrates an important point about the diagnosis of mental disorders: a. DSM needs to adopt a categorical approach to classification b. Mental disorders are qualitatively different from normal behavior c. The cutoff for diagnosing a mental disorder should be lower d. The cutoff for diagnosing a mental disorder can be rather arbitrary e. All of the above

d. the cutoff for diagnosing a mental disorder can be rather arbitrary

7) Our class discussion about the overemphasis placed on women's appearance, especially thinness, and what a father can do to encourage positive self-esteem and health in his daughter's bears closest resemblance to: a) The expressive writing component of eating disorder prevention programs b) The healthy eating component of eating disorder prevention programs c) The assessment only component of eating disorder prevention programs d) The dissonance component of eating disorder prevention programs

d. the dissonance component of eating disorder prevention programs

9) How does the DSM-5 classify childhood disorders? a) They are coded as neurodevelopmental disorders b) They are divided into internalizing and externalizing disorders. c) They are classified as Psychological Disorders of Childhood d) There is no longer a separate classification for childhood disorders; childhood versions of various disorders are now grouped with the related adult diagnoses

d. there is no longer a separate classification for childhood disorders; childhood versions of various disorders are now grouped with the related adult diagnoses

41. Ten years ago, in the middle of the panic over vaccines and autism, The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development offered this cautiously worded statement despite several studies showing no link between vaccines and autism, "There is no evidence to date that the MMR vaccine causes autism." The caution reflects the fact that: a. The science wing of the federal government is prohibited from taking strong positions. b. Research to date is a catch phrase for incomplete research. c. The burden of proof falls on those who disagree with an hypothesis d. You can never accept the null hypothesis.

d. you can never accept the null hypothesis

16) The extended case history of schizophrenia (J & K) illustrated how: a) Helpful improvements in functioning can be achieved with proper medication and coordinated therapeutic support b) The expression of anger (high expressed emotion), while understandable, can exacerbate symptoms c) For some psychological problems, the therapy relationship is unimportant - medication and treatment technology are the keys to success d) All of the above e) A and B only

e. a and b only ( a.Helpful improvements in functioning can be achieved with proper medication and coordinated therapeutic support b.The expression of anger (high expressed emotion), while understandable, can exacerbate symptoms)

40. The New York Times video (required) on the treatment of Sybil, the famous case of multiple personality disorder, noted that her therapist: a. Used hypnotic drugs while searching for hidden personalities b. Searched for and suggested memories of childhood trauma c. Admitted to exaggeration once public hysteria about multiple personalities grew d. All of the above e. A and B only

e. a and b only (a. Used hypnotic drugs while searching for hidden personalities, b. Searched for and suggested memories of childhood trauma)

18) Which of the following pieces of evidence supports the conclusion that the image of women in popular culture plays a role in the development of eating disorders? a) The disorders are more common in professions in which appearance is highly valued such as models, dancers, and actresses b) The prevalence of eating disorders has increased in recent decades as, in industrialized societies, the image of the ideal woman has grown thinner c) Girls who are exposed more to the popular media have more body dissatisfaction d) The disorders are particularly common among adolescents and young women, ages at which females are more susceptible to media influences e) All of the above

e. all of the above

26) Which of the following is NOT a concern about the diagnosis and/or treatment of psychological disorders of childhood? a) Parents and children often disagree about the nature (or existence) of a child's psychological problem b) Parents, teachers, and other adults often disagree about the nature (or existence) of a child's psychological problem c) Behavior that is considered "normal" changes with age d) Children's behavior is strongly influenced by family, school, and peer contexts e) All of the above are concerns

e. all of the above

38) The New York Times Magazine article, "Selling Attention Deficit Disorder" (extra reading) attributed the increased use of psychostimulant medication in the treatment of ADHD (ADD) to: a) Broadened definitions of ADHD in children b) Drug company marketing to prescribing physicians c) Drug company marking to parents d) Increased diagnosis of adult ADHD e) All of the above

e. all of the above

3) If I wanted to argue in favor of using psychostimulants to treat ADHD, which of the following is NOT a fact that I might use to support my argument? a) Research shows that medication is effective in up to 70% of cases b) Research shows that medication is significantly more effective than the main psychological alternative, behavior therapy, at least in the short run c) Medication is a relatively inexpensive treatment d) Medication is fast acting e) All of the above are facts that could be used to argue in favor of psychostimulants

e. all of the above are facts that could be used to argue in favor of psychostimulants

42) Which of the following is an accurate statement about Erikson's theory of psychosocial development? a) He divided stages based on key developments in sexuality b) He included development during both childhood and adult life c) He defined each stage with a central conflict d) He argued that fixation at an early stage was a key problem in coping with developmental transitions e) B and C only

e. b and c only ( b.He included development during both childhood and adult life AND c. He defined each stage with a central conflict)